Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

© J Beauchemin 2006© J Beauchemin 2006

Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little organ”organ”Found only inside Found only inside eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cellsAll the stuff in All the stuff in between the between the organelles is organelles is cytosolcytosolEverything in a cell Everything in a cell except the nucleus is except the nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm

Cell MembraneCell MembraneBoundary of the cellBoundary of the cellMade of a phosphoMade of a phospholipidlipid bibilayerlayer

NucleusNucleusControl center of the Control center of the cellcellContains Contains DNADNASurrounded by a Surrounded by a double membranedouble membraneUsually the easiest Usually the easiest organelle to see under organelle to see under a microscopea microscopeUsually one per cellUsually one per cell

CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscleProvides shape and Provides shape and structurestructureHelps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcellMade of three types of Made of three types of filamentsfilaments

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

A.k.a. “ER”A.k.a. “ER”Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded : studded with ribosomes; it with ribosomes; it makes proteinsmakes proteinsSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipidslipids

RibosomeRibosomeSite of protein Site of protein synthesissynthesisFound attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytosolfree in cytosolProduced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus

That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a polypeptidepolypeptide??

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplatesStores, modifies and Stores, modifies and packages proteinspackages proteinsMolecules transported Molecules transported to and from the Golgi to and from the Golgi by means of by means of vesiclesvesicles

LysosomesLysosomesGarbage disposal Garbage disposal of the cellof the cellContain digestive Contain digestive enzymes that enzymes that break down break down wasteswastes

Which organelles do lysosomes work with?

MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell”cell”Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to energy for the cell to useuseBound by a double Bound by a double membranemembraneHas its own strand of Has its own strand of DNADNA

ChloroplastChloroplastFound only in plant Found only in plant cellscellsContains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyllSite of food (Site of food (glucoseglucose) ) productionproductionBound by a double Bound by a double membranemembrane

Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plantplant and and bacterialbacterial cells cellsRigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrierLocated Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membraneMade of cellulose Made of cellulose ((fiberfiber))

VacuolesVacuolesLarge Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in usually in plantplant cells cellsMany smaller Many smaller vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal cellscellsStorage container for Storage container for water, food, water, food, enzymesenzymes, , wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.

What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell divisionUsually found only in Usually found only in animal cellsanimal cellsMade of microtubulesMade of microtubules

Where else have we talked about microtubules?

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum