City Fire Innovation and Efficiency Study 2012

7/31/2019 City Fire Innovation and Efficiency Study 2012

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Kbakkj kbmokp~! Mb~r F~~ipjkr ]obpakr Mijmiabji! Mb~r Makph P{}}kaa Ckop! Mb~r pkf}{pk

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Mb~r ic ]fmpfdkj~iMb~r Mi{jmba

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bd|pisk kccbmbkjmr r mofjebje ~ok nk|airdkj~ |pi~imia} cip cbpk fjn kdkpekjmr dknbmfa

}kpsbmk} /KD]"! jkei~bf~bje ub~o afìp f}}imbf~bij} ~i mij~pia mkp~fbj |kp}ijjka mi}~}!

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|i}b~bij} ~of~ ni ji~ pkv{bpk }uipj }~fcc* I||ip~{jb~bk} ~i bjmpkf}k pkskj{k} f}}imbf~kn ub~o

cbpk fjn kdkpekjmr dknbmfa }kpsbmk} fa}i ukpk bnkj~bcbkn*

ôb} pk|ip~ mij~fbj} 6= pkmiddkjnf~bij} nk}bejkn ~i oka| ~ok ]fmpfdkj~i Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~

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}fsbje} fjn `k~ukkj .6 dbaabij fjn .0 dbaabij bj jku pkskj{k}* Fmobksbje }fsbje} bj ~oknkabskpr ic }kpsbmk} ubaa pkv{bpk ji~ ijar f mijmkp~kn kccip~ `r ~ok Mb~r} kakm~kn fjn f||ibj~kn

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Cbpk Bjjisf~bij fjn Kccbmbkjmr ]~{nr

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Kxkm{~bsk ]{ddfpr ********************************************************************************************************************************** 6

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Nim{dkj~ Pksbku **************************************************************************************************************************** 3

Bj~kpsbku} ****************************************************************************************************************************************** 3

@kjmodfphbje *********************************************************************************************************************************** 3

\pigkm~ ]~kkpbje Middb~~kk ************************************************************************************************************ ?

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Uiphaifn Mid|fpb}ij} ************************************************************************************************************* 6=

Afìp Mi}~ Npbskp} ************************************************************************************************************************* 6;

Pk~bpkdkj~ @kjkcb~} ******************************************************************************************************************* 63

Iskp~bdk *********************************************************************************************************************************** 63

Bjmkj~bsk \fr **************************************************************************************************************************** 62

Fmobksbje Kccbmbkjmbk} ~opi{eo Nk|airdkj~ ***************************************************************************** 05

Fd`{afjmk ]~fccbje ****************************************************************************************************************** 05

Kjebjk Mid|fjr ]~fccbje ********************************************************************************************************* ==

Fnnb~bijfa Kccbmbkjmr I||ip~{jb~bk} ******************************************************************************************* >0

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Bjcipdf~bij ^kmojiaier /B^" **************************************************************************************************** >=

Mij}iabnf~bij ic Ukkn F`f~kdkj~ C{jm~bij} *************************************************************************** >3

Pkskj{k Kjofjmkdkj~} **************************************************************************************************************** >5

[}kp Ckk} *********************************************************************************************************************************** >5

\fpfdknbm)Fd`{afjmk ]{`}mpb|~bij \piepfd ************************************************************************* >2

]fsbje} cpid Kccbmbkjmbk} fjn Bjjisf~bij} *************************************************************************************** ;6

F~~fmodkj~ Ab}~ ic Pkmiddkjnf~bij} ********************************************************************************************* ;=


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Kxkm{~bsk ]{ddfpr Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp}

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0

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rkfp*

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|fr} |pisbnkn* F mid|fpb}ij ic `f}k }fafpbk} }oiu} ~of~ cbpkcbeo~kp}!

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ui{an dfhk }fafpbk} dipk mid|k~b~bsk ub~o ~ok dfphk~ ub~oi{~

}bejbcbmfj~ar bjmpkf}bje mi}~}*

F dfgip i||ip~{jb~r cip bd|piskn kccbmbkjmr b} |i}}bàk r mofjebje ~ok

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}k~~akdkj~ fepkkdkj~ ub~o ]fmpfdkj~i Mi{j~r pkv{bpk} ~of~ faafd`{afjmk} |pisbnbje fnsfjmkn abck }{||ip~ /FA]" }kpsbmk} k }~fcckn

ub~o f~ akf}~ ijk mkp~bcbkn |fpfdknbm! ~ok Mb~r mi{an pkn{mk mi}~} ub~oi{~

mid|pidb}bje }kpsbmk v{fab~r r pk|afmbje ijk cbpkcbeo~kp)|fpfdknbm

ub~o f jij$}uipj mkp~bcbkn kdkpekjmr dknbmfa ~kmojbmbfj /KD^"* ôb}

}~fccbje dinka b} kbje {~babwkn }{mmk}}c{aar bj i~okp midd{jb~bk} fjn

ui{an ekjkpf~k f||pixbdf~kar .=!=6>!=6< bj }fsbje}*

Fjfar}b} ic mfaa sia{dk}! |i|{af~bij nkj}b~r fjn mfaa} cip }kpsbmk

bjnbmf~k} ~of~ ]fmpfdkj~i mi{an pkn{mk }~fccbje ij }kskj ic b~} 0> kjebjk

mid|fjbk} cpid ci{p ~i ~opkk |kp}ij} bj dipk }{`{p`fj fpkf} ub~o

dbjbdfa bd|fm~ ij }kpsbmk mf|f`bab~r ip pk}|ij}k ~bdk}* ôb} ui{an

pk}{a~ bj ~ok pkn{m~bij ic 06 }uipj |kp}ijjka f~ fj fjj{fa k}~bdf~kn

}fsbje} ic .0!26=!5;


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.?*3 ~i .2*3 dbaabij |kp rkfp* Fj f~~fmodkj~ |pisbnk} f }{ddfpr ic ~ok

pkmiddkjnf~bij}*


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@fmhepi{jn Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp}

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ôk ]fmpfdkj~i Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~ /]CN" b} f c{aa$}kpsbmk |pisbnkp ic cbpk

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Cbpk \pi~km~bij Nb}~pbm~ fjn ~ok \fmbcbm Cp{b~pbnek Cbpk \pi~km~bij Nb}~pbm~*

]kpsbmk b} |pisbnkn cpid 0> }~f~bij} {}bje ~ok ciaaiubje f||fpf~{}7 0=

kjebjk} }~fcckn ub~o ci{p$|kp}ij mpku} fjn ijk kjebjk ub~o f ~opkk$

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fd`{afjmk}! }~fcckn ub~o ~ui cbpkcbeo~kp)|fpfdknbm}* ôk ]CN fa}i of}

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pk}|ij}k* Faa }uipj cbpk |kp}ijjka fpk ~pfbjkn fjn mkp~bcbkn f} kdkpekjmr

dknbmfa ~kmojbmbfj}* F||pixbdf~kar =>5 /i{~ ic f ~i~fa ic ;>5 }uipj" ip

3=*>+ fa}i |i}}k}} |fpfdknbm mkp~bcbmf~bij*

ôk Mb~r ic ]fmpfdkj~i of} kkj {cck~kn r ~ok di}~ mofaakjebje cb}mfa~bdk} ~i cfmk aimfa eiskpjdkj~ }bjmk ~ok Epkf~ Nk|pk}}bij ic ~ok 62=


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@fmhepi{jn Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp}

;

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ekjkpfa c{jn kx|kjnb~{pk}*

Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp} mijn{m~kn f mb~rubnk cbjfjmbfa fjn i|kpf~bijfapksbku ic ~ok Mb~r bj 02 pkmiddkjnf~bij} cip

bjmpkf}bje pkskj{k} fjn bd|pisbje kccbmbkjmr* Kbeo~ ic ~ok

pkmiddkjnf~bij} ukpk f||abmfàk ~i ~ok ]CN* ôkr ukpk7

6* Fni|~ fj bd|akdkj~ fjn fd`{afjmk }{`}mpb|~bij |piepfd*0* K}~fàb}o f ckk }mokn{ak cip Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~ mid|fjr bj}|km~bij}*=* Bd|akdkj~ ~opkk |kp}ij} |kp kjebjk f~ }~f~bij} uokpk ~ok

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dfhk} ~ob} f ckf}bàk fa~kpjf~bsk*

>* Pk|afmk ~ui ~p{mh mid|fjbk} ub~o ijk fnnb~bijfa kjebjkmid|fjr fjn ijk fnnb~bijfa fd`{afjmk {jb~*

;* Mofjek ~ok bjb~bfa pk}|ij}k mijcbe{pf~bij cip cbpk mfaa} ~i pkn{mk~ok j{d`kp ic kv{b|dkj~ fjn skobmak} bjb~bfaar nb}|f~mokn*

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?* Kabdbjf~k ijk n{~r f~~fabij /~opkk |i}b~bij}" fjn pk}~p{m~{pk cbpkmid|fjbk} bj~i ~opkk f~~fabij}*

Pkmiddkjnf~bij} >! 3 fjn ? ukpk }{`}kv{kj~ar bd|akdkj~kn* ôk

|{p|i}k ic ~ob} |pigkm~ uf} ~i `{ban {|ij i{p 0


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\pigkm~ F||pifmo Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp}

3

\pigkm~ F||pifmo

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mijn{m~kn bj~kpsbku} ub~o ]CN fjn Cbjfjmk Nk|fp~dkj~ }~fcc! mijn{m~kn

`kjmodfphbje ub~o mid|fpfàk fekjmbk} fjn miaafìpf~kn ub~o f |pigkm~

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kfmo ic ~ok}k mid|ijkj~}*

Nim{dkj~ Pksbku

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pk|ip~}! }~fccbje |iabmbk}! afìp f}}imbf~bij fepkkdkj~}! skjnip mij~pfm~}!

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ôk |{p|i}k ic ~ok bj~kpsbku} uf} ~i ef~okp bnkf} cip pkskj{k

kjofjmkdkj~}! }kpsbmk nkabskpr mofjek}! kx|kjnb~{pk mij~pia} fjn }obc~}!

fjn i~okp i||ip~{jb~bk} fjn mij}~pfbj~} cip bd|pisbje ~ok kccbmbkjmr ic

~ok nk|fp~dkj~*

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Cbjfjmbfa fjn ipefjbwf~bijfa kjmodfphbje uf} mijn{m~kn ub~o }bx |kkp

fekjmbk}* Mpb~kpbf {}kn ~i bnkj~bcr pkaksfj~ fekjmbk} cip mid|fpb}ij

bjma{nkn |i|{af~bij! ~i~fa }kpsbmk fpkf! cbpk nk|fp~dkj~ i|kpf~bje {nek~!j{d`kp ic }~f~bij}! j{d`kp ic obeo$pb}k {banbje}! fjn ~ok |pisb}bij ic

cbpk }kpsbmk} i{~}bnk ~ok fekjmr} g{pb}nbm~bijfa i{jnfpbk}*


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5

^ui fekjmbk}! Pi}ksbaak fjn ~ok ]fmpfdkj~i Dk~pi|iab~fj Cbpk Nb}~pbm~

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|pixbdb~r* ^f`ak 6 `kaiu }oiu} ~ok pkaksfj~ |kkp}! ~okbp }bwk fjn

|i|{af~bij} }kpskn fjn CR 0


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\pigkm~ ]~kkpbje Middb~~kk

î |pisbnk e{bnfjmk fjn iskp}beo~! f |pigkm~ }~kkpbje middb~~kk uf}

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bjcipdf~bij mpb~bmfa ~i i{p fjfar}b}* ôk ]~kkpbje Middb~~kk mij}b}~kn ic

~ok ciaaiubje bjnbsbn{fa}*

Dfx Ckpjfjnkw! Midd{jb~r Nkskai|dkj~ Nbpkm~ip Pfr Gijk}! Cbpk Mobkc Pbmh Dfp~bjkw! Iccbmk ic Kdkpekjmr ]kpsbmk} Mobkc Dfph \pk}~ubmo! ]|kmbfa \pigkm~} Dfjfekp


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Fjfar}b} fjn Pkmiddkjnf~bij} Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp}

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ôk fjfar}b} ic ~ok ]fmpfdkj~i Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~ fjn i||ip~{jb~bk} ~i

bd|pisk kccbmbkjmr b} ipefjbwkn bj~i ~ok ciaaiubje }km~bij}7

Mid|fpb}ij} ub~o I~okp Fekjmbk} Afìp Mi}~ Npbskp} Fmobksbje Kccbmbkjmbk} ~opi{eo Nk|airdkj~ Fnnb~bijfa Kccbmbkjmr I||ip~{jb~bk} Pkskj{k Kjofjmkdkj~}

Kfmo b} |pk}kj~kn bj nk~fba `kaiu*

Mid|fpb}ij} ub~o I~okp Fekjmbk}

]fmpfdkj~i uf} mid|fpkn ~opi{eo kjmodfphbje ub~o }kskpfa i~okp

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|i}b~bij ub~o pk}|km~ ~i kx|kjnb~{pk}! }~fccbje fjn uiphaifn*

Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp} {}kn |{àbmar fsfbafàk pk}i{pmk} ~i i`~fbj

fni|~kn CR 0


21/64



6 |pk}kj~} cbpk i|kpf~bje mi}~} |kp C^K fjn }oiu} ~of~ ]fmpfdkj~i

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33/64



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34/64



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Cbe{pk 6>*Bjmkj~bsk \fr Fskpfek Mi}~ |kp Kd|airkk

Fji~okp cfm~ip mij~pb`{~bje ~i bjmkj~bsk |fr mi}~} cip ]fmpfdkj~i b} ~of~

dfjr ic ~ok}k bjmkj~bsk |fr} mfj `k mid|i{jnkn* I~okp fekjmbk}

kd|air f sfpbk~r ic }~pf~kebk} cip abdb~bje bjmkj~bsk |fr! bjma{nbje ~ok

ciaaiubje*

Ifhafjn cbpk |kp}ijjka dfr v{fabcr cip ijar ijk bjmkj~bsk |fr f~ f~bdk! fjn ijar ~opkk fpk |pisbnkn* ôkr fpk cip fndbjb}~pf~bsk!

ofwfpni{} df~kpbfa} pk}|ij}k fjn |fpfdknbm f}}bejdkj~}*

Aije @kfmo faaiu} kd|airkk} ~i v{fabcr cip d{a~b|ak bjmkj~bsk|fr} `{~ mf|} ~ok dfxbd{d kfpjbje} fdi{j~ f~ 5*;+ ic `f}k

}fafpr*

Cpk}ji kd|airkk} uoi v{fabcr cip dipk ~ofj ijk ~r|k ic|pkdb{d |fr pkmkbsk ijar ~ok afpek}~ ic ~ok |fr fdi{j~} cip

uobmo ~okr fpk kabebàk*

Pi}ksbaak fjn ]fmpfdkj~i Dk~pi ni ji~ faaiu bjmkj~bsk |fr} ~i `kmid|i{jnkn f~ faa*

.?!>22

.5!?26

.5!

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.=!3>=

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Bjmkj~bsk |fr} }oi{an pkcakm~ f nim{dkj~kn {}bjk}} jkkn fjn }oi{an k

mij}bnkpkn uokj dfhbje }fafpr mid|fpb}ij} ~i k}~fàb}o f||pi|pbf~k

mid|kj}f~bij akska}* Bc fj bjmkj~bsk |fr b} pkmkbskn `r sbp~{faar faa

kd|airkk} bj f maf}}bcbmf~bij! fjn ~ok Mb~r nk~kpdbjk} b~ }kpsk} fj

bd|ip~fj~ {}bjk}} jkkn! b~ }oi{an k fnnkn ~i f}k mid|kj}f~bij ~i

|pi|kpar pkcakm~ b~ f} }{mo*

Bj ~ok mf}k ic ]CN! bjmkj~bsk |fr} dfr ofsk oka|kn mid|kj}f~k cip

aiukp$~ofj$dfphk~ }fafpr akska}* Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp} i`~fbjkn `f}k

}fafpr bjcipdf~bij cip }uipj cbpk maf}}bcbmf~bij} cpid kfmo ic ~ok |kkp

fekjmbk} ~i ~k}~ ~ob} i`}kpsf~bij*

Cbe{pk 6; mid|fpk} f}k }fafpbk} cip f~~fabij mobkc} fjn }oiu} ~of~

]fmpfdkj~i b} ub~obj ~ok jipd! fa~oi{eo }abeo~ar kaiu ~ok dknbfj*

Cbe{pk 6;*Mid|fpb}ij ic @f}k ]fafpbk} cip @f~~fabij Mobkc

Oiukskp! f}k }fafpr nbcckpkjmk} k~ukkj ]fmpfdkj~i fjn ~ok pkaksfj~

fekjmbk} fpk dipk |piji{jmkn `kaiu ~ok akska ic `f~~fabij mobkc* Cbe{pk

6; mid|fpk} f}k }fafpbk} cip mf|~fbj} fjn }oiu} ~of~ ]fmpfdkj~i

mf|~fbj} ofsk ~ok aiuk}~ f}k }fafpr! ub~o Cpk}ji ijar dfpebjfaar obeokp*

.66!30 .?!>>5 .?!=;6 .?!6?6

.5!3;?.?!33=

.3

.

ôk j{d`kp ic |kp}ij} }~fccbje kjebjk fjn ~p{mh mid|fjbk} bj cbpk

nk|fp~dkj~} of} kkj ~ok }{`gkm~ ic j{dkpi{} }~{nbk}* Bj ekjkpfa dipk

b} `k~~kp8 ~of~ b} cbsk |kp}ij} fpk `k~~kp ~ofj ci{p! uobmo b} `k~~kp ~ofj

~opkk* Oiukskp! obeokp }~fccbje akska} fpk `r cfp di}~ `kjkcbmbfa bj

niuj~iuj fpkf} ub~o d{a~b$}~ipr {banbje} fjn obeokp pb}h imm{|fjmbk}*

ôkpk b} d{mo ak}} `kjkcb~ ~i }~fccbje fìsk f ~opkk$|kp}ij akska uokj

nkfabje ub~o }bjeak }~ipr imm{|fjmbk} f}}imbf~kn ub~o }{`{p`fj fpkf}*

ôk di}~ ic~kj mb~kn pk}kfpmo b} ~of~ ic ~ok Nfaaf} ]~{nr! mijn{m~kn `r

~ok Mb~r ic Nfaaf} Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~* ob} }~{nr dkf}{pkn ~ok fdi{j~ ic

~bdk b~ ~iih cip f cbp}~$pk}|ijnkp mpku ~i mid|ak~k hkr ~f}h} pkv{bpkn ic f

}bjeak }~ipr pk}bnkj~bfa }~p{m~{pk ic 0


46/64



=;

}~f~b}~bm f} f e{bnkabjk! Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp} bnkj~bcbkn ]CN kjebjk

mid|fjbk} pk}|ijnbje ~i ak}} ~ofj =!


47/64



=3

Kjebjk} 0! >! 3! 5! 6

~ofj =!


48/64



=5

Cbe{pk 00*\i|{af~bij `r Mkj}{} @aimh cip 0


49/64



=?

Cbe{pk 0=*]~p{m~{pk Nkj}b~r Fjfar}b} cip 0 b} f df| }oiubje ~ok mijmkj~pf~bij ic obeo$pb}k }~p{m~{pk} bj

]fmpfdkj~i*


50/64



=2

Cbe{pk 0>*Obeo Pb}k @{banbje Aimf~bij}

]i{pmk7 ]fmpfdkj~i Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~*


51/64



>! Kjebjk} 6! ; fjn

6> ofsk obeokp mfaa sia{dk} |kp }v{fpk dbak fjn pk}|ijn ~i fpkf} bj mai}k

|pixbdb~r ~i ~ok dfgip obeo$pb}k {banbje mid|akxk} ub~obj ~ok Mb~r*

^okpkcipk kjebjk mid|fjbk} f~ ~oi}k }~f~bij} fpk ji~ pkmiddkjnkn cip

}~fccbje pkn{m~bij}! bj }|b~k ic ~okbp aiukp mfaa sia{dk}*

^pfska ^bdk cip @fmh$[| ]{||ip~

Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp} pksbkukn ob}~ipbmfa nb}|f~mo nf~f ~i mfam{af~k ~ok

fskpfek fdi{j~ ic ~bdk b~ ~fhk} f |fp~bm{afp kjebjk mid|fjr ~i pkmkbsk

`fmh${| }{||ip~ cpid f }kmijn kjebjk mid|fjr* I{p pksbku nbn ji~

bjma{nk fnnb~bijfa pk}|ij}k} cpid ~p{mh mid|fjbk}! |fpfdknbm {jb~} ip

f{~idf~bm fbn pk}i{pmk} ~of~ ui{an `k bjsiaskn bj f ~r|bmfa }~p{m~{pk cbpk

pk}|ij}k*

^f`ak 3 }oiu} ~ok fskpfek pk}|ij}k ~bdk cip kfmo kjebjk fjn ~ok fskpfek

pk}|ij}k ~bdk cip `fmh${| }{||ip~ `f}kn ij 07


52/64



>6

Kjebjk

Fskpfek

Pk}|ij}k ^bdk

/dbj{~k}7

}kmijn}

]kmijn N{k Kjebjk

Fskpfek Pk}|ij}k

^bdk Nbcckpkjmk

63 >7>? ;7=0 >

65 ;76; 37=6 6763

6? ;7>? 57

>= 37>5 ?766 670>

;3 >7=3 ;7>= 67 0 }kmijn} /~ok obeo"*

@f}kn ij i{p fjfar}b} ic ob}~ipbmfa nf~f! }kskj kjebjk mid|fjbk} mi{an kmijskp~kn ~i ~opkk$|kp}ij mid|fjbk} ub~o ~ok akf}~ fdi{j~ ic bd|fm~ ~i

~ok pk}bnkj~} }kpskn ub~obj ~okbp pk}|km~bsk nb}~pbm~}* ^fàk 5 ab}~} ~okd*

^fàk 5* Kjebjk Mid|fjbk} ]{b~fàk cip Mijskp}bij cpid Ci{p$ ~i ôpkk$\kp}ij ]~fccbjeKjebjk Mid|fjr

?

66

60

6=

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=0

ôk ]CN} m{ppkj~ pk}|ij}k ~i f }bjeak$cfdbar }~p{m~{pk cbpk b} ~opkk

kjebjk}! ~ui afnnkp ~p{mh} fjn ~ui `f~~fabij mobkc}* ôb} |afmk} 00

|kp}ij} f~ ~ok cbpk epi{jn cip pk}|ij}k* JC\F E{bnkabjk 656< mfaa} cip

~ok |pisb}bij ic f dbjbd{d ic 6; |ki|ak ij ~ob} ~r|k ic pk}|ij}k ~i

kj}{pk cbpkcbeo~kp }fck~r uobak ~ok db}}bij b} kxkm{~kn*

Bc ~ok }~fccbje mofjek} pkmiddkjnkn cip ~ok}k }kskj mid|fjbk} fpk

bd|akdkj~kn! ~ok ~i~fa j{d`kp ic cbpkcbeo~bje |kp}ijjka ij fj bjb~bfa

pk}|ij}k ui{an `k 62! kskj bc faa ic ~ok pk}|ijnbje kjebjk} ofsk `kkj

mijskp~kn ~i ~opkk$|kp}ij mid|fjbk}* ôkpkcipk! mijskp~bje ~ok }kskj

kjebjk mid|fjbk} ~i ~opkk$|kp}ij mpku} ui{an }~baa kjfàk ~ok ]CN ~i

kxmkkn ~ok}k }fck~r }~fjnfpn} n{pbje pk}bnkj~bfa }~p{m~{pk cbpk pk}|ij}k}

`r f }{`}~fj~bfa fdi{j~*

Pkn{mbje }~fccbje ij }kskj kjebjk mid|fjbk} cpid ci{p ~i ~opkk |kp}ij}

ui{an pk}{a~ bj f pkn{m~bij ic 06 }uipj |i}b~bij}* F~ fj fjj{fa mi}~ ic.60>!6

{}kc{a abck fjn bjmpkf}k} dfbj~kjfjmk pk|fbp mi}~}* Bj dfjr mf}k} f cbpk

mfaa b} mfjmkaakn `kmf{}k ji cbpk b} fm~{faar ~fhbje |afmk*


54/64



>=

F dipk kccbmbkj~ f||pifmo b} ~i {}k f ~bkpkn nb}|f~mo |pi~imia ~of~ }kjn} f

}dfaakp j{d`kp ic |kp}ijjka cip bjb~bfa pk}|ij}k `f}kn ij ~ok ~r|k ic

bjmbnkj~! fjn fnn} dipk {jb~} ijmk ~ok jkkn b} mijcbpdkn `r ~ok {jb~}

fppbsbje cbp}~ ij }mkjk* Bd|akdkj~bje f ~bkpkn nb}|f~mo |pi~imia ui{an

pkn{mk ~ok kdkpekjmr pk}|ij}k} cip ~p{mh mid|fjbk} fjn |pisbnk f dipk

pkfab}~bm uiph aifn ic kdkpekjmr pk}|ij}k}* /ôk m{ppkj~ nf~f fpk

nb}~ip~kn r ~ok okfsr pk}|ij}k j{d`kp} ekjkpf~kn r iskp pk}|ij}k

aifn} ~i pk}bnkj~bfa }~p{m~{pk cbpk}*" B~ ui{an fa}i hkk| dipk |bkmk} ic

f||fpf~{} bj |afmk ~i |pisbnk f cf}~kp pk}|ij}k ~i d{a~b|ak bjmbnkj~}*

Bd|akdkj~bje ~bkpkn nb}|f~mo pk}|ij}k }oi{an fa}i ofsk f mippk}|ijnbje

bjmpkf}k bj ~ok f`bab~r ic kjebjk} fjn ~p{mh} ~i dfjfek mid|fjr

bj}|km~bij} fjn ~pfbjbje* B~ }oi{an fa}i ofsk f |i}b~bsk bd|fm~ ij ~ok

fsfbaf`bab~r ic fd`{afjmk}! }oi{an f pksbku ic ~ok fafpd pk}|ij}k} cbjn

~of~ dipk ~ofj ijk fd`{afjmk b} `kbje nb}|f~mokn ~i {jjkmk}}fpr fafpd}*ôk ]fmpfdkj~i Pkebijfa Cbpk)KD] Midd{jbmf~bij} Mkj~kp /]PCKMM" b}

f gibj~ |iukp} fekjmr |pisbnbje cbpk fjn KD] nb}|f~mo ~opi{eoi{~

]fmpfdkj~i Mi{j~r f} ukaa f} |ip~bij} ic \afmkp Mi{j~r* Fa~oi{eo ~ok

]fmpfdkj~i Cbpk Mobkc of} f{~oipb~r ~i pkv{k}~ ~of~ ~ok ]PCKMM ciaaiu

nbcckpkj~ nb}|f~mo |pi~imia} cip ]fmpfdkj~i ~ofj b~ nik} cip i~okp

fekjmbk}! b~ b} dipk kcckm~bsk cip pkebijfa nb}|f~mo i|kpf~ip} ~i ciaaiu

}bdbafp |pi~imia} cip faa fekjmbk}*

Pkmiddkjnf~bij ;* Bd|akdkj~ ~bkpkn nb}|f~mopk}|ij}k |pi~imia} bj miaafìpf~bij ub~o ~ok ]fmpfdkj~i

Pkebijfa Cbpk)KD] Midd{jbmf~bij} Mkj~kp*

Bjcipdf~bij kmojiaier

Bj ~ok F|pba 0


55/64



>>

Pkmiddkjnf~bij 3* Mijn{m~ fj i|~bdbwf~bij }~{nr ~ibnkj~bcr ufr} ~i dipk kccbmbkj~ar ipefjbwk mb~rubnk

bjcipdf~bij ~kmojiaier eiskpjfjmk! i|kpf~bij}! fjn

}r}~kd}! bjma{nbje |iabmk fjn cbpk*

]{mo fj i|~bdbwf~bij }~{nr ubaa ~fhk }idk ~bdk ~i nkskai| fjn

bd|akdkj~* Uobak ~ob} b} {jnkpufr! f |pimkn{pk b} jkknkn ~i f}}{pk ~of~

~ok ]CN b} pkmkbsbje ~ok f||pi|pbf~k akska} ic B^ }kpsbmk}* F uiphaifn

|pbipb~r |pi~imia ~i mf~keipbwk ~f}h} fjn }k~ |pbipb~bk} mfj k nkskai|kn*

Cip kxfd|ak! f |pbipb~r |pi~imia ui{an maf}}bcr uiph f} }ic~ufpk pk|fbp}!

fnnkn)pksb}kn ckf~{pk}! {|epfnk}! pk|afmkdkj~}! k~m* F middb~~kk ic

|iabmk fjn cbpk dfjfekdkj~ mi{an `k k}~fàb}okn ~i pksbku dfgip uiph ~i

}k~ |pbipb~bk}* Uof~ mij}~b~{~k} dfgip uiph ui{an k nkcbjkn r ~ob}

middb~~kk* ôb} b} f eiin }oip~ ~kpd }ia{~bij `{~ nik} ji~ |pisbnk cip

{jbcbkn }r}~kd }~fjnfpnbwf~bij*Pkmiddkjnf~bij 5* Mpkf~k f uiphaifn |pbipb~r |pi~imiacip ~ok \{àbm ]fck~r Bjcipdf~bij ^kmojiaier [jb~ ~i `k

{}kn {j~ba ~ok B^ i|~bdbwf~bij bd|akdkj~f~bij of} `kkj

mid|ak~kn* F middb~~kk ic \iabmk fjn Cbpk dfjfekdkj~

ui{an pksbku dfgip |pigkm~} fjn ui{an }k~ |pbipb~bk}*

Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~ Bjcipdf~bij ^kmojiaier ]~fccbje

ôk Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~} Bjcipdf~bij ^kmojiaier {jb~ bjma{nkn ~ui }uipj

}~fcc {j~ba pkmkj~ar! uokj ijk uf} pkmkj~ar |pidi~kn ~i f abjk |i}b~bijfjn ~ok B^ f}}bejdkj~ kmfdk sfmfj~* Bj fnnb~bij! ~ok piaa mfaa }ic~ufpk

|piepfd b} `kbje dfbj~fbjkn `r f `f~~fabij mobkc ij fj iskp~bdk `f}b}* F

`k}~ |pfm~bmk b} ~i {}k jij$}uipj }~fcc bj fpkf} ji~ nbpkm~ar bjsiaskn ub~o

cbpk)KD] pk}|ij}k*

[~babwbje mbsbabfj }~fcc cip bjcipdf~bij ~kmojiaier ubaa pkn{mk mi}~} cip

ì~o ~ok \iabmk fjn Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~}* Uobak ~ok mi}~ }fsbje} k~ukkj

}uipj fjn mbsbabfj }~fcc b} dfpebjfa /pi{eoar k}~bdf~kn f~ .6fjj{faar"! mbsbabfj} bj B^ c{jm~bij} ui{an mpkf~k fnnb~bijfa }uipj }~fcc

mf|fmb~r*

Pkmiddkjnf~bij ?* Obpk mbsbabfj} bj}~kfn ic }uipj|kp}ijjka ~i cbaa bjcipdf~bij ~kmojiaier |i}b~bij}*

Piaa Mfaa ]ic~ufpk

ôk m{ppkj~ }ic~ufpk {}kn cip ~ok piaa mfaa |pimk}} b} f }~fjnfaijk }r}~kd

~of~ b} `kbje dfjfekn ij f |fp~$~bdk `f}b} `r f `f~~fabij mobkc ij


56/64



>;

iskp~bdk* ôk \]B^ {jb~ }~fcc b} {jcfdbabfp ub~o ~ob} |piepfd fjn nik}

ji~ hjiu oiu ~i dfhk mofjek}* ]oi{an ~ok `f~~fabij mobkc dfjfebje ~ok

piaa mfaa }ic~ufpk akfsk ~ok Mb~r! ~ok nk|fp~dkj~ ubaa `k bj f skpr nbccbm{a~

}b~{f~bij* F}}bejbje pk}|ij}b`bab~r ~i }{||ip~ piaa mfaa }ic~ufpk ~i jij$

}uipj }~fcc b} fj~bmb|f~kn f} |fp~ ic Pkmiddkjnf~bij ?*

Ijk |piàkd ub~o ~ok piaa mfaa }ic~ufpk |piepfd b} ~of~ b~ b} {}kn ~i

~pfj}db~ }{ddfpr nf~f ~i ~ok Mb~r} |frpiaa }r}~kd* Oiukskp! ~ok nk~fba

nf~f fpk ji~ ~pfj}db~~kn* Cip kxfd|ak! ji~ faa ic ~ok bjmkj~bsk |fr} fpk

`kbje ~pfmhkn bj ~ok Mb~r} |frpiaa }r}~kd* ]obc~ ~pfnk} fpk `kbje ~pfmhkn

dfj{faar icc abjk! }i ~of~ uokj f cbpkcbeo~kp ~pfnk} f }obc~! ~ok |kp}ij

uiphbje ~ok }obc~ b} ji~ }oiuj f} fm~{faar uiphbje bj ~ok piaa mfaa

|piepfd nf~f* ôk afmh ic fj bj~kepf~kn }r}~kd `k~ukkj piaa mfaa }~fccbje

fjn ~ok Mb~r} |frpiaa }r}~kd fa}i dfhk} ~ok f`bab~r ~i ~pfmh fjn dfjfek

iskp~bdk dipk nbccbm{a~*ôk Mb~r fjn ]CN jkkn f |piepfd ~of~ ~pfmh} faa nk~fba nf~f bj ~ok Mb~r}

mkj~pfa nf~f`f}k* Icc$~ok$}okac piaa mfaa }ic~ufpk ui{an mi}~ fì{~

.;|frpiaa fjn cbjfjmbfa fmmi{j~bje }r}~kd}*

Pkmiddkjnf~bij 2* Pk|afmk ~ok piaa mfaa }ic~ufpk ub~o f|piepfd ~of~ ubaa miaakm~ faa nf~f fjn f||pi|pbf~kar abjh

nk~fba nf~f ub~o ~ok Mb~r} B^ }r}~kd}*

Piaa Mfaa \pimk}}C{p~okp mid|abmf~bje ~ok piaa mfaa }ic~ufpk b}}{k b} ~ok |pimk}} `r uobmo

piaa mfaa b} k}~fàb}okn* ôk m{ppkj~ piaa mfaa |pimk}} b} f afìp$bj~kj}bsk

kccip~ ub~o j{dkpi{} p{ak}* ]~fcc pk|ip~kn ~of~ ~ok piaa mfaa dfj{fa b} jiu

f||pixbdf~kar ;< |fek} bj akje~o! fjn pkv{bpk} mij}bnkpfàk }~fcc ~bdk ~i

dfjfek* Uobak ksfa{f~bje ~ok pk|afmkdkj~ ic ~ok piaa mfaa |pimk}}! }idk

p{ak} mi{an `k }bd|abcbkn fjn df~mokn ub~o ~ok mf|f`bab~bk} ic ~ok jku

}ic~ufpk*

F pksbku ic `k}~ |pfm~bmk} ic i~okp cbpk nk|fp~dkj~} mi{an `k dfnk ~i

bnkj~bcr dipk kccbmbkj~ dk~oiniaiebk}* ok piaa mfaa |pimk}} b} ji~

}|kmbcbmfaar |pi}mpb`kn `r ~ok DI[ `{~ b~ of} `kkj f |f}~ |pfm~bmk cip ~ok

mobkc ~i uiph ub~o f middb~~kk ic afìp pk|pk}kj~f~bsk} ~i dfhk

dinbcbmf~bij} ~i piaa mfaa p{ak}*

Pkmiddkjnf~bij 6


57/64



>3

ôb} ubaa fa}i }bd|abcr ~ok pkv{bpkdkj~} cip piaa mfaa dfjfekdkj~

}ic~ufpk fjn dbjbdbwk bd|akdkj~f~bij mi}~}*

Mij}iabnf~bij ic Ukkn F`f~kdkj~ C{jm~bij}

M{ppkj~ar pk}|ij}b`bab~r cip ukkn f`f~kdkj~ fm~bsb~bk} b} }|ab~ k~ukkj ~ok

]CN /cip sfmfj~ |pi|kp~bk}" fjn ~ok Mb~r} Mink Kjcipmkdkj~ Nbsb}bij

/cip |pi|kp~bk} ub~o `{banbje}"* ôk ]CN of} ijk }kjbip cbpk |pkskj~bij

iccbmkp fjn 6; cbpk |pkskj~bij iccbmkp BB |i}b~bij} uoi mijn{m~ f sfpbk~r ic

cbpk |pkskj~bij fm~bsb~bk}! bjma{nbje bj}|km~bij fjn nim{dkj~f~bij ic

|pi|kp~bk} pkv{bpbje ukkn f`f~kdkj~* Mink Kjcipmkdkj~ ciaaiu} fj

bnkj~bmfa |pimk}} ic }kf}ijfaar bj}|km~bje |pi|kp~bk}*

Bj ekjkpfa! kmijidbk} ic }mfak mfj k ci{jn uokj bnkj~bmfa |pimk}}k} fpk

mij}iabnf~kn* ]bjmk ~okpk b} ji nbcckpkjmk `k~ukkj ~ok ukkn f`f~kdkj~

|pimk}} cbpk |pkskj~bij bj}|km~ip} fjn mink kjcipmkdkj~ iccbmkp} d{}~ciaaiu! b~ dfhk} }kj}k ~i kx|aipk mij}iabnf~bje ~ok pk}|ij}b`bab~r bj ~ok

akf}~ mi}~ar dfjjkp*

]fafpr pf~k} cip cbpk |pkskj~bij iccbmkp} fpk f||pixbdf~kar 6;+ obeokp

~ofj mink kjcipmkdkj~ iccbmkp}* ôk oi{par pf~k cip f cbpk |pkskj~bij

iccbmkp /f~ ~ok obeok}~ }~k| ic ~ok }fafpr pfjek" b} .=>*53 |kp oi{p!

mid|fpkn ~i .=


58/64



>5

Pkskj{k Kjofjmkdkj~}

Dfjfekdkj~ \fp~jkp} mijn{m~kn f m{p}ipr pksbku ic kxb}~bje {}kp ckk}

mofpekn r ~ok ]CN ~i bnkj~bcr i||ip~{jb~bk} cip pkskj{k kjofjmkdkj~*

[}kp Ckk}

ôk mofjek bj cim{} ic cbpk nk|fp~dkj~} cpid cbpk }{||pk}}bij ~i dknbmfa

fbn of} }obc~kn ~ok pf~bijfak cip cbjfjmbje cbpk nk|fp~dkj~ i|kpf~bij} cpid

|pbdfpbar |pi|kp~r$pkaf~kn ~fxk} ~i f mid`bjf~bij ic |pi|kp~r ~fxk} fjn

{}kp ckk}* \pi|kp~r ~fxk} fpk f||pi|pbf~k cip |pisbnbje c{jnbje cip ~ok

`f}bm pk}|ij}k mf|fmb~r ic ~ok nk|fp~dkj~! uobak {}kp ckk} fpk f||pi|pbf~k

cip jij$}{||pk}}bij }kpsbmk} ~of~ fpk |pisbnkn ~i bjnbsbn{fa} pf~okp ~ofj

~ok kj~bpk midd{jb~r*ô{}! ~ok {}k ic {}kp ckk} `r cbpk nk|fp~dkj~} of}

epiuj jf~bijfaar fjn b} v{b~k middij* Di}~ ic ~ok}k jku ckk} fpk

bj~kjnkn ~i pkmiskp mi}~} cpid jij$pk}bnkj~} ip bj}{pfjmk mid|fjbk}*

ôb} oka|} ~i pkn{mk iskpfaa }kpsbmk mi}~} ~i pk}bnkj~} fjn |pidi~k} ~ok

{}kp ckk dkj~fab~r ~of~ ~oi}k uoi {}k ~ok }kpsbmk }oi{an |fr cip b~*

ôk Mb~r ic Ekipek~iuj! ^kxf}! of} fni|~kn {}kp ckk} cip faa ic ~okbp

}kpsbmk mfaa} kxmk|~ cip }bjeak$cfdbar cbpk} fjn KD] pk}|ij}k} cip

Dknbmfpk fjn Dknbmfbn /bj Mfabcipjbf! Dknb$Mfa" |f~bkj~}* ob} f||pifmo

f}}{dk} ~of~ ckk} fpk |fbn `r bj}{pfjmk mid|fjbk} fjn ji~ `r ~ok

bjnbsbn{fa {}kp}*

ôk Mb~r ic Mf}mfnk Aimh}! Ipkeij! Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~} fpkf ic miskpfek

bjma{nk} fì{~ 0< ~i =< dbak} ic cpkkufr faije B$?> i{~}bnk ~ok mb~r abdb~}*ôk Mb~r of} {}kp ckk} ~i miaakm~ pkskj{k cpid jij$pk}bnkj~} bjsiaskn bj

di~ip skobmak fmmbnkj~} ip i~okp cbpk nk|fp~dkj~ pk}|ij}k}* @kmf{}k

Mf}mfnk Aimh} b} f }dfaa ~iuj bj f p{pfa fpkf! dfjr ic ~okbp mfaa} cip

}kpsbmk fpk cpid jij$pk}bnkj~} f} f pk}{a~ ic cpkkufr fmmbnkj~}* ôkr fa}i

bd|akdkj~kn f cbpk pk}|ij}k }{`}mpb|~bij |piepfd cip pk}bnkjmk} i{~}bnk

~ok mb~r abdb~}* ok mb~bk} ic Pi}ksbaak fjn Ifhafjn! ofsk fa}i fni|~kn ckk}

cip di~ip skobmak fmmbnkj~}*

Cbpk }{||pk}}bij }kpsbmk ckk} fpk ji~ middij! `{~ }idk [*]* mb~bk} oian

|ki|ak pk}|ij}bàk cip cbpk} uokj jkeabekjmk! mink sbiaf~bij}! ip mpbdbjfa

fm~bsb~r b} bjsiaskn bj mf{}bje ~ok cbpk* ok Skj~{pf! Mfabcipjbf! Cbpk

Nk|fp~dkj~ of} k}~fàb}okn e{bnkabjk} cip pkmiskpbje mi}~} cip mkp~fbj

cbpk$pkaf~kn bjmbnkj~}7 k*e*! cbpk} cpid {jafuc{a {}k ic cbpkuiph}8

bj~kj~bijfaar }k~ cbpk}8 dfabmbi{} cfa}k cbpk fafpd}8 fjn bjmbnkj~} mf{}kn `r

~ok db}{}k ic famioia ip f mij~piaakn }{`}~fjmk! bjma{nbje skobmak

fmmbnkj~}*


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>?

Mfabcipjbf mb~bk} ofsk pkabkn {|ij ~ok |iukp} epfj~kn ~i ~okd {jnkp

Fp~bmak _BBB @ ic ~ok Mfabcipjbf Mij}~b~{~bij! uobmo f{~oipbwk} mb~bk} ~i

pkmiskp ~ok mi}~} pkf}ijfàr ìpj cip |{àbm }kpsbmk} cpid {}kp ckk}* ôk

|pbjmb|fa pf~bijfak cip cbpk }kpsbmk ckk} b} ~of~ aimfa eiskpjdkj~ cbpk

nk|fp~dkj~} ofsk kx|fjnkn ukaa krijn ~ok ~pfnb~bijfa cbpk }{||pk}}bij

ekjkpfaar }{||ip~kn r |pi|kp~r ~fxk}* Dipk pkmkj~ar! \pi|i}b~bij 03 of}

mf~keipbwkn ckk} fjn ~fxk} ub~o abdb~f~bij} /fjn kxmk|~bij}" ij oiu ~okr

fpk mofpekn* Fjr mofjek} bj ckk} jkkn ~i k sk~~kn ~opi{eo \pi|i}b~bij

03 abdb~f~bij} fjn kxmk|~bij}*

ôk ]CN fjj{faar fjfarwk} sfpbi{} ckk} mofpekn r ~ok nk|fp~dkj~8

oiukskp! ~okpk fpk i||ip~{jb~bk} cip bjmpkf}bje }idk ckk} ip k}~fàb}obje

jku ckk} ub~obj abdb~f~bij} fjn kxmk|~bij} ic \pi|i}b~bij 03* Mfam{af~bij}

ic ~ok mi}~ ic }kpsbmk cip m{ppkj~ ckk} ni ji~ bjma{nk faa iskpokfn mi}~} jip

~ok c{aa mi}~} ic cfmbab~bk} fjn kv{b|dkj~! bjma{nbje fdip~bwknpk|afmkdkj~ mi}~}* Cknkpfa pke{af~bij} |pisbnk e{bnkabjk} cip mi}~

faaimf~bij} /ID@ Mbpm{afp F$?5"*

]idk |i~kj~bfa ckk} fpk nk}bejkn ~i nb}mi{pfek ~ok {}k ic }kpsbmk} pf~okp

~ofj `k f }i{pmk ic pkskj{k}* Kxfd|ak} ic jku ckk} ci{jn bj i~okp mb~bk}

bjma{nk7

Cfa}k fafpd ckk}! {}{faar mofpekn cip d{a~b|ak cfa}k fafpd} ub~obj}|kmbcbkn |kpbin}* ôk |{p|i}k b} ~i pkn{mk ~ok j{d`kp ic cfa}k

fafpd} uobmo ~fhk pk}i{pmk} fufr cpid |i~kj~bfa akeb~bdf~k

pk}|ij}k}*

Di~ip skobmak fmmbnkj~ pk}|ij}k! k}|kmbfaar cip npbsbje {jnkp ~okbjca{kjmk fjn jij$pk}bnkj~}*

Pk}m{k pk}|ij}k} uokj ~ok |kp}ij pk}m{kn of} sbiaf~kn f afu!}{mo f} f ~pk}|f}}bje*

F}}b}~kn absbje)j{p}bje oidk pk}|ij}k ckk uokj ~ok cfmbab~r b}{}bje ~ok Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~ cip cpkv{kj~ pk}|ij}k} bj}~kfn ic kbje

|pi|kpar }~fcckn! k*e* abc~bje f |f~bkj~*

Aimhi{~ ckk cip pk}|ijnbje ~i {jaimh pk}bnkjmk} ip skobmak} cip|ki|ak*

Ckk} cip cbpk }{||pk}}bij ic cbpk} mf{}kn `r baakefa fm~bsb~bk}* FA])fd`{afjmk }{`}mpb|~bij |piepfd /}kk kaiu"*

Ckk} ~i pkmiskp ~ok mi}~} ic pk}|ijnbje ~i }idk bjmbnkj~} fpk f||pi|pbf~k

fjn }oi{an ji~ k }{`}bnbwkn r ~ok ~fx|frkp}* ]k|fpf~bje fmmbnkj~} bj~i

middij ~r|k} /k*e*! ckjnkp kjnkp}" fjn ~oi}k bjsiasbje mpbdbjfa

fm~bij /k*e*! npbsbje {jnkp ~ok bjca{kjmk" |pisbnk} f makfp nkabjkf~bij ic

uoi }oi{an |fr cip ~ok pk}|ij}k mi}~}* ]bdbafpar! pk}m{k pk}|ij}k} mfj k

}k|fpf~kn bj~i fmmbnkj~fa /k*e*! if~ mf|}bwbje" skp}{} ~oi}k mf{}kn r


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~ok pk}m{kn |kp}ij /k*e*! mabcc pk}m{k ic f `f}k g{d|kp"* Ckk} mfj `k

nkskai|kn cip ~oi}k mf}k} uokpk ~okpk b} f mpbdbjfa fm~bij ip |afjjkn

nfjekpi{} fm~bsb~bk}* ok}k ~r|k} ic ckk} ofsk `kkj }{mmk}}c{aar

bd|akdkj~kn bj mb~bk} }{mo f} Ifhafjn! ]fj~f Dijbmf! Pi}ksbaak! pfmr!

fjn Skj~{pf*

Pkmiddkjnf~bij 60*Mijn{m~ f ckk }~{nr ~i mfam{af~k ~okc{aa mi}~ ic |pisbnbje cbpk nk|fp~dkj~ }kpsbmk} fjn

bnkj~bcr i||ip~{jb~bk} cip k}~fàb}obje jku ckk}*

Mfam{af~bje ~ok c{aa mi}~} ubaa bnkj~bcr ~ok fdi{j~ ic ~oi}k

}kpsbmk} `kbje }{`}bnbwkn `r ~fx|frkp}* ôk Mb~r Mi{jmba

dfr k}~fàb}o akska} ic }{`}bnbk} cip nbcckpkj~ }kpsbmk}*

\fpfdknbm)Fd`{afjmk ]{`}mpb|~bij \piepfd

ôk ]fmpfdkj~i Cbpk Nk|fp~dkj~ nik} ji~ ofsk f |fpfdknbm)fd`{afjmk}{`}mpb|~bij |piepfd* Mb~bk} ofsk bd|akdkj~kn }{`}mpb|~bij |piepfd}

~of~ ofsk |pisbnkn fnnb~bijfa pkskj{k} fjn pkn{mkn ~ok {pnkj ij

pk}bnkj~} uoi ni ji~ ofsk bj}{pfjmk miskpfek* I{p 0


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;0!53!=6* Bd|akdkj~ ~opkk$|kp}ij }~fccbje ij Kjebjk Mid|fjbk} ?! 66! 60! 6=!6?! =< fjn 3< .0!26=!5;* Bd|akdkj~ ~opkk$|kp}ij }~fccbje ij Kjebjk Mid|fjbk} ?! 66! 60! 6=! 6?!

=< fjn 3

City Fire Innovation and Efficiency Study 2012

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Transcript of City Fire Innovation and Efficiency Study 2012