Cell Structure & Organelle Function
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Transcript of Cell Structure & Organelle Function
Cell Structure
&Organelle Function
What is the Cell Theory?
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in the human body.
• It can be specialized to do many things.• Main job is to make proteins.
Cell Structure• Consists of a mass of cytoplasm (jell like
insides), within a cell membrane.
• Inside the cytoplasm are the organelles.
Cell Structure• Nucleus: (The brain, control center)–Surrounded by a double layer
membrane.–Contains the DNA, called Chromatin.• Controls cell activities.
Cell nucleusNuclear membrane
chromatin
nucleolus
Cell Structure• Nucleolus: (Ribosome factory)
– Found inside the nucleus.–Makes ribosomes.
Cell Structure• Ribosomes:
– Protein factory. Makes proteins by taking amino acids and connecting them into chains.
ribosome
ER
Cell Structure• Endoplasmic Reticulum: (assembly line)
– A network of passageways made from membranes that transports proteins around the cell.
– Rough ER has ribosomes.– Smooth ER has NO ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cell Structure• Golgi Complex : (UPS of the cell)
– A series of saclike membranes where proteins are packaged, stored, and shipped off to their destinations.
Cell Structure•Mitochondria : (power plant of
the cell)– Organelle covered by a double membrane, where
cellular respiration takes place. Burn sugar (glucose) to make energy (ATP)
Cell Structure•Chloroplasts (solar panels) : (plant
cells only: Solar Power)– Double membrane sacs that contain
Chlorophyll. – It can take light energy and convert it into
sugar (glucose) by Photosynthesis.
Cell Structure• Lysosomes (recycle bin):– Vesicles(Sacs) filled with digestive enzymes and
acid. They break down and recycle old organelles in the cell.
• Peroxisomes (Germ-X):– Vesicles (Sacs) filled with enzymes that break
down toxins in the cell.
Cell Structure•Cytoskeleton : (skeleton of the cell)– A net-like framework that gives the cell its shape.– Composed of threadlike proteins called
microfilaments, microtubules.
Cell Structure• Vacuoles:• Stores water and dissolved mineral cells. In
plants there is one large central vacuole.
Cell Structure• Cell Wall:– Found only in PLANTS. (found also in
prokaryotes/bacteria)– Rigid layer of cellulose outside the membrane
that supports plant cells. cell membrane cell wall
Cell Structure• Cell Membrane: (fence around the cell)– Semipermeable barrier that controls what enters
and leaves the cell