Cell Structure & Cell Structure & FunctionFunction

Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

OrganelleOrganelle= = ““little little organorgan””

Found only inside Found only inside eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells

Cell MembraneCell MembraneBoundary of the cellBoundary of the cell

Selectively permeable – allows only certain substances Selectively permeable – allows only certain substances across!across!

Made of a Made of a phospholipid bilayerphospholipid bilayer, mosaic of lipids, proteins, , mosaic of lipids, proteins, etc.etc.

NucleusNucleusControl center of the Control center of the cellcell

Contains Contains DNADNA

Surrounded by a Surrounded by a double membranedouble membrane

NucleolusNucleolus – located – located within the nucleus, within the nucleus, makes ribosomesmakes ribosomes

CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle

Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure

Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell

Made of three types of Made of three types of filamentsfilaments

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

A.K.A. A.K.A. ““ERER””Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneNetwork of Network of passageways passageways “Highway” of the cell“Highway” of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded with : studded with ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes proteinsproteinsSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipidslipids

RibosomeRibosomeSite of protein Site of protein synthesis synthesis (where (where proteins are made!)proteins are made!)

Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cellfree in cell

Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a

polypeptidepolypeptide??

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplates

Stores, modifies and Stores, modifies and packages proteinspackages proteins

Molecules transported Molecules transported to and from the Golgi to and from the Golgi by means of by means of vesiclesvesicles

LysosomesLysosomesGarbage disposal Garbage disposal of the cellof the cell

Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymes that enzymes that break down break down wasteswastes

MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cellcell””Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to energy for the cell to useuseBound by a double Bound by a double membranemembraneHas its own strand of Has its own strand of DNADNA

ChloroplastChloroplastFound only in plant Found only in plant cellscells

Contains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll

Site of food (Site of food (glucoseglucose) ) production in production in photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Bound by a double Bound by a double membranemembrane

Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plantplant and and bacterialbacterial cells cells

Rigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrier

Located Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membrane

Made of cellulose Made of cellulose ((fiberfiber))

VacuolesVacuolesStorage container for Storage container for water, food, water, food, enzymesenzymes, , wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.

Large Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in usually in plantplant cells cells

Many smaller Many smaller vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal cellscells

CentrioleCentriole

Aids in cell divisionAids in cell division

Usually found only in Usually found only in animal cellsanimal cells

Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane

Which organelles are found in plant cells, but not found Which organelles are found in plant cells, but not found in animal cells?in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum