Age Of CrisisAge Of Crisis

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850CaliforniaCalifornia

• Gold discovered in 1849Gold discovered in 1849, , mass exodus to California mass exodus to California begins.begins.– Numerous immigrants, Numerous immigrants,

including including Chinese, Koreans, Chinese, Koreans, and Japaneseand Japanese..

– California would push for California would push for statehood, bypassing the statehood, bypassing the usual status as a territory.usual status as a territory.

– Wants to enter as a Wants to enter as a free statefree state..• Whites, already worried about Whites, already worried about

the Asians, Native the Asians, Native Americans, and Mexicans, Americans, and Mexicans, do do not want more competition not want more competition for post-Gold Rush jobsfor post-Gold Rush jobs..

Poster For Passage To California, 1849

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/California_Gold_Rush_handbill.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850CaliforniaCalifornia

• Congress has a Congress has a problem.problem.– 1515 slave states, slave states,

1515 free states, free states, and the North and the North holds a House holds a House majority of 61 majority of 61 votes.votes.

– Half of Half of California rests California rests below below 36° 30´36° 30´..

Free & Slave States in 1846http://www.amren.com/ar/1995/09/map.gif

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850Last Stand of Clay, Calhoun, WebsterLast Stand of Clay, Calhoun, Webster

• The old sectional leaders The old sectional leaders square off one last time. square off one last time. – Clay would die in 1850, Clay would die in 1850,

Calhoun and Webster in Calhoun and Webster in 1852.1852.

– All have basically the All have basically the same goals: same goals: preserve the preserve the union without weakening union without weakening the position of their the position of their individual regionsindividual regions..

– Debates rage as the three Debates rage as the three try to keep the union try to keep the union together.together.

Clay, Douglas, & The Fugitive Slave Act Within The Compromise of 1850

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Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850The ProposalThe Proposal

• California is to be California is to be admitted as a admitted as a free statefree state..

• The rest of the Southwest The rest of the Southwest is to be organized is to be organized without without mention of slaverymention of slavery..– Both sides see it as an Both sides see it as an

opportunity for the future.opportunity for the future.– Compromise was written Compromise was written

with the “with the “charm of charm of ambiguityambiguity.”.”

• Texas-New Mexico border Texas-New Mexico border dispute is ended.dispute is ended.

California Gold Minershttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/willow/history-of-california0.gif

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850The ProposalThe Proposal

Map Of U.S. After Compromise Of 1850http://www.bhsonline.org/library/Teachers/kelleher/US%20History%20DBQs/Kansas-Nabraska%20Act

%20Meagan%20Staffiere/kansas-nebraska%20dbq%20documents_files/image001.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850The ProposalThe Proposal

• The federal government The federal government would would assume Texan assume Texan debtdebt built up during its built up during its time of independence.time of independence.

• Continue to allow Continue to allow slavery in Washington, slavery in Washington, D.C., but D.C., but ends slave ends slave tradingtrading in the area. in the area.

• A new A new Fugitive Slave Fugitive Slave ActAct is to be set. is to be set. Slave Auction

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/27/70527-004-C24BFDCB.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850New Sectional Leaders Emerge: NorthNew Sectional Leaders Emerge: North

Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas: “The Little Giant”

http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/215.jpg

William H. Sewardhttp://www.impeach-andrewjohnson.com/11BiographiesKeyIndividuals/

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Charles Sumnerhttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/

8/8e/230px-CSumner2.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850New Sectional Leaders Emerge: SouthNew Sectional Leaders Emerge: South

Thomas Hart Bentonhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/

Thomas_Hart_Benton_(senator)_2.jpg/499px-Thomas_Hart_Benton_(senator)_2.jpg

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davishttp://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/hamill/hamill40.gif

Robert Toombshttp://www.portagepub.com/00-rsrc/graphics/Toombs.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850Opposition & AcceptanceOpposition & Acceptance

• Clay and Calhoun Clay and Calhoun support the compromise support the compromise wholeheartedly.wholeheartedly.– Webster, Webster, expected to resistexpected to resist, ,

surprises Congress by surprises Congress by delivering one of the delivering one of the greatest speeches in greatest speeches in support of the compromise.support of the compromise.

– Webster sees it as the best Webster sees it as the best chance at preserving the chance at preserving the Union.Union.

– Webster is Webster is denounced by denounced by antislaveryantislavery supporters in the supporters in the North.North.

Clay’s Speech In Support Of The Compromise Of 1850

http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/compromise.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850Opposition & AcceptanceOpposition & Acceptance

• Taylor opposesTaylor opposes the the compromise.compromise.– Despite owning slaves, Despite owning slaves,

sees the expansion of sees the expansion of slavery as wrong.slavery as wrong.

– July 4, 1850, attends a July 4, 1850, attends a celebration, eats too celebration, eats too much, and dies of much, and dies of gastroenteritis.gastroenteritis.

– Millard Fillmore takes Millard Fillmore takes over.over.

• Anything to preserve Anything to preserve the Union. the Union.

13th POTUS Millard Fillmorehttp://truereligiondebate.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/president-fillmore-002.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850Opposition & AcceptanceOpposition & Acceptance

• Compromise would be Compromise would be pushed through pushed through Congress by Stephen Congress by Stephen Douglas.Douglas.– Very much like Clay in Very much like Clay in

1820, would be able to get 1820, would be able to get each section to pass it each section to pass it individually.individually.

– Only way to get the Only way to get the compromise passed was compromise passed was to introduce each aspect to introduce each aspect as a as a separate measure to separate measure to obtain different majoritiesobtain different majorities. .

Stephen Douglashttp://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/ihy9902342.jpg

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850Fugitive Slave Act of 1850Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• Allows the Allows the South to South to recover slaves from the recover slaves from the NorthNorth..– Becomes a rallying point Becomes a rallying point

for the North, who oppose for the North, who oppose Southern state laws Southern state laws extending into the North.extending into the North.

– South believes that the South believes that the North is not complying North is not complying with the law.with the law.

– Bitter feud erupts between Bitter feud erupts between individuals in the Senate individuals in the Senate and the House.and the House. 1851 Flier Warning Blacks Of

The Fugitive Slave Lawhttp://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=82603&rendTypeId=4

Compromise Of 1850Compromise Of 1850Fugitive Slave Act of 1850Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• Northerners resist, Northerners resist, including many including many African-American African-American leaders.leaders.– Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass,

usually mild-usually mild-mannered, stated that mannered, stated that the only way to make the only way to make the fugitive slave law a the fugitive slave law a ““dead letter…was to dead letter…was to make a few dead slave make a few dead slave catcherscatchers.” .”

Frederick Douglasshttp://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/images/4fred16b.jpg