Circulatory System &

Respiratory System

Chapter 30Chapter 30

Evolution of the Circulatory Evolution of the Circulatory SystemSystem

Originally Marine Originally Marine animals simply animals simply diffused gases and diffused gases and nutrients through nutrients through their body surfacetheir body surface

As complexity and As complexity and terrestrial habitat terrestrial habitat evolved a pump evolved a pump system formedsystem formed

Open System vs. Closed Open System vs. Closed SystemSystem

HemolymphHemolymph held held within a body within a body cavitycavity

BloodBlood diffuses diffuses through wall of the through wall of the blood vesselsblood vessels

Single loop-Single loop- gills, gills, two chambered two chambered heartheart

Double loop-Double loop- lungs lungs

Different forms of Closed Different forms of Closed SystemsSystems

Transports fluid Transports fluid throughout the bodythroughout the body

Role in HomeostasisRole in Homeostasis

– Transports OTransports O22, CO, CO22, ,

nutrients, waste, nutrients, waste,

hormones, and hormones, and

immune immune

componentscomponents

Function of the Circulatory Function of the Circulatory SystemSystem

BloodBlood- 45% cells, 55% plasma- 45% cells, 55% plasma

Plasma-Plasma- 90% water, fibrinogen 90% water, fibrinogen

erythrocyteserythrocytes-- red blood red blood cells, contain hemoglobin carries cells, contain hemoglobin carries oxygen oxygen

leukocytes-leukocytes- white blood white blood cells, fight infectioncells, fight infection

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

ArteryArtery- thicker- thicker

VeinVein

CapillariesCapillaries- porous walls- porous walls

Cardiovascular System consists of

Flow of blood through the Heart

Oxygen poor blood from the Oxygen poor blood from the

body enters the body enters the right right

atriumatrium and travels through and travels through

the the tricuspidtricuspid valve to the valve to the right ventricle where it is where it is

pumped into the lungspumped into the lungs

Oxygenated blood from the Oxygenated blood from the

lungs enters the lungs enters the left atriumleft atrium

where it flows to the where it flows to the

left ventricleleft ventricle through the through the

mitral valvemitral valve, from , from

there it is pumped there it is pumped

throughout the bodythroughout the bodyIt is

thicker!Why?

The The Circulatory Circulatory

SystemSystemCOCO22 rich blood enters rich blood enters the lungs via the the lungs via the heartheart

OO22 rich blood is carried rich blood is carried to the heart then to the heart then transported by transported by arteriesarteries throughout throughout the bodythe body

The The capillariescapillaries are are where the nutrients where the nutrients and wastes are and wastes are exchanged between exchanged between the blood and the the blood and the cellscells

VeinsVeins take the CO take the CO22 rich blood back to the rich blood back to the heartheart

ArteriesVeins

Diseases of the Cardiovascular Diseases of the Cardiovascular SystemSystem

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis- Buildup of plaque on - Buildup of plaque on walls of arterieswalls of arteries

HypertensionHypertension- high blood pressure, - high blood pressure, forces heart to work harderforces heart to work harder

Heart AttackHeart Attack

StrokeStroke- blood clot from atherosclerosis - blood clot from atherosclerosis breaks free and gets stuck in a blood breaks free and gets stuck in a blood vessel leading to or in brainvessel leading to or in brain

The Respirat

ory System

Evolution of the Respiratory System

Diffusion of gases requires a thin Diffusion of gases requires a thin moist membranemoist membrane

Larger the surface area, the larger Larger the surface area, the larger the amount of gases exchangedthe amount of gases exchanged

Invertebrate Lungs Vertebrate Lungs

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory SystemPurpose is to bring about Purpose is to bring about the exchange of Othe exchange of O22 and and COCO22

The gases are The gases are transported throughout transported throughout the body by the the body by the circulatory systemcirculatory system

Oxygen is bound on Oxygen is bound on hemoglobin, this hemoglobin, this increases the carrying increases the carrying capacity of the blood by capacity of the blood by more than 60 timesmore than 60 times

Oxygen enters the capillaries

and Carbon Dioxide leaves

Organs of the Respiratory Organs of the Respiratory SystemSystem

Site of gas exchange

Warms , humidifies, and filters

the air

Passage way for food and air

Lined with

cilia and mucus

Gases Gases diffuse diffuse through through

the the capillary capillary

membrane membrane at the at the

alveolus alveolus

The physiology of breathingThe physiology of breathing

The diaphragm The diaphragm (C) contracts (C) contracts and causes a and causes a change in change in pressure in the pressure in the lungs lungs

Warmed filtered Warmed filtered air comes down air comes down the trachea (A)the trachea (A)

AsthmaAsthma

Facts on AsthmaFacts on Asthma

1 in 7 children1 in 7 children

1 in 12 adults1 in 12 adults

Nine million children under the age of 18 Nine million children under the age of 18 have asthmahave asthma

Most common form is allergic asthmaMost common form is allergic asthma

Non allergic form appears during exercise, Non allergic form appears during exercise, cold, dry, or polluted aircold, dry, or polluted air

A city dwellers lung A smokers lung with cancer

Why you should not smokeWhy you should not smoke

Smoking paralyzes the cilia in the Smoking paralyzes the cilia in the bronchiolesbronchioles