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Transcript of Data Format
Remote sensing:Data formats and software packages
Rüdiger Gens
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What is this presentation is about
broad overview about most common data formats used in remote sensingsoftware packages dealing with those formats
starting point for further studies
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esWhat this presentation
is NOT about
the conclusive answer to all the questions about data formats you ever hadan attempt to cover every remote sensing data format under the suna sales pitch for any of the software packagesa tutorial on the different image products
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Common remote sensing data
OpticalLandsat, Aster, AVHRR, MODIS, SPOT
SARRadarsat, ERS, JERS-1
DEMsGTOPO30, SDTS, NED, SRTM
Vector dataESRI shape files
ModelsnetCDF
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Flat binary multi-band formats
most basic form of storing raster datausually accompanied by metadata file (ASCII or XML)three common format
BIL – band interleaved by lineBIP – band interleaved by pixelBSQ – band sequential
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HDF-EOS format
standard data format for all NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) data products
multi-object file format developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)
standard HDF objects: images, tables, text, and data arrays three additional data types based on HDF objects: grid, point, and swathself-describing format
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GeoTIFF format
extension of the regular TIFF formatuses a small set of reserved TIFF tags to store a broad range of georeferencing informationonly commonly used generic image format that can handle geolocation informationavailable in all standard remote sensing and GIS packages
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ERDAS Imagine
.lan formatold ERDAS Imagine 7.5 formataround for long time: most packages can read it
.img formatone of the standard remote sensing formatplays well with ArcGIS (Arc/Info)
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CEOS format
standard data format for radar dataRadarsat, ERS, JERS-1
comes in a large variety of flavorscontents depends on processing facilityusually requires software tools to read and convert into different formatinterface for ASF data available in next version of ERDAS Imagine
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MrSID format
stands for Multi-resolution Seamless Image Databasewavelet based image encoder, viewer and file format: compression efficientmain format of USGS scanning products
topo mapsaerial photographs
regularly used in GIS applications
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Landsat data
available formatsHDF-EOSGeoTIFFFast L7
• each band is self-contained in its own file • header file containing three ASCII metadata records
(administrative, radiometric, and geometric)
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Terra / Aqua data
large variety of productsTerra instruments
ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS, MOPITTAqua instruments
AIRS, AMSR-E, CERES, HSB, MODISnumber of software packages with interfacesavailable formats
HDF-EOS
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AVHRR data
number of software package interfaces availableavailable formats
Level 1b 8-bit/10-bit/16-bit HRPT/LAC Level 1b 8-bit/10-bit/16-bit GACDartcom 16-bit HRPTSatlantic 16-bit HRPT Quorum Qtrack 16-bit HRPT 16-bit HRPT Minor Frame Dundee 16-bit HRPT AVHRR CEOS (Raw AVHRR CCT Image Format)
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SPOT data
SPOT 1-4: CAP formatSPOT 5 and later: DIMAP formatusually requires software package with SPOT data interface
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esDigital Orthophoto Quadrangle
(DOQ)
computer-generated image of an aerial photograph
image displacement caused by terrain relief and camera tilt has been removedcombines the image characteristics of the original photograph with the georeferenced qualities of a map
available formatsnative (viewer and conversion tools available)GeoTIFF
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GTOPO30
global topographic data (30 arc seconds)format
DEM – digital elevation model data (flat binary)HDR – header file for DEM (ASCII)DMW – world file (ASCII)STX – statistics file (ASCII)PRJ – projection information file (ASCII)GIF – shaded relief image (GIF format)SRC – source map (8-bit binary)SCH – header file for source map (ASCII)
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SDTS format
stands for Spatial Data Transfer Standardused by USGS for providing DEMs
SDTS was ratified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS 173). Compliance with FIPS 173 by federal agencies became mandatory in 1994
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National Elevation Dataset (NED)
provided by USGS using the Seamless Data Distribution Systemavailable formats
ArcGrid (integer data)GeoTIFFGridFloat (Arc floating point data)BIL (flat binary – band interleaved by line)
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SRTM data
distributed by the USGS EROS Data Centeravailable formats
ArcGrid (integer data)BIL (flat binary – band interleaved by line)GeoTIFF
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ESRI shape files
standard for vector databasis of what GIS is all aboutsupport point, line and area featuresattributes stored in dBase format
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netCDF format
stands for network Common Data Forman interface for array-oriented data accessa library that provides an implementation of the interface main format for atmospheric modelsmarine Geophysics data (gravity, magneticsand bathymetry)
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Software packages
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ArcGIS
comprehensive GIS packagegraphical user interface to Arc/Infodeveloped by ESRIruns on Windowshandles raster formats
GRIDGeoTIFFJPEGMrSIDERDAS Imagine
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ENVI 4.1
originally developed for hyperspectral datadeveloped by Research Systems Inc.image processing packageruns on all major platforms (Windows, Linux, Mac, various Unix flavors)handles all major raster and vector formatsinterfaces to all common remote sensing data
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ERDAS Imagine 8.7
full-blown remote sensing packagedeveloped by Leica Geosystemsruns on Windows and Solarishandles all major raster and vector formatsinterfaces to all common remote sensing datanext version supports ASF CEOS format
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ER Mapper 6.4
mapping and image processing packagedeveloped by Earth Resource Mapping runs on Windowshandles most common raster and vector formatsinterfaces for some remote sensing data
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Geomatica 9.1
remote sensing packagedeveloped by PCIruns on Windows, Linux, Solaris and Irixhandles all major raster and vector formatsinterfaces to common remote sensing data
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GeoMedia 5.2
focus on mapping and geospatial solutionsstrong link to Open GIS Consortium (OGC)developed by Intergraphruns on Windows
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GRASS 5.3
Geographic Resources Analysis Support SystemGIS package with image processing functionalityhandles common GIS formats and a few remote sensing formatsruns on Linux, Mac, various flavors of Unixfreeware
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ILWIS 3.2
stands for Integrated Land and Water Information Systemdeveloped at ITC, the Netherlandsremote sensing and GIS packageruns on Windowsshareware
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IDRISI Kilimanjaro
focus on environmental decision making with GISdeveloped by Clark Labs in Worcester, MassachusettsGIS and image processing packagehandles common data formatsinterfaces to selected remote sensing dataruns on Windows
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Nifty little helpers
supports a variety of raster formatsArc/Info BIL, BIP, BSQER MapperERDAS ImagineJPEGMrSID
free viewing tool (ERDAS) providing basic image viewing and manipulation capabilities
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Nifty little helpers
free viewing and mapping tool (ERDAS)
supports raster and vector formatsERDAS Imagine FilesESRI Shape FilesTagged Image File Format (TIFF)MrSIDJPEG
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Nifty little helpers
ExpressView Browser Plug-in (MrSID)for Internet Explorer and Netscapeability to natively display MrSid and JPEG2000
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Nifty little helpers
HDF-EOS toolsHDF-EOS to GeoTIFF converterGeneral Coordinate Transformation Package (GCTP)HDF Explorer – viewer for HDF-EOS and netCDF
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Nifty little helpers
Geomatica FreeViewhandles all common remote sensing data formatsbasic image viewing and analysis functions
free image viewing tool (PCI)
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Nifty little helpers
basic image viewing functionssupports raster formats
ER Mapper (incl. compressed)GeoTIFFESRI BILUSGS Digital Ortho QuadJPEG
free image viewing tool (ER Mapper)
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Take home message
there is a lot of stuff out thereno silver bullet that does it alllook at your needslook around – solutions don't have to be expensive
trend towards data integrationimage processing and enhanced analysisGIS is the keyword
data format of the moment: GeoTIFFgeneric data formatmeets most user's needs
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List of useful URLs
http://www.asf.alaska.edu/~rgens/teaching/data_sw.html