Cell,Discovery of Cells,The Cell Theory,The Parts of the Cell,Plant Cell
Table of Contents · Cell Structure and Function - Discovering Cells Development of the Cell Theory...
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Cell Structure and Function Discovering Cells Looking Inside Cells Chemical Compounds in Cells The Cell in Its Environment Table of Contents
Transcript of Table of Contents · Cell Structure and Function - Discovering Cells Development of the Cell Theory...
Cell Structure and Function
Discovering Cells
Looking Inside Cells
Chemical Compounds in Cells
The Cell in Its Environment
Table of Contents
Cell Structure and Function - Discovering Cells
Development of the Cell Theory
The cell theory states the following:
• All living things are composed of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
• All cells are produced from other cells.
Cell Structure and Function
Light Microscopes
The lenses in light microscopes magnify an object by
bending the light that passes through them.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Sequencing
Construct a flowchart showing how the work of Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow contributed to scientific understanding of cells.
Discovering Cells
Hooke sees cells in cork.
Leeuwenhoek sees many one-celled organisms.
Schleiden concludes that all plants are made of cells.
Schwann concludes that all animals (and all living
things) are made of cells.
Virchow proposes that new cells form only from cells
that already exist.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Cell Theory
Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.
- Discovering Cells
Cell Structure and Function - Looking Inside Cells
Nucleus
The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the
cell’s activities.
Cell Structure and Function
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell
because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the
cell can use to carry out its functions.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Golgi Body
The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Plant and Animal Cells Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and
access Active Art about plant and animal cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Before you read, preview Figure 12. Then write two
questions you have about the illustrations in a graphic
organizer like the one below. As you read, answer your
questions.
Q. How are animal cells different from plant cells?
A. Plants cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, which animal
cells to not have.
Q. What do mitochondria do?
A. Mitochondria convert energy in food molecules to energy the
cell can use.
Plant and Animal Cells
- Looking Inside Cells
Previewing Visuals
Cell Structure and Function
The Cytoplasm and Organelles
Click the Video button to watch a movie about cytoplasm and
organelles.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Specialized Cells
Click the Video button to watch a movie about
specialized cells.
- Looking Inside Cells
Cell Structure and Function - Chemical Compounds in Cells
Elements and Compounds
Carbon dioxide, which is found in gas bubbles, is a chemical compound. So is water.
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
All cells contain carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids, as well as water and other
inorganic compounds. But do all
cells contain the same
percentages of these
compounds? The graph
compares the percentage of
some compounds found in a
bacterial cell and a cell from a
mammal.
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
Red bars represent
percentages of compounds in
bacterial cells; blue bars
represent percentages of
compounds in mammalian
cells.
Reading Graphs:
What do the red bars
represent? What do the blue
bars represent?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
About 70%; the percentages
are the same.
Interpreting Data:
What percentage of a
mammalian cell is made up of
water? How does this
compare to the percentage of
water in a bacterial cell?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
Proteins
Interpreting Data:
Which kind of compound–
proteins or nucleic acids–
makes up the larger
percentage of a mammalian
cell?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals
They are similar, though
mammalian cells have a
lower percentage of nucleic
acids, and bacterial cells have
a lower percentage of lipids
and fewer proteins.
Drawing Conclusions:
In general, how do a bacterial
cell and mammalian cell
compare in their chemical
composition?
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Water and Living Things
About two-thirds of the human body is water.
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Type of
Compound Elements Functions
As you read, compare and contrast carbohydrates, proteins,
and lipids in a table like the one below.
Carbohydrate Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
Store and provide
energy and make up
cellular parts
Protein Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, and
sometimes sulfur
Make up much of the structure of cells and speed up chemical
reactions
Lipid Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen Store energy
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Comparing and Contrasting
Cell Structure and Function
Links on Proteins
Click the SciLinks button for links on proteins.
- Chemical Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
Ratios
The concentration of a solution can be expressed as a ratio.
A ratio compares two numbers. It tells you how much you
have of one item in comparison to another. For example,
suppose you dissolve 5 g of sugar in 1 L of water. You can
express the concentration of the solution in ratio form as
5 g:1 L, or 5 g/L.
Practice Problem
Suppose you dissolve 7 g of salt in 1 L of water. Express the
concentration of the solution as a ratio.
7 g:1 L or 7 g/L
- The Cell in Its Environment
Cell Structure and Function - The Cell in Its Environment
A Selective Barrier
The cell membrane protects the contents of the cell and
helps control the materials that enter and leave.
Cell Structure and Function
Diffusion
In diffusion, molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- The Cell in Its Environment
Cell Structure and Function
Osmosis
In osmosis, water diffuses through a selectively permeable
membrane.
- The Cell in Its Environment
Cell Structure and Function
Passive and
Active Transport Passive and active transport
are two processes by which
materials pass through the cell
membrane. Active transport
requires the cell to use its own
energy, while passive transport
does not.
- The Cell in Its Environment
Cell Structure and Function
Building Vocabulary
A definition states the meaning of a word or phrase. After you
read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain
definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have
learned to write a definition of each Key Term in your own
words.
Key Terms: Examples:
- The Cell in Its Environment
selectively permeable The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which
means that some substances can pass through the
membrane while others cannot.
diffusion Diffusion is the process by which molecules move
from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane.
Key Terms: Examples:
passive transport
active transport
The movement of dissolved materials through a cell
membrane without using cellular energy is called
passive transport.
Active transport is the movement of materials
through a cell membrane using cellular energy.
Cell Structure and Function
More on Cellular Transport
Click the PHSchool.com button for an activity
about cellular transport.
- The Cell in Its Environment
Cell Structure and Function
types
types made of include include
Graphic Organizer
Organic
Compounds
Carbo-
hydrates Lipids Proteins
Starches Amino
acids Sugars
Fats, oils, and waxes
DNA
Nucleic
acids
RNA
