Dr Sean Weaver, Principal, Carbon Partnership sean@carbonpartnership
description
Transcript of Dr Sean Weaver, Principal, Carbon Partnership sean@carbonpartnership
Dr Sean Weaver, Principal, Carbon Partnership [email protected]
Global Issues: A Forest Story From An Educator-
PractitionerEnviroschools National HuiRotorua, November 2012
Global Issues: A Forest Story From An Educator-
Practitioner
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Learn to live with a different climate
Be an international role model
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Historical carbon emissions with two potential pathways for the future
Currently
predicted path
Historical Emissions
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
Flat path
2012 2062
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear 14
7
1962
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Historical carbon emissions with two potential pathways for the future
Currently
predicted path
Historical Emissions
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Flat path
2004 2054
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear 14
7
1954
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Historical carbon emissions with two potential pathways for the future
Historical Emissions
2004 2054
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear 14
7
1954
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
Flat path
7 Billion Tons carbon per year over 50 years
Emissions to be avoided
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Stabilisation Triangle
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
7 ‘Wedges’ are needed to build the
Stabilisation Triangle
1 ‘Wedge’
Avoids 1 Billion tons of carbon emissions
per year by 2062
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Emissions to be avoided
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Stabilisation Triangle
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
7 ‘Wedges’ are needed to build the
Stabilisation Triangle
1 ‘Wedge’
Avoids 1 Billion tons of carbon emissions
per year by 2062
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Emissions to be avoided
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Stabilisation Triangle
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Stabilisation Triangle
Energy efficiency
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Stabilisation Triangle
Fossil Carbon
Management
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Stabilisation Triangle
Biofuels, Hydrogen
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Stabilisation Triangle
Renewable electricity
generation
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Stabilisation Triangle
Greater share of renewables
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Stabilisation Triangle
50 fold expansion of wind energy
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Bill
ions
of t
ons
carb
on e
mitt
ed p
er y
ear
14
7
2012 2062
Currently
predicted path
Towards Tripling CO2 Concentrations
Avoid Doubling CO2 Concentrations
The Stabilisation Wedges concept turns an overwhelming Herculean Challenge
into seven monumental tasks
Flat path
Stabilisation Triangle
Forest Management
Cut greenhouse gas emissions
Forest Management
REDD+
This is what I do
REDD+
Introduction To REDD+What is ?
What’s new about REDD+ ?What can we do ?
What’s the big deal ?
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
Introduction To REDD+What is ?
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Sugar
Oxygen
CWood
CO2
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
CO2
“Tap”“Drain”
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Forest Carbon
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
CO2
“Drain”“Tap”
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Forest Carbon
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
“Drain”CO2
“Tap”
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Forest Carbon
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
CO2
“Drain”“Tap”
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Forest Carbon
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
CO2
“Drain”“Tap”
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Forest Carbon
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
CO2
“Drain”“Tap”
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Forest Carbon
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation
CO2
CO2
“Drain”“Tap”
Carbon Removals
Carbon Stored
Carbon Emissions
Introduction To REDD+What is ?
What’s new about REDD+ ?What can we do ?
What’s the big deal ?
What’s the big deal ?
What’s the big deal ?
Cropland Forest
-10
-5
0
5
10 300
250
200
150
1000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Temp
CO2ppm
Age 100,000 years b.p.
Climate and atmospheric history of past 400,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica
400Current CO2 concentration
500CO2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections)
-10
-5
0
5
10 300
250
200
150
1000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Temp
CO2ppm
Age 100,000 years b.p.
Climate and atmospheric history of past 400,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica
400Current CO2 concentration
500CO2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections)
-10
-5
0
5
10 300
250
200
150
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Temp
CO2ppm
Age 100,000 years b.p.
400Current CO2 concentration
500
CO2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections)
-10
-5
0
5
10 300
250
200
150
1000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Temp
CO2ppm
Age 100,000 years b.p.
400Current CO2 concentration
500CO2 concentration at 2100 (lower end projections)
600
700
CO2 concentration at 2100 (upper end projections)
Global Warming
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Fourth Assessment Report (AR4 2007) (AR5 due 2013)
Three volumes:
1. Scientific Basis
2. Impacts, Adaptation, Vulnerability
3. Mitigation of Climate Change
Each Volume has:
• Summary for policy makers
• Technical summary
• Full Report
There is also a Synthesis Report
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Dr Bob Watson, co-Chair MEA
and establish the scientific basis for actions needed to
enhance the conservation and sustainable use of
ecosystems.
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Called for by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 2000 in his report
to the UN General Assembly, We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in
the 21st Century. Kofi Annan, ex UN Secretary GeneralThe goal was to assess the
consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Ecosystem Services
“Environment” : a place for the production of ecosystem services.The flow of these services is dependent on the health of the ecosystems that produce them.
"Human activity is putting such strain on the natural functions of Earth that the ability of the planet's ecosystems to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted.”
“The challenge of reversing the degradation of ecosystems while meeting increasing demands for their services can be partially met but these involve significant changes in policies, institutions and practices that are not currently under way.”
Key Findings
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Ecosystem Services
“Environment” : a place for the production of ecosystem services.The flow of these services is dependent on the health of the ecosystems that produce them.
Ecosystems = ecological infrastructure requiring investment and maintenance
Ecological infrastructures often produce services at a lower cost than engineering infrastructures
TEEB
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
TEEB helps to justify public and private sector investments in looking after the place
E.g. Payment For Ecosystem Services
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global WarmingDebt Financing
Modern banks have a 10:1 liability to cash
reserve ratio (or worse)
$100 deposit generates $1,000 in loans
Over 90% of the money in circulation is borrowed
The global economy must grow by the interest
rate for the financial system to remain stable
But I’m not
growing
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global WarmingApprox 5 born every second
Approx 2.5 die every second
Approx 2.5 added to World Population every second
6,000 every hour
150,000 every day
64 million every year
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
Impacts
Sea level rise
Cyclone intensity
Flooding
Drought
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity decline
International economy
Population growth
World oil prices
Food security
Cross cutting issues:
Safe level for CO2
350ppm
Global Warming
= Quite Big ProblemGlobal Warming
Solution? = Reduce Emissions
Sources? = Approx 80% Fossil Fuels
Approx 20% Forests
Kyoto Protocol
UNFCCC REDD Agreement (still under negotiation)
(and other instruments already available)
Introduction To REDD+What is ?
What’s new about REDD+ ?What can we do ?
What’s the big deal ?
UNFCCC REDD Agreement (still under negotiation)
(and other instruments already available)
What’s new about REDD+ ?
New form of forest finance
Payment for Ecosystem Services
What’s new about REDD+ ?
Large scale environmental solutions need to be financedE.g. US$2 Trillion in low and no carbon energy in next decade
New form of forest finance
Payment for Ecosystem Services
Large scale environmental solutions need to be financedE.g. US$2 Trillion in low and no carbon energy in next decade to peak in global GHG emissions
Green financ
e neede
d Public money
Private
money
New form of forest finance
Payment for Ecosystem Services
Performance-based payments for the delivery of forest conservation benefits that are:
1. Measurable
2. Verifiable3. Additional4. Permanent
1. Measurable
2. Verifiable3. Additional4. Permanent
Measurement Reporting & Verification
System (MRV)
1. Measurable
2. Verifiable3. Additional4. Permanent
Measurement Reporting & Verification
System (MRV)
Additionality Test (wouldn't have happened
anyway)
1. Measurable
2. Verifiable3. Additional4. Permanent
Measurement Reporting & Verification
System (MRV)
Instrument for Delivery of Incentive Payments
Legal & Socio-Economic Measures to Fix Causes of Deforestation/Degradation
Additionality Test (wouldn't have happened
anyway)
Instrument for Delivery of Incentive Payments
Income From This
Income From This
Wood/agriculture commodities sold in a market
E.g. carbon credit commodities sold in a market+ grant finance opportunities
What does PES look like ?
• Jobs• Economic development• Community well-being• Benefits from living
forests
for Ecosystem Services (PES)
Income From ThisE.g. carbon credit commodities sold in a market+ grant finance opportunities
This is what I do: I help rainforest owners make a living from Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) instead of timber
Introduction To REDD+What is ?
What’s new about REDD+ ?What can we do ?
What’s the big deal ?
What can we do ?= Approx 80% Fossil Fuels
= Approx 80% Fossil Fuels
Approx 20% Forests
= Approx 80% Fossil Fuels
Approx 20% Forests
Positive messaging
Negative messaging
Enduring Relationships Need:
= Approx 80% Fossil Fuels
Approx 20% Forests
Focus on solution no less than of the time
Focus on problem no more than of the time
Effective Environmental Education And Communication
Strategies Need:
Bombarding people with problem data does not motivate them
Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem
= Approx 80%Forests
Awareness
ValuesKnowledge
SkillsActions
Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem
Focus on solution no less than of the time
= Approx 80%Forests
Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem
Focus on solution no less than of the time
Focus on solution no less thanTurn ourselves into walking
s
Train others to be walking solutions
I hear and I forgetI see and I rememberI do and I understand
Motivation comes with empowerment which comes from experiencing the act of fixing a problem
Focus on solution no less thanTurn ourselves into walking
s
Train others to be walking solutions
Walking solutions master their art
through experience
Our job as educators is to provide experiences in the art of doing solutions
I also need the emotional intelligence to endure as a solutionist
… in the face of relentless challenges from people like me
Train others to be walking solutions
Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution
Assertive Compassion
To sustain this we also need a support community
Ekodō
Environmental practice as a martial art
In an interconnected world there are no
boundaries
This is global self defence
Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution
Assertive Compassion
Ekodō
Environmental practice as a martial art
This is global self defence
I am good enough
In an interconnected world there are no
boundaries
Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution
Ekodō
Environmental practice as a martial art
I am good enough
Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution
I can do this
Just as I amI am good enough
Right here Right now
Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution
My mind is open and inquisative
Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution
I don’t mind making mistakes
I respond well to encouragement
Constantly judging me gives
me anxiety
I learn best when it is fun
My best teachers help me discover
my own skills
My mind is open and inquisative
Self Confidence Courage Conflict Resolution
I don’t mind making mistakes
I respond well to encouragement
Constantly judging me gives
me anxiety
My best teachers help me discover
my own skills
I learn best when it is fun
Thanks for listening
Thanks for listening
Some Ekodō Readings
Ekodō: The Gift
Ekodō: Good Enough
Ekodō: Earth Witness
Ekodō: Ecology of Anger
Ekodō: West Coast Story
Ekodō: The Rabbit
Or do a search in Happyzine for “Ekodo” articles