Chirag Unadkat

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Mobile Television

Chirag Unadkat

Communications Convergence: Wireless Communication inToday¶s Age

Indian Merchants¶ Chamber

March 07, 2008



Convergence Meeting or converging of different

technologies

Computing, telecommunications, media /

entertainment

Computing, telecommunications, finance /

banking

Computing, telecommunications, ???



Computing Brings interactivity to convergence

Contributes file formats, protocols, software

(such as media players)

Allows for easy manipulation (such ascopying, back-up, editing, renaming)

Facilitates different types of usages ± intermittent, low or high quality, normal or high speed, etc.



Telecommunications Tele Distance

Communications Transfer of data / signals

In convergence, telecommunications help

bridge the distance between the service

provide and the end-users



Media / Entertainment Content

Films, television, music, news, chat or

discussions, etc.

Various physical forms ± print / text, voice,

images / graphics, video, simulations



Convergence

Use of telecommunication to deliver media

/ entertainment content to end-users for use

with computing technologies



Mobile Television A prime example of convergence

Use of telecommunications to deliver

television (media / entertainment) to a

mobile phone using computing technologies

and providing computer-like features such

as interactivity, selection, etc.



The Mobile Television Route



Different Ways of Getting

Television on your Mobile

Using GPRS / 3G (Unicast / Multicast)

Using broadcast technologies



Bandwidth Requirements for

Mobile TV

Depends upon

± Screen size / resolution

± Color depth

± Frame Rate

± Compression



Screen Size

Most commercial phones would be in the CIF ± VGArange



Practical Mobile TV Screen size of around CIF ± a little more

than 100,000 pixels per frame

Color depth of 24 bits per pixel

Frame rate of around 24 fps

Total bandwidth without compression =

100,000 pixels X 24 bits per pixel X 24

frames per second = 57.6 Mbps



Compression Compression depends upon desired quality,

type of images and compression technique

Static shots are better compressed than

action shots

H.264 can give a compression as high as 40

± 70



Bottom Line Required bandwidth = 57.6 Mbps without

compression

Compression in the region of 50

Actual bandwidth needed = 57.6 / 50 =

1.152 Mbps. Say, around 1.2 Mbps



GPRS Also often referred to as 2.5G

Bandwidth ranges from 56 kbps to 114 kbs

Not adequate for professional quality

entertainment content like television (needs

at least 1.2 Mbps)



3G High bandwidth data transfer techniques for

mobile phones

Current 3G BTS offers bandwidth of 2.5 Mbps Since each TV subscriber would need 1.2 Mbps, a

single 3G BTS would be able to service 2 TVcustomers

No subscriber will be able to use the BTS for anything else during this time ± no phone calls.

Network Busy!



The Opportunity Cost Each voice call is between 8 and 16 kbps. World-wide,

mobile calls are generally at 12.2 kbps

At around 12 kbps per call, a single BTS can handle morethan 200 simultaneous calls

At an average of Re. 1 / minute of calling, each BTS hasthe potential of earning a revenue of Rs. 200 per minute

If 2 subscribers watch TV using this BTS, then the telco

loses almost Rs. 200 per minute by way of call revenues If telco tries to recover this from the TV viewers, each

viewer will have to pay Rs. 100 per minute of TV viewing



Using unicast techniques like

GPRS / 3G are therefore notfeasible for a mobile TV

application



Broadcast Broadcast means that one set of signals is

transmitted out

Outbound bandwidth is consumed onlyonce

Signals are in such a format that anyone can

receive Radio and broadcast television use this

technique



Broadcast to Mobiles Current GSM / GPRS / 3G technologies are

built for one-to-one communications and

not for many-to-one communications suchas broadcast

Different technologies have to evolve to

broadcast to mobile phones



Problems with Broadcast to Mobiles

Reception at high speeds

Antenna size

Power requirements



Solutions Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcast (T-

DMB)

Integrated Services Digital Broadcast ± Handhelds(ISDB-H)

Chinese Multimedia Broadcast (CMMB)

Media Forward Link Only (MediaFLO) Digital Video Broadcast ± Handhelds (DVB-H)

««..



How They All Work Transmitters on tall towers

Broadcast of signals

Special mobile phones enabled for mobile TV Switch phone to TV mode and select the channel

to view from amongst available channels

Take a call in the middle of a TV program

Broadcasting does not use the BTS at all.Transmitters are similar to the terrestrialtransmitters used by Doordarshan. BTS bandwidthis irrelevant



How They Differ Type of signals

Bandwidth in MHz per channel

Bandwidth in Mbps per channel

Distance from transmitters



Technical Comparison



DVB-H Market Share



The Indian Scene DVB-H is expected to be largely through

terrestrial transmissions

Currently, only Doordarshan can transmitterrestrially in India

Doordarshan has started DVB-H trials in

Delhi Results of the trial will determinecommercial launch by Doordarshan



Before That Who is the regulator? The Communications

regulator or the broadcast regulator?

Who are the service providers? Telcos or

broadcast companies?

How will terrestrial spectrum be allocated?



The Way Forward Release terrestrial broadcast spectrum ± stopping

one DD channel can facilitate as many as 20 ± 30

channels of mobile television Choose service providers in a transparent manner

Let the service provider choose the technology

Let there be multiple service providers and,

hopefully, multiple technologies initially

May the best man win!



What The Indian Consumers Want

Survey conducted across 10 cities of India

448 respondents

Respondents expected to watch 75 minutes of mobile TV per day ± as much TV as they watchright now.

Respondents willing to pay a as much for mobile

TV as they pay for cable. The actual cost toservice providers is around Re. 1 per month per channel!



Expected Consumption Pattern in

India



Content Preference



Willingness to Buy TV Capable

Instruments



In most countries, mobile TV is

expected to be broadcaster lead,

with telecommunicationcompanies playing a supporting

role.



The Role of Telecom Companies Can provide billing support

Return channel for interactivity and value

addition Precise data on viewing patterns and

consumer preferences

Logistic support ± instrument and servicesupport, changes in subscription parameters,etc.



Conclusions Mobile TV broadcasts are feasible ± technologies

exist and have been successful in other parts of theworld

Indian consumers are willing to invest(instruments) and spend (subscriptions) for mobileTV

Indian consumers expect to see a lot of mobile TV There is a market for varied content in the mobile

TV market



Thank you

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Chirag Unadkat

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