Part3:ApplicationsandOpenIssues

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CommonsenseforMachineIntelligence:TexttoKnowledgeandKnowledgetoText

SmartCities

• A smartcity isanurbanareathatusesdifferenttypesofelectronicdatacollectionsensorstosupplyinformationusedtomanageassetsandresourcesefficiently[Source:Wiki]

• Energyefficiency,ubiquitousinformationaccess,pollutioncontrol,transparentgovernment,goodhealthcareetc.

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SmartCityCharacteristics

[Source:TUWien2015]

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PotentialRoleofCommonsenseKnowledge

• SmartEnvironment:Commonsense&relatedconceptsinpedestrianandtrafficsystems• SmartGovernment: Commonsenseinminingurbanlegislationfortransparencyingovt.• SmartLiving:Opinionminingwithcommonsensefromsocialmediadataonhealth,safetyetc.• SmartMobility:Autonomousvehicleswithcommonsenseknowledge• SmartPeople:Systemsentailingcommonsensefor21st centuryeducation• SmartEconomy:Useofcommonsense&worldknowledgeoneconomicsinpolicydecisions

[Note:Thesearejustafewexamples]4

CommonsenseforSmartEnvironment

• BusesinBarcelonarunonroutesdesignedtooptimizeenergyefficiency• StreetlightsinAmsterdambrighten&dimbasedonpedestrianusage• Makesuchsystemssmarterusingcommonsenseknowledge&reasoning• ThisenhancesSmartEnvironment

[Source:TUWien2015]

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CommonsenseforSmartGovernment

• Ordinances:Lawspassed&enactedatlocallevels• MineWeb-basedordinancedatatoanalyzeissuesaddressedetc.• Commonsensetoselectrelevantordinances,interpretcontent,mapordinancetodept.etc.• Answerquestions,e.g.,Whichdept.wasmostactiveinagivenordinancesession?• ThiscontributestoSmartGovt.

ALocalLawinrelationtothedateofsubmissionbytheMayoroftheproposedexecutivebudgetandbudgetmessage,thedateofsubmissionbytheBoroughPresidentsofrecommendationsinresponsetotheMayorexecutivebudget,thedateofpublicationofareportbythedirectoroftheindependentbudgetofficeanalyzing heexecutivebudget,thedatebywhichtheCouncilhearingspertainingtotheexecutivebudgetshallconclude,thedatebywhichiftheexpensebudgethasnotbeenadopted,theexpensebudgetandtaxrateadoptedasmodifiedforthecurrentfiscalyearshallbedeemedtohave......

[Source:NYCCouncilWebsites2017;Duetal.,2017]

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CommonsenseforSmartLiving

• Opinionminingfromsocialmedia,e.g.,Twitter• Commonsenseknowledgeforsimulatinghumanjudgementinminingtweets• Addresshealth&safetyissuesw.r.t.SmartLiving• E.g.,IndonesianPeatFiresaffectedSingaporeetc.• PollutantsPM2.5(particulatematter,diameter<2.5µm)harmfultolungs• Publictweetedonpollutantimpacts&controls• Sentimentanalysisforusersatisfactiononhealtheffects• Commonsenseusefulintweetselection&analysis

[Source:ForsythT.2014;Du,Emebo etal.2016]

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CommonsenseforSmartMobility• Ifautonomousvehicleshavecommonsense,theycanmakeintuitive,logicaldecisions• Thiswouldavoidaccidentse.g.TeslaModelS&truckin2016• Teslaconfusedtruckwithoverpassduetoheight&triedgoingthroughit,crashing!• CommonsensecanaugmentdomainKBstomakeautonomousvehiclessmarter• ThispromotesSmartMobility

[Source:Driggs-Campbelletal.2014,Persaud etal.2017]8

CommonsenseforSmartPeople• 21st centuryeducationaffectedbytechnology• Computerliteracyiscrucial• Commonsenseinrelevantsystemsishelpful• IntelligentTutoringSystems:moreinteractive;catertodifferentexpertiselevels• Writingaidsinmultiplelanguages:addresscollocationsetc.• Thispromotesinclusiveness&fostersglobaleducation,enhancingSmartPeople

[Source:Longetal.2011,Parketal.2008,Koedingeretal.,2013]

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CommonsenseforSmartEconomy

• Usecommonsensewithprinciplesofeconomicsfordepoliticizedtransparentpolicy• Balanceproductivity&energyefficiencyusingcommonsenseknowledgeofsystems• Economicprinciple:“Freecoolingcanbeusedtoreduceairconditioningindatacenters”• Commonsensefact:“Providedlocationdetailsaretakenintoaccount”

• Economicprinciple:“Morespendingonpublicschoolswillimprovestudentperformance”• Commonsensefact:“Aslongasthatspendingisdoneintheclassroom”

[Source:Leef etal.2007,Pawlish etal.2014]

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FurtherResearchonSmartCities&Commonsense

• Optimizedatacentersforsmartereconomy• Embedmorecommonsenseinstreetsystemsforsmarterenvironment• Buildbetterhealthcareappsforsmarterliving• EnhanceITS,writingaidswithcommonsensefacts,collocationsforsmarterpeople• Makeautonomousvehiclesatleastasgoodashumandriversforsmartermobility• Improveoverallurbanlegislationpoliciesforsmartergovernment

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References• Driggs-CampbellK.,ShiaV.,Bajcsy R.,“Decisionsforautonomousvehicles:Integratingsensors,communication,andcontrol”,ACMHiCoNS 2014,pp.59-60.

• Du,X.,Liporace,D.andVarde,A.,“UrbanLegislationAssessmentbyDataAnalyticswithSmartCityCharacteristics”,IEEEUEMCON2017,Toappear.

• Du,X.,Emebo,O.,Varde,A.,Tandon,N.,NagChowdhury,S.andWeikum,G.Airqualityassessmentfromsocialmediaandstructureddata:Pollutantsandhealthimpactsinurbanplanning,IEEEICDEHealthDataMgmt.&MiningWorkshop2016,pp.54-59.

• Forsyth,T.“Publicconcernsabouttransboundaryhaze:acomparisonofIndonesia,SingaporeandMalaysia.”, GlobalEnvironmentalChange2014,25:76-86.

• Koedinger,K.,Brunskill,E.,Baker,R.,McLaulin,E.andStamper,J.,NewPotentialsforData-DrivenIntelligentTutoringSystemDevelopmentandOptimization,AIMagazine2013,34(3):27-28.

• Leef,G.,SmartEconomics:CommonsenseAnswersto50QuestionsaboutGovernment,Taxes,BusinessandHouseholds,FoundationforEconomicEducation(FEE)2007.

• Long,P.,Siemens,G.,Penetratingthefog:Analyticsinlearning&education,Educause Review2011,46(5):31-40.• NewYorkCityCouncil- Legislation,Legistar.council.nyc.gov,2017• Park,T.,Lank,E.,Poupart,P.andTerry,M.,Istheskypuretoday- awkchecker:Anassistivetoolfordetectingandcorrectingcollocationerrors.ACMSymposiumonUserInterfaceSoftwareandTechnology2008,pp.121–130.

• Pawlish,M.,Varde,A.,Robila,S.andRanganathan,R.,Acallforenergyefficiencyindatacenters,SIGMODRecord2014,43(1):45-51.

• Persaud,P.,Varde,A.andRobila,S.,“EnhancingAutonomousVehicleswithCommonsense:SmartMobilityinSmartCities”,IEEEICTAISmartCitiesWorkshop2017,Toappear.

• ViennaUniversityofTechnology(TUWien),EuropeanSmartCities,Tech.Rep.,Vienna,Austria2015. 12

TutorialSummary• Part1:AcquiringCommonsenseKnowledge• Whatiscommonsense• Representingcommonsenseknowledge(CSK)• ProcessesinacquisitionofCSK• Evaluationmethods

• Part2:DetectingandCorrectingOddCollocationsinText• Meaningofcollocations• Treatmentofoddcollocations• Linguisticclassificationapproaches• Toolsfordetectionandcorrection

• Part3:ApplicationsandOpenIssues• Smartcitiesandtheircharacteristics• Roleofcommonsensetoenhancesmartcitycharacteristics• Specificapplicationswithscopeforfurtherresearch 13

Conclusions

• CommonsensehasmadepeoplesmarterJ

• Commonsenseismakingmachinessmarter!

• Commonsensewillmakesmartcitiessmarter…

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Questions

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