Cell Structure & Function

Agenda:Observe short presentation.Partner check handout…

Trade with person next to you.

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ReviewCell theory

1. All living things are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure & function in all living things

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Cells TypesProkaryote Eukaryote

Organisms that have DNA not bound in a nucleus

Organisms with DNA in a nucleus

Bacteria AnimalsPlants

ProtistsFungus

Very Small 10-100x larger

Very Old (3.5 BYO) Younger in evolution (1.5 BYO)

Simple Complex cellular organization with many

organelle

Cell Structure & FunctionThere are 4 basic structures of

all cells:

A. Cell membrane

B. Nucleus

C. Cytoplasm

D. Ribosomes

The vocab term for all of the

structures foundin the cell is:

ORGANELLESORGANELLES

DNADNACytoplasm

Cell MembraneAnimal Cell

Plant

RibosomesRibosomes

1. Cytoskeleton/CytoplasmThe fluid interior of the cell. This is where all the organelle float around.

Contains:2. Microtubules3. Microfilaments4. Intermediate fibers

1. CytoskeletonA variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement.

5. Nucleus

6. Nuclear Envelope

7.Nucleolus

8. DNA/ Chromosomes The control &information center of the cell, houses DNA.

6. Nuclear

Envelope*membranes that surround the nucleus

*contains pores which allow movement of materials in & out of nucleus

7. Nucleolus

-small region that contains RNA and proteins.-Ribosomes are made here.

8. DNAContain the genetic information that must be passed to each new generation of cells.

9. Ribosomes

Protein Factories

Two Types:10. Free11. Bound

12. Lysosome- Filled with enzymes necessary for digesting waste materials in the cell.- The cells “clean-up crew”- Vesicles help move stuff around the cell.

14. Rough ER

15. Smooth ER

Modifies and ship proteins

What do you notice to be the difference?Ribosomes on rough ER

13.EndoplasmicReticulum

14. Rough ER

Has ribosomes attached to the surface.

Makes & modifies proteins that are meant to leave the cell.

15. Smooth ER

Does not have ribosomes attached to the surface.

Modifies and breaks down lipids & toxins.

16. Golgi ApparatusThe apparatus packages proteins & substances for storage in the cell or to be released from the cell

17.Mitochondria

The “powerhouse” of the cell. Converts the chemical energy stored in food into usable compounds for the cell.

Inner Membrane

Outer Membrane

Cristae

Matrix

18. Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid Bilayer

Embedded Proteins

GlycoproteinsRegulates what enters and leaves the cell. It also aids in the protection and support of the cell.

Phospholipid Bilayer

Lipids line up based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

HydrophilicHydrophilic

HydrophobicHydrophobic

Embedded Proteins Proteins help to move molecules across the membrane using both passive and active transport.

Glycoproteins

Used for cellular recognition and binding sites.

E.C. Centriole

What is my job?

20. Vacuole Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.

Plant Cell Cell Wall Cell Wall

ChloroplastChloroplast

VacuoleVacuole

19. ChloroplastContain

chlorophyllthat trap the energyof sunlight & convertit into chemical energy

20. Vacuole20. VacuoleRECALL - saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates.

IN PLANTS – There is a single large central vacuole filled with liquid that causes pressure making it possible for plants to grow quickly & support heavy structures like leaves and flowers

21. Cell WallStrong, non-living structuremade of cellulose that surrounds plants,algae and some bacteria.

Provides protection andsupport for the plant cells.

It is very porous so thatwater, oxygen, carbondioxide and other substancescan pass through easily.

BACTERIAL CELL. PROKARYOTE

22. Plasmid

• Extra DNA the can be traded with other neighboring bacteria.

• Contains information like antibiotic resistance.

23. Pili• A tube of

proteins that allow bacteria to trade plasmids.

• Docking mechanism for bacteria.

24. Flagellum

• Not only found in bacteria, flagellum allow cells to perform locomotion.

• A variable substance on the outside of some bacteria that allows it to form dense colonies.

• Kinda like slime.

25. Peptidoglycan

Capsule

1 2 3

0% 0%

100%1. Cell membrane2. Cytoplasm3. DNA

Cytoskeleton

A

B

C

D

Click to animate the image.

What is labeled here?

1 2 3 4

0% 0%0%

100%1. Ribosome2. Smooth ER3. Rough ER4. Nucleus

1 2 3 4

0% 0%

94%

6%

1. Ribosomes2. Mitochondria3. Lysosomes4. Golgi apparatus

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%

1. Cell wall2. Nucleus3. Capsule4. Lysosome

Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?Cell wallNucleusCapsuleLysosome

Which cellular component is common to BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?Cell wall (don’t forget plant cells! Plant AND

bacteria cells)Nucleus (eukaryotes ONLY)Capsule (prokaryotes ONLY)Lysosome (Eukaryotes ONLY)

A

B

CD

E

F

Click to animate the image.

http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

1. The ER membrane pinches off to encircle the protein.2. The vesicle with the protein enters one end of the Golgi

apparatus.3. In the nucleus, DNA instructions are copied as RNA

messages.4. Proteins cross the membrane of the rough ER and enter the

ER.5. The finished protein leaves the other end of the Golgi

apparatus in a new vesicle that buds from the organelle’s surface.

6. The finished protein travels through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane.

7. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, releasing the protein out of the cell.

8. The vesicle holding the protein travels through the endoplasmic reticulum and out into the cytoplasm.

9. RNA messages travel to bound ribosomes, where proteins are made.

10.The protein is modified by enzymes.11.The finished protein is repackaged, enclosed in a new

vesicle.

What is the order?