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Transcript of [csmate.colostate/cltw/cohortpages/viney_off/atom.jpg]
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ProtonsProtons
• Found in the nucleus.
• Equal the atomic number of an element.
• These always identify the element!
• + 1 Charge
• Atomic mass = 1 amu
[http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/try_this/helium.gif]
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NeutronsNeutrons
• Found in the nucleus.
• Atomic mass minus Atomic number equals # of neutrons
• Atomic mass = 1 amu
• No charge (neutral)
[http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/try_this/helium.gif]
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ElectronsElectrons
• Found in “clouds” around the nucleus
• Same number as the protons when the atom is neutral!
• -1 charge
• Atomic Mass = 0 amu
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Protons, Neutrons, & Protons, Neutrons, & ElectronsElectrons
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• Example: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the element Sodium have?
• p+ = 11 (the atomic number)
• n = 12 (mass – atomic number)
• e- = 11 (neutral atoms have same numbers of protons and electrons)
Protons, Neutrons, & ElectronsProtons, Neutrons, & Electrons
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• Example: What about Copper?
• p+ = 29
• Round the mass of 63.5 up to 64
• n = 35
• e- = 29
Protons, Neutrons, & ElectronsProtons, Neutrons, & Electrons
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IsotopesIsotopes
• Some atoms have a different mass because they have more or less neutrons than normal.
• Can be written two ways…
Carbon - 14Carbon - 12
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Isotopes of Hydrogen
Normal
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IsotopesIsotopes
• Example: How many p+, n, e-, are there in Chlorine – 37?
• p+ = 17 (atomic number)
• n = 20 (new mass – protons!)
• e- = 17 (neutral atom)
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IsotopesIsotopes• The atomic masses on the periodic table
are averages of all the known isotopes of certain elements.
75.5% 24.5%
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75.5% 24.5%
35 x 0.755 = 26.4337 x 0.245 = 9.07+
Periodic Table Mass = 35.5