classes of food- isl 3

8/7/2019 classes of food- isl 3

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ASSALAMUALAIKUASSALAMUALAIKUMM

SALAM SEJAHTERASALAM SEJAHTERA


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The Classes of foodThe Classes of food

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

FunctionFunction to supplies energyto supplies energy

SourceSource rice , breadrice , bread ProteinProtein

FunctionFunction to body buildingto body building

SourceSource chicken, milkchicken, milk

FatFat

FunctionFunction to provides energyto provides energy

SourceSource oil cooking,margerinoil cooking,margerin


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FibreFibre

FunctionFunction to prevents constipationto prevents constipation

SourceSource vegetables , fruitsvegetables , fruits WaterWater

FunctionFunction to transports organicto transports organic

compounds and mineralcompounds and mineral

salts. Transports food andsalts. Transports food and

waste substanceswaste substances

SourceSource Fruit juicesFruit juices


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VitaminVitamin

FunctionFunction Prevents diseasesPrevents diseases

SourceSource eggs,vegetables,fruitseggs,vegetables,fruits

Mineral saltsMineral salts

FunctionFunction to preserves the bodyto preserves the body

healthhealthSourceSource meat, salts,milkmeat, salts,milk


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Vitamin AVitamin A

FunctionFunction for keeping skin,bones,teethfor keeping skin,bones,teethand hair strongand hair strong

-- for normal visionfor normal vision

SourceSource -- Eggs,milk,dairyEggs,milk,dairyproducts,liver,fish,vegetablesproducts,liver,fish,vegetables

such as carrots andsuch as carrots and

pumpkins,fruitspumpkins,fruits


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Vitamin BVitamin B

FunctionFunction For the breakdown of carbohydratesFor the breakdown of carbohydratesprotein and fats to release energyprotein and fats to release energy

-- For proper functioning of the heart andFor proper functioning of the heart and

the nervous systemthe nervous system

-- for normal growthfor normal growth

-- for the formation of red blood cellsfor the formation of red blood cells

SourceSource-- Eggs,milk,dairy products,yeast,liverEggs,milk,dairy products,yeast,liver

vegetables,fruits, wholevegetables,fruits, whole-- grain breadgrain bread

and cereals,meat,fish, legumes,nuts,and cereals,meat,fish, legumes,nuts,

potatoespotatoes


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Vitamin CVitamin C

FunctionFunction-- For healthy teeth and gumsFor healthy teeth and gums

-- Helps in iron absorption by bonesHelps in iron absorption by bones

-- For the formation of connectiveFor the formation of connective

tissuestissues

-- For healing wounds and fightingFor healing wounds and fighting

infectioninfection

SourceSource-- Citrus fruits ,potatoes,guavas,greenCitrus fruits ,potatoes,guavas,green

vegetables,mangoes, tomatoes.vegetables,mangoes, tomatoes.


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Vitamin DVitamin D

FunctionFunction-- To form strong bones and teethTo form strong bones and teeth

-- Promotes absorption of calciumPromotes absorption of calcium

and phosphorus in the intestinesand phosphorus in the intestines

SourceSource

-- Eggs,milk,dairy productc,liver,fish,Eggs,milk,dairy productc,liver,fish,

Vitamin D is also produced by ourVitamin D is also produced by our

skin cells in the presence of sunlight.skin cells in the presence of sunlight.


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Vitamin EVitamin E

FunctionFunction-- For maintaning healthy red bloodFor maintaning healthy red blood

cellscells

-- To resist diseasesTo resist diseasesSourceSource

-- Egg yolk,vegetablesEgg yolk,vegetables

oils,margarine,green and leafyoils,margarine,green and leafy

vegetables,wheat germ,wholevegetables,wheat germ,whole--graingrain

bread and cereals,seeds,nuts.bread and cereals,seeds,nuts.


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Vitamin KVitamin K

FunctionFunction

-- Helps in blood clothingHelps in blood clothing

SourceSource

-- Milk,liver,green and leafy vegetables.Milk,liver,green and leafy vegetables.Vitamin K is also produced by bacteriaVitamin K is also produced by bacteria

in our intestines.in our intestines.


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CalciumCalcium

FunctionFunction-- To form strong bones and teethTo form strong bones and teeth

-- Helps in blood clottingHelps in blood clotting

-- For nerve and muscle functionsFor nerve and muscle functionsSourceSource

-- Milk,cheese,butter,greenMilk,cheese,butter,green

vegetables, tofu,legumes,eggsvegetables, tofu,legumes,eggs


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IodineIodine

FunctionFunction-- To produce hormones ( chemicalTo produce hormones ( chemical

message )message )

SourceSource-- Seafood,green vegetables,iodisedSeafood,green vegetables,iodised

salt.salt.


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IronIron

FunctionFunction-- Formation of haemoglobin ( the redFormation of haemoglobin ( the red

pigment in red blood cells )pigment in red blood cells )

-- For transporting oxygen by red bloodFor transporting oxygen by red bloodcellscells

SourceSource

-- Liver,meat,seafood,eggs,leafyLiver,meat,seafood,eggs,leafy

vegetables,apricots,dried fruits ,vegetables,apricots,dried fruits ,

legumes.legumes.


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PhosphorusPhosphorus

FunctionFunction-- for making healthy bones and teethfor making healthy bones and teeth

-- for helping in the release of energyfor helping in the release of energy

SourceSource

-- Milk, cheese,butter,fish,eggs,poultry,Milk, cheese,butter,fish,eggs,poultry,

meat .meat .


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PotassiumPotassium

FunctionFunction-- for maintaining water balancefor maintaining water balance

-- for nerve and muscle functionsfor nerve and muscle functions

SourceSource-- Gains,fruits,vegetables,meat,Gains,fruits,vegetables,meat,

fishfish


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SodiumSodium

FunctionsFunctions-- for maintaining water balancefor maintaining water balance

-- for nerve and muscle functionsfor nerve and muscle functions

SourceSource-- Table salt,processed food,fish,Table salt,processed food,fish,

cheese,meatcheese,meat


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ASSALAMUALAIKUMASSALAMUALAIKUM

SALAM SEJAHTERASALAM SEJAHTERA


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Balance DietBalance Diet

A balance diet contains all classes ofA balance diet contains all classes offood in correct proportions are asfood in correct proportions are as

followfollow

70 % carbohydrate70 % carbohydrate

15 % protein15 % protein

15 % fat and sufficient quantity15 % fat and sufficient quantity

of vitamin and mineral.of vitamin and mineral.


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Why a balance diet isWhy a balance diet is

importantimportant A balance diet is very importantA balance diet is very important

because it provides sufficientbecause it provides sufficient

energy,prevents diseases andenergy,prevents diseases andmaintains good health.maintains good health.

Children and elderly people requireChildren and elderly people require

more protein to build new tissues.more protein to build new tissues. Pregnant mothers require morePregnant mothers require more

calcium,phosphorus and ironcalcium,phosphorus and iron


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Excessive intakeExcessive intake

Sugar can cause diabetesSugar can cause diabetes

Fat can cause heart disease and highFat can cause heart disease and highblood pressure.blood pressure.

Salt can cause heart disease and highSalt can cause heart disease and highblood pressure.blood pressure.

Lack of protein in children can causeLack of protein in children can causekwashiorkor.kwashiorkor.


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The quantity of energy needed by anThe quantity of energy needed by anindividual depends onindividual depends on

AgeAgeA teeneger who is actively growingA teeneger who is actively growingneeds more energy.needs more energy.

GenderGenderMen need more energy because they are more active inMen need more energy because they are more active intheir live.their live.

Body sizeBody sizeThe bigger the body is the more energy it requiresThe bigger the body is the more energy it requires

ActivityActivityA construction worker or a labour requires more energyA construction worker or a labour requires more energycompared to an office workercompared to an office worker

WeatherWeatherIn cold places more energy is needed to maintain theIn cold places more energy is needed to maintain thebody temperaturebody temperature


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Discuss aboutDiscuss about

The issue of junk foodThe issue of junk food statestatedisadvantagesdisadvantages

Food management ;Food management ;-- ObjectiveObjective

maintaining the nutrients of the foodmaintaining the nutrients of the food

and preventing food poisoningand preventing food poisoning-- Methods of preparing foodMethods of preparing food

-- The correct methods of cooking foodThe correct methods of cooking food

-- Methods of storing foodMethods of storing food


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Test for starchTest for starch

Iodine solutionIodine solution is used to test foris used to test forstarchstarch

The iodine solution will turn darkThe iodine solution will turn dark

blue if starch is presentblue if starch is present Mashed banana contains starchMashed banana contains starch

When 2When 2--3 drops of iodine solution is3 drops of iodine solution is

added into the mashed banana , itadded into the mashed banana , itturns dark blue to indicate theturns dark blue to indicate thepresence of starchpresence of starch


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Test for proteinTest for protein

Millons reagentMillons reagent is used to test foris used to test for proteinprotein

A dark red precipitateA dark red precipitate will form when thewill form when themixture of protein and the reagent ismixture of protein and the reagent is

heatedheated Egg white contains proteinEgg white contains protein

2 to 3 drops of the Millons reagent is2 to 3 drops of the Millons reagent isadded into the egg whiteadded into the egg white

When the solution is heated,aWhen the solution is heated,a dark reddark redprecipitateprecipitate will form to indicate thewill form to indicate thepresence of proteinpresence of protein


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Test for fatsTest for fats

Filter paperFilter paper is used to test for fatsis used to test for fats

Cooking oil contains fatsCooking oil contains fats

Some oil is smeared onto the filterSome oil is smeared onto the filterpaperpaper

The paper is then dried under theThe paper is then dried under the

flames of the Bunsen burnerflames of the Bunsen burner A translucent spot is formed on theA translucent spot is formed on the

filter paper to indicate the presencefilter paper to indicate the presenceof fatsof fats


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Human Digestive SystemHuman Digestive System Definition of food digestionDefinition of food digestion

A process of breaking down food intoA process of breaking down food intosmall , soluble molecules that can besmall , soluble molecules that can be

absorbed by the body(small intestine)absorbed by the body(small intestine)

The human digestive system consists ofThe human digestive system consists of

The alimentary canal which starts fromThe alimentary canal which starts from

mouth and followed by esophagus,mouth and followed by esophagus,stomach, small intestine,large intestinestomach, small intestine,large intestine

and anusand anus


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The organs which areThe organs which are

associatedassociated The organs which are associated with foodThe organs which are associated with food

digestion are thedigestion are the liver, gall bladder andliver, gall bladder andpancreas.pancreas.

Salivary glandsSalivary glands in the mouth.in the mouth. The process ofThe process of peristalsisperistalsis is carried out byis carried out by

the muscle of the walls of thethe muscle of the walls of theoesophogus,stomach,duodenum,smalloesophogus,stomach,duodenum,small

intestine and large intestine.intestine and large intestine. The muscle of the wallThe muscle of the wall contractcontract andand dilatedilate

alternately. This will push the food alongalternately. This will push the food alongthe alimentary canal.the alimentary canal.


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Digestion in the mouthDigestion in the mouth

Physical digestionPhysical digestion..

Food is broken down into smallFood is broken down into smallpieces by the teeth.pieces by the teeth.

Chemical digestionChemical digestion

The saliva which is alkaline andThe saliva which is alkaline andcontains an enzyme called amylasecontains an enzyme called amylasechanges starch to maltose.changes starch to maltose.


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Digestion in the stomachDigestion in the stomach

Hydrochloric acidsHydrochloric acids kills bacteria andkills bacteria andneutralizes the saliva to unable theneutralizes the saliva to unable the

enzymesenzymes pepsin and renninpepsin and rennin to react.to react. RenninRennin coagulates milk proteincoagulates milk protein

PepsinPepsin digests the protein to peptonedigests the protein to peptone


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Digestion in the duodenumDigestion in the duodenum

Bile saltBile salt from the liver neutralizes thefrom the liver neutralizes theacidic mixture from the stomach andacidic mixture from the stomach and

mix the fatmix the fat

Pancreatic juicePancreatic juice contains enzymes,contains enzymes,

which digestwhich digest fat,carbohydrate andfat,carbohydrate andpeptonepeptone


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Digestion in the small intestineDigestion in the small intestine

Four alkaline enzymes are produced to digest allFour alkaline enzymes are produced to digest allcomplex sugars into glucosecomplex sugars into glucose

SucraseSucrase

Sucrose to glucoseSucrose to glucose MaltaseMaltase

Maltose to glucoseMaltose to glucose

LactaseLactase

Lactose to glucose and galactoseLactose to glucose and galactose LipaseLipase

Fat to fat acidic and glycerolFat to fat acidic and glycerol

TheThe erepsin enzymeerepsin enzyme digest peptone into aminodigest peptone into amino

acidacid


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The flow of food particles inThe flow of food particles in

the alimentary canalthe alimentary canalMouth

Duodenum

Small IntestineLarge IntestineAnus

Oesophagus Stomach


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Characteristics of enzymesCharacteristics of enzymes

Types of proteins that act asTypes of proteins that act ascatalysts to speed up the digestioncatalysts to speed up the digestionprocessprocess

Digest only one type of certain foodDigest only one type of certain food

Unchanged or destroyed by reactionUnchanged or destroyed by reactionwith foodwith food

Functions at a certain acidic orFunctions at a certain acidic oralkaline condition and at the bodyalkaline condition and at the bodytemperature of 37temperature of 37 00 CC


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Absorption of digestive productAbsorption of digestive product Digested food will be absorbed into the bloodDigested food will be absorbed into the blood

stream and lymphatic glandstream and lymphatic gland

On the wall of the small intestine,absorptionOn the wall of the small intestine,absorptiontakes place through the thin and semipermeabletakes place through the thin and semipermeable

villi.villi. The villi on the wall of the small intestine increaseThe villi on the wall of the small intestine increase

the surface area of the small intestinethe surface area of the small intestine

Blood capillaries and the villi lacteal transport theBlood capillaries and the villi lacteal transport thedigested food out quickly and efficientlydigested food out quickly and efficiently

Only digested food,mineral salts,and vitamin inOnly digested food,mineral salts,and vitamin inthe form of small molecules are able to penetratethe form of small molecules are able to penetratethe wall of the villithe wall of the villi


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Digested food is dividedDigested food is divided

into two groupinto two group Group AGroup A

Simple sugar,acid amino,mineralSimple sugar,acid amino,mineral

salts,vitamin B and C thatsalts,vitamin B and C that

dissolve in waterdissolve in water

. Group B. Group B

Fatty acids,glycerol,vitaminFatty acids,glycerol,vitamin

A,D,E,K that dissolves in fat.A,D,E,K that dissolves in fat.


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The flow of digested foodThe flow of digested food

Digested food

Group A

Blood Capillary

Liver

Circulatory System

Respiration

Group B

Lacteal

Lymphatic System

AssimilationBody Cell


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Process of defecationProcess of defecation

Undigested substancesUndigested substances such as fibressuch as fibresmove into the large intestinemove into the large intestine

Excess waterExcess water is absorbed through theis absorbed through thelarge intestine wall and thelarge intestine wall and theremaining undigested solid thatremaining undigested solid that

remain are call faecesremain are call faeces FaecesFaeces will be removed through thewill be removed through the

anus in a process called defecationanus in a process called defecation


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Problem of DefecationProblem of Defecation

The difficulty of removing the faeces isThe difficulty of removing the faeces isknown asknown as constipationconstipation

It is caused by theIt is caused by the lack of water and fibrelack of water and fibre

in our foodin our food Water is important because it makes theWater is important because it makes the

faeces softer,not too dry or stick to thefaeces softer,not too dry or stick to theinternal wall of the large intestineinternal wall of the large intestine

Eat more fruitsEat more fruits which contain a lot ofwhich contain a lot offibres and vegetables to get more cellulosefibres and vegetables to get more cellulosewhich can assist the faeces to move alongwhich can assist the faeces to move alongthe large intestinethe large intestine


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classes of food- isl 3

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