Cell Structure and Function Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell...
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ell Structure and Function Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory. - Discovering Cells Discovering cells Objectives 1. State what cells are. 2. Explain how the invention of the microscop to scientist understanding of living thi 3. State the cell theory. Key terms: cell, microscope, cell theory.
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Transcript of Cell Structure and Function Links on Cell Theory Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell...
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Discovering cells
Objectives1. State what cells are.2. Explain how the invention of the microscope contributed to scientist understanding of living things.3. State the cell theory.
Key terms: cell, microscope, cell theory.
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
An Overview of cells
-Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
-Cell structure and function-Structure- how the organism is put together. -Function-how it’s processes are carried out.
-Cells are many and small
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
First Observations of cells
-Around 1590 the microscope was invented.
-The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells.
-Microscope: an instrument that magnifies images.
-In 1663 Robert Hooke observed cork cells -Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed unicellular organisms
Cell Structure and Function - Discovering Cells
Development of the Cell Theory
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Development of the cell theory
- Schieden, Schwann, Virchow -In the 1800’s Schieden, Schwann, Virchow
contributed to knowledge about cells
Cell Structure and Function
SequencingConstruct a flowchart showing how the work of Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow contributed to scientific understanding of cells.
Discovering Cells
Hooke sees cells in cork.
Leeuwenhoek sees many one-celled organisms.
Schleiden concludes that all plants are made of cells.
Schwann concludes that all animals (and all living things) are made of cells.
Virchow proposes that new cells form only from cells that already exist.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function - Discovering Cells
Development of the Cell TheoryThe cell theory says:• All living things are composed of cells.• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.• All cells are produced from other cells.
Cell Structure and Function
Magnification and Lenses
The lenses in light microscopes magnify an object by bending the light that passes through them.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function - Discovering Cells
Compound Microscope
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Electron Microscope
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Discovering
Cells
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/plant_and_animal_cells/index.html
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Looking Inside CellsObjectives
1. Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell2. What are the functions of cell organelles?3. How are cells organized in multicellular organisms4. How do bacterial cells differ from plant and
animal cells?
Key terms: Organelle, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, golgibody, chloroplast, Vacuoles, Lysosomes
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/plant_and_animal_cells/index.html
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=cep&wcsuffix=3012
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Discovering
Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Discovering
Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Discovering
Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Discovering
Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Discovering
Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Discovering
Cells
Cell Structure and Function - Looking Inside Cells
Nucleus
The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.
Cell Structure and Function - Looking Inside Cells
Nucleus
The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.
Cell Structure and Function
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Endoplasmic ReticulumThe endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Golgi BodyThe Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Before you read, preview Figure 12. Then write two questions you have about the illustrations in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, answer your questions.
Q. How are animal cells different from plant cells?
A. Plants cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, which animal cells do not have.
Q. What do mitochondria do?
A. Mitochondria convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use.
Plant and Animal Cells
- Looking Inside Cells
Previewing Visuals
Cell Structure and Function - Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Looking Inside
Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Looking Inside
Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function - Chemical Compounds in Cells
Elements and CompoundsCarbon dioxide, which is found in gas bubbles, is a chemical compound. So is water.
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
Water and Living ThingsAbout two-thirds of the human body is water.
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
All cells contain carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as water and other inorganic compounds. But do all cells contain the same percentages of these compounds? The graph compares the percentage of some compounds found in a bacterial cell and a cell from a mammal.
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
Red bars represent percentages of compounds in bacterial cells; blue bars represent percentages of compounds in mammalian cells.
Reading Graphs:
What do the red bars represent? What do the blue bars represent?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
About 70%; the percentages are the same.
Interpreting Data:
What percentage of a mammalian cell is made up of water? How does this compare to the percentage of water in a bacterial cell?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
Proteins
Interpreting Data:
Which kind of compound–proteins or nucleic acids–makes up the larger percentage of a mammalian cell?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
They are similar, though mammalian cells have a lower percentage of nucleic acids, and bacterial cells have a lower percentage of lipids and fewer proteins.
Drawing Conclusions:
In general, how do a bacterial cell and mammalian cell compare in their chemical composition?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
types
typesmade ofincludeinclude
Graphic OrganizerOrganic
Compounds
Carbo-hydratesLipids Proteins
StarchesAmino acids
SugarsFats, oils, and waxes DNA
Nucleic acids
RNA
Cell Structure and Function
Type of Compound
Elements Functions
As you read, compare and contrast carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in a table like the one below.
Carbohydrate Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Store and provide energy and make up cellular
parts
Protein Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sometimes sulfur
Make up much of the structure of cells and speed up chemical
reactions
Lipid Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Store energy
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Comparing and Contrasting
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Proteins
Click the SciLinks button for links on proteins.
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
End of Section:Chemical
Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
The Cell in its environmentObjectives
1. Describe how most molecules cross the cell membrane.
2. Explain why osmosis is important to cells.3. Tell the difference between passive and
active transport.
Key terms: Selectively permeable, diffusion, osmosis, passive transport, active transport
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Selectively permeable: Some substances and pass through the cell membrane while others cannot.
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Diffusion
-Diffusion is the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane.
-Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Cell Structure and Function
Ratios The concentration of a solution can be expressed as a ratio. A ratio compares two numbers. It tells you how much you have of one item in comparison to another. For example, suppose you dissolve 5 g of sugar in 1 L of water. You can express the concentration of the solution in ratio form as5 g:1 L, or 5 g/L.
Practice Problem
Suppose you dissolve 7 g of salt in 1 L of water. Express the concentration of the solution as a ratio.
7 g:1 L or 7 g/L
- The Cell in Its Environment
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
What causes diffusion?
Diffusion of oxygen
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Osmosis
-Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
-Many cellular processes depend on osmosis.
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
-Osmosis by diffusion, and the effects of osmosis.
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Active and Passive transport
-Passive and active transport are two processes by which materials pass through the cell membrane.
-Active transport requires the cell to use its own energy, while passive transport does not.
-Transport protein
-Transport by engulfing
-Why cells are small
Cell Structure and Function
More on Cellular Transport
Click the PHSchool.com button for an activityabout cellular transport.
- The Cell in Its Environment
