ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers...
Transcript of ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers...
![Page 1: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Arun Jain, Urban Designer, Urban Strategist
ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012
Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm
December 6, 2012 Lund, Sweden
![Page 2: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Arun Jain Urban Designer, Urban Strategist
Centre de rescherche sur l'Habitat
Rethinking our Urban Future Closing the gap between theory & practice
June 4, 2012 Paris
Cities have been created by a variety of circumstance and deliberation. Planning theories and the actions underlying their implementation continue their struggle to stay relevant. We are much better in reacting to reality than anticipating the future. Many of the strategies associated with each theory have assumed that the cultures of cities will adapt to them. Yet often the single minded clarity of one approach has been offset by its competition. This confusion explains our random and uncertain outcomes. The accelerated political, social, economic and cultural complexities of urban settlement today do not help. Perhaps it’s time for a change. Perhaps urban settlement has become complex enough to require planning to respond to the cultures of cities and not dictate them. What does this mean for the future? Can planning really be more responsive? Can an understanding of complex human systems and networks help? Are there other ways to think and pursue increasingly ambiguous, but greatly hoped for and urgent aspirations?
![Page 3: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Orientation
1
![Page 4: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Can only anticipate/respond to
behavior, not dictate
Can leverage design thinking to
solve complex “wicked” problems
Must make better decisions to
improve the quality of life of cities
Need better choices on our priorities
& innovation space
Huge gaps between need, want &
our ability to deliver
Active beliefs
![Page 5: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Are we filling a gap or,
creating a need?
![Page 6: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The nature of problems
Well Mannered
– Easy definition
– Clear & clean solutions
Tame
– Poorly defined, benign solutions
Wicked
– Difficult to understand
– No easy or unique solutions
HORST RITTEL
![Page 7: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Most complex problems are “wicked”
Need to relate our
understanding of the
problem
with
How far we go with
the solution…
![Page 8: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Social responsibility & contextuality
Delightful fetish?
Architecture as artifact?
Why do so many
designers talk mostly
about aesthetics?
Have they assumed the
“Artist’s prerogative of self expression?”
![Page 9: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Work with or around…?
Do we
need or tolerate
vs.
accept
Understand boundaries
![Page 10: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
the outcome?
Does the method
match
Proportionality
![Page 11: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Communicate better
Being explicit in your process
– Make design decisions less arbitrary
– make ideas & designs more defensible
Explicit assumptions
– Reveal hidden agendas
![Page 12: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Consider the “Fit”
Context
Problem’s opportunities & constraints
Stated goals & objectives
The client’s intentions
The eventual user
between the result & the…
![Page 13: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Assessing the worthiness of a project
Determining a problem’s appropriate level
Nature, complexity & degree of resolution
Extent to which desired objectives can be realized
Determining the nature of a solution
Design, management, fiscal, policy, social or mix
Avoiding side effects
Legal, environmental…
Evaluating the results
Remember things we don’t do well
![Page 14: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Methodology SOILS WETLANDS VISUAL & SCENIC GEOLOGY & SEISMIC BIOLOGICAL (PLANT & ANIMAL) DRAINAGE/FLOODING/WATER QUALITY
NATURAL
OPPORTUNITIES
&
CONSTRAINTS
MAN-MADE
ASSUMPTIONS
WEIGHTED CRITERIA
CONTEXT
LAND USE ZONING UTILITIES LIGHT NOISE
TRAFFIC & CIRCULATION HISTORICAL AIR QUALITY ARCHEOLOGICAL MAGNETIC & EMF
LOCATION DESCRIPTION HISTORY IMAGE CULTURAL
ECONOMY DEMOGRAPHY PUBLIC SERVICES AESTHETICS NEEDS
DEVELOPMENT
THRESHOLDS
SYNTHESIS
SELECTION
ELABORATION
SUITABILITY
ANALYSIS
SOCIAL - ECONOMIC -
ENVIRONMENTAL - POLITICAL -
CRITERIA -
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES - MASTER PLANNING - DESIGN GUIDELINES -
POLICY & REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES -
ALTERNATIVES
![Page 15: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A DECISION MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
EXPERIENCE
EMOTIONS
IMAGINATION
INTUITION
PERSONAL BIAS
WHAT DO I FEEL?
HOW SHOULD I
ACT/RESPOND?
• Economic Sustainability
• Environmental Sustainability
• Technical Feasibility
• Social Behavioral Norms
• Quality Of Life
WHAT DO I KNOW?
EXPERIENCE
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS
KNOWLEDGE BASE
RISK ASSESSMENT
HEARSAY
• Planning
• Economic • Environmental • Social • Law & Taxes • Community Initiative • Activism
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
POLICY
Closing gaps
![Page 16: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Confronting uncertainty
![Page 17: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Not knowing
![Page 18: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Not knowing
The quality of your life is in direct proportion to the
amount of uncertainty you can comfortably deal
with…
Anthony Robbins
![Page 19: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The limits of models
![Page 20: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The limits of models
Portland Metro vs. Oregon State
![Page 21: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Avoiding the “ostrich trap”
What is much more sensible, is to say, "Well, this is what I think now, but I am going to come back and look at this again and again. If, as the future comes nearer, I find my predictions were wrong, I am going to change what I did. Not only that, I am going to design my decision in ways which allow me to change easily."
Guy Burgess
Co-Director, Conflict Research Consortium University of Colorado, Boulder
![Page 22: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
An uncertain, new paradigm
![Page 23: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Challenges
We can’t assume growth will happen
Continued global fiscal contraction
Declining resources
If we plan it, will it happen?
If we build it, will they come?
Can we implement everything we want?
![Page 24: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Where could we be going?*
* 2010 Map of the decade, Institute of the Future
Option 1 – Growth
One step ahead of disaster
Option 2 - Constraint
Sustainable paths in a low-capital
world
Option 3 - Collapse
Local disasters, regional conflicts
Option 4 - Transformation
Super-structured systems
![Page 25: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Opportunities
Catastrophes force us to re-think/rebuild
Forced frugality creates natural efficiencies
Forced frugality compels innovation
Survival pressure = strategic, clever adaptation
![Page 26: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Business-as-usual isn't working!
![Page 27: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Emerging Urban
Problems…
(Issues that will dominate us)
![Page 28: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Complexity
![Page 29: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Livability
Integrated thinking
Adaptability
Resilience
Coherence
Quality
Diversity
Balance
![Page 30: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Infrastructure
Keep what we have
Manage what we want
Rethink what we need
Restructure
![Page 31: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The public realm
Is it really public?
Are we designing it as
we will use it?
![Page 32: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Radical change
Can we handle
sudden change?
![Page 33: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mobility
Mobility at all scales
Integrated systems
![Page 34: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Resources
Money
Expertise
Comprehension
Will
![Page 35: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Politics
The system
Human nature
Institutional habit/tradition
Culture/personalities
![Page 36: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The challenges
of cities…
![Page 37: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Uncontrolled growth
Irresponsible land development
Aging infrastructure
Obsolete development patterns
Social inequity
Loss of cultural heritage
Environmental damage
Loss of indigenous landscape & habitat
Under utilized industrial land
Dominance of the automobile
Global trends
![Page 38: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
So why do we prefer cities?
![Page 39: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Opportunity
Choice
Synergy
Culture
Fun
Convenience
More!
Immediacy
A necessary evil…?
Reasons to be there!
![Page 40: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Recent influences
on city design…
![Page 41: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Contemporary planning & design
![Page 42: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Advocacy Planning (Paul Davidoff ‘69) Citizen Participation (Arnstein ‘69) Planning as a social & political act that is not value neutral (Altshuler ‘65, Rabinovitz ‘69)
“Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning” (Horst Rittel ‘73) Transactive or inclusive planning (Friedman ’73) Synoptic or Systems Thinking (model based ends & means) Incrementalism (Charles Lindblom ‘84-)
Planning as an “apolitical” act designed to protect public interest
Introduction of social sciences & evaluation of the role of planning
Planning as process Decision theory “Satisficing” (Herbert Simon ‘45-’69) Limits of individual & social rationality
Theory
? Contemporary Planning Theory Education Richard E Klosterman, Florida State University
“The Production of Space”, (Henri Lefebvre ‘74, ‘91) “Theory of Communicative Action” (Jurgen Habermas ‘81) “Disabling Professions”, “Tools for Conviviality” (Ivan Illych ‘73) “Beyond the Stable State” (D. Schon ‘73) “The Reflective Practitioner” (D. Schon ‘83)
“Rise of the Network Society” (Manuel Castells ‘96) “Global City” (Saskia Sassen ‘91, ‘01) D
ec
linin
g r
ela
tio
nsh
ip
be
twe
en
th
eo
ry a
nd
pra
ctic
e
![Page 43: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Planning practice
Planning is largely ad hoc and reactive
Future plans are increasingly based upon models
The current paradigm tends to be heavy on aspiration
A general obsession with growth
Planning as a “contact sport”
Inability to focus on only a few “achievable” goals
![Page 44: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
E. Howard 1889
Bauhaus 1919
Le Corbusier 1922 Sert 1928
Mumford 1938
Ed Bacon 1967
Ackoff 1974
Friedman 1979
New Urb 1989
MVRDV 1999
J Jacobs 1961
Theory
Design Manifestos vs. Social Scientists
![Page 45: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
THEN
Manifestos underscore the
importance of design
Imposed hierarchies
Utopian constructs
Aspirations, solutions without
knowledge
Architecture driven solutions
NOW
Consensus driven outcomes
Prediction based plans
Guilt driven responses
(environment)
Fast results & gains
Infrastructure as driver
Resource issues
Multidisciplinary responses
Apathy & fear…
Urban design practice
![Page 46: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Theory vs. Practice
No patience for theory
No clear translations of theory to implementation
Failure of planning to plan for uncertainties
A lack of consensus on a common “social agenda”
A failure of education/comprehension/understanding?
![Page 47: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
What changed?
![Page 48: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
“The City is not a tree” – Christopher Alexander
“Wicked Problems: Structuring Social Messes with Morphological Analysis” - Horst Rittel
“Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning” – Horst Rittel & Melvin Webber
“The Architecture of Complexity” – Herbert Simon
Real Time Mapping, Graz- MIT Senseable Lab
Cities are more complex than we thought…
![Page 49: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
We got lazy
The slow leakage of contextuality
Architectural Pluralism
Impatience!
Any “landmark” will do!
Build it they will come!
Architecture is the experience!
![Page 50: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Standardization of spatial distribution in
architecture
Interiors are more and more generic,
skins are variants
Identity is only manifest when space is
individualized by the occupant (more
subtle)
Global generica
No differentiation only complexity
![Page 51: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Urban identity is more
subtle - its more social &
less from culturally derived
form
Our personal sense of
space & place defines
our meaning of it – less
the design
Sustained exclusivity
through design alone is
getting harder to
accomplish & maintain
The uncertain role of architecture
The full extent of complexity is no longer obvious
![Page 52: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
A lot of worries…
75% of world lives in Nairobi’s (Topfer)
Hard to change expectations (Topfer)
How do we fit 9 Billion people? (Topfer)
Preoccupation with guilt management
(Braungart)
A changing economic & social paradigm
Fear of change
![Page 53: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The problem defined
Cities are too complex
for design alone to
satisfy their needs
But design thinking and
skills can help!
PDX
![Page 54: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Scaled Thinking Basis for spatial planning
2
![Page 55: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Methodology SOILS WETLANDS VISUAL & SCENIC GEOLOGY & SEISMIC BIOLOGICAL (PLANT & ANIMAL) DRAINAGE/FLOODING/WATER QUALITY
NATURAL
OPPORTUNITIES
&
CONSTRAINTS
MAN-MADE
ASSUMPTIONS
WEIGHTED CRITERIA
CONTEXT
LAND USE ZONING UTILITIES LIGHT NOISE
TRAFFIC & CIRCULATION HISTORICAL AIR QUALITY ARCHEOLOGICAL MAGNETIC & EMF
LOCATION DESCRIPTION HISTORY IMAGE CULTURAL
ECONOMY DEMOGRAPHY PUBLIC SERVICES AESTHETICS NEEDS
DEVELOPMENT
THRESHOLDS
SYNTHESIS
SELECTION
ELABORATION
SUITABILITY
ANALYSIS
SOCIAL - ECONOMIC -
ENVIRONMENTAL - POLITICAL -
CRITERIA -
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES - MASTER PLANNING - DESIGN GUIDELINES -
POLICY & REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES -
ALTERNATIVES
![Page 56: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & DEVELOPMENT SUITABILITY STUDY
REPUBLIC OF PALAU
Small nation scale
![Page 57: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Papua
Philippines
Indonesia
Palau
Process of self-determination
Prior studies
Palau 2020-national master development plan (1996)
Economic development plan (1995-1999)
Sustainable development policies & actions plan (1997)
JICA report (2000)
State development plans & programs
Other prior work
Current development concepts & proposals
Setting
![Page 58: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
PROVIDE FRAMEWORKS FOR:
National & statewide resource management
Sustainable land use
Assessment of development proposals
Establishing development priorities
Objectives
![Page 59: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Land-based detail
Relevant prior visions & plans
Evaluating national & state plans
Providing direction for additional studies
A decision tool
![Page 60: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
THIS STUDY…
Relied on existing information
+ Palauan involvement & guidance
Did not address land ownership questions
Was not a zoning or General Plan
This work was intended to be a basis for them
Limitations
![Page 61: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
LEADERSHIP, CITIZEN & AGENCY INVOLVEMENT
PLAN GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & GUIDELINES
ISSUE
IDENTIFICATION & PRIMARY GOALS
- LAND RESOURCES
- INFRASTRUCTURE
- SOCIAL/CULTURAL
- ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
RESOURCE
INVENTORY
- NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
- CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
- BUILT ENVIRONMENT
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT TRACK
ALTERNATIVE PLANS
• LAND USE • ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT • INFRASTRUCTURE • RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
& CONSTRAINTS
- NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
- CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
- BUILT ENVIRONMENT
LAND/RESOURCE SUITABILITY
- COMMUNITY & URBAN DEVELOPMENT
- AGRICULTURE & RESOURCE HARVEST
- CONSERVATION/ PRESERVATION
NEEDS ANALYSIS
- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
- PUBLIC SERVICE & FACILITIES
- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
- NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
- CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
- BUILT ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
ACHIEVEMENT ASSESSMENT
PROPOSED & FINAL PLANS
CIP ZONING PLANS DESIGN GUIDELINES ENFORCEMENT LEGISLATION
SOCIAL/CULTURAL/ECONOMIC TRACK
Process
![Page 62: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Obtain administrative, agency & public input
Refine goals, objectives & policies
Establish land & resource suitability
Assess suitability for candidate land uses
Develop resource management criteria & policies
Prepare draft & final study report
Steps
![Page 63: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Methodology
Reasons for mapping
Criteria for resource management (suitability ranking)
Opportunity & constraints factors
Natural & cultural resources
Land use & development
Composite suitability analysis
Analysis
![Page 64: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
To avoid unintended consequences to
resources due to unsuitable siting or activities
To recognize the best ‘potential’ for limited
land and water resources
To reduce or reverse threats or loss of ‘unique’
species or habitats
Reasons for mapping
![Page 65: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Assembly Natural & Cultural Resources
Hydrology
Soils
Vegetation & Wildlife
Cultural Resources
Marine Resources
Land Use & Development
Slope
Soils
Existing Land Use
Infrastructure
Cultural Tourism
Marine
Composite Analysis (Resource Suitability )
Natural Features Analysis
Man-made Features Analysis
Suitability Analysis
![Page 66: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Suitability ranking
Natural & Cultural Resources Suitability for Development
Opportunity & Constraint Factors Least Suitable Potentially Suitable Most Suitable
Hydrology Streams Order 1 & 2 with 75’ setback
Streams Order 3 & 4 with 50’ setback
Lakes including setback area
Soils Eroding
Vegetation & Wildlife
Wetlands
Mangroves
Mangroves - setback
Designated preserves & reserves
Designated special management areas*
Designated Conservation Areas*
Candidate protection areas*
Cultural Resources
Sites on the National Register
Sites eligible for the National Register**
Sites of continuing cultural interest**
Marine Resources
Designated preserves & reserves
Designated special management areas*
Candidate protection areas*
* Potential uses limited by resource protection goals ** Potential uses may be limited subject to further study
![Page 67: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Suitability ranking Land Use & Development Suitability for Development
Opportunity & Constraint Factors Least Suitable Potentially Suitable
Most Suitable
Slope > 30%
13 to 30%
< 13%
Soils Agricultural potential (+ old fallow sites) Special overlay – tradeoff decision required when potential overlaps with otherwise Most
Suitable or Potentially Suitable Land Agroforestry potential (+ old fallow sites)
Existing Land
Use (includes
approved & pending uses)
Cities
Towns
Hamlets
Golf Course
Agriculture
Agroforestry
Aqua/marine culture
Mines & quarries
Ports & docks
Airport
Airport compatible use zone
Landfill
Power plant
Infrastructure Areas served by paved roads
Areas served by power
Areas served by water
Diversions
Areas served by sewer
Cultural
Tourism
Prehistoric/Historic sites with
interpretive/tourism potential
Interpretive/tourism potential
Marine Aquaculture potential (+ former sites) Special Overlay – potential tradeoff
![Page 68: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Natural Features Analysis
Man-made Features Analysis
Suitability Analysis
Simplified Analysis
Development suitability
![Page 69: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
NATURAL ANALYSIS
MAN-MADE ANALYSIS
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
Development suitability ISLAND SCALE
![Page 70: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
AIRAI STATE
Natural & cultural resources STATE SCALE
![Page 71: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
AIRAI STATE
Development resources
![Page 72: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
AIRAI STATE
Suitability analysis
![Page 73: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
NATURAL
ANALYSIS
MAN-MADE ANALYSIS
SUITABILITY
ANALYSIS
INTERPRETED SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
Development suitability STATE SCALE
![Page 74: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
Development suitability LOCALIZED TERRITORY
![Page 75: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
New town scale NEW TOWN CONCEPT
JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA
![Page 76: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Assembly Natural & Cultural Resources
Hydrology/Stream Corridors
Soils
Slopes
Cultural Resources
Marine Resources
Land Use & Development
Solar Access
Existing Land Use
Highways
Utility Easements/ Corridors
Composite Analysis (Resource Suitability )
Suitability Analysis
![Page 77: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
CONCEPT
AREA DETAIL
New town scale
![Page 78: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
CONCEPT
AREA DETAIL
New town scale
![Page 79: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
DETAILED PLAN
COMPOSITE ANALYSIS
CONCEPT
MASTER PLANNING FEASIBILITY STUDY
CALIFORNIA
Local scale
![Page 80: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
City scale URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK
PORTLAND, OREGON
![Page 81: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
If you didn’t know anything
about the future
What kind of city would
you want anyway?
A framework for
Portland
![Page 82: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
HISTORY
PRECEDENTS
FALL ‘08 EARLY ‘09
EXISTING
PLAN
CURRENT
ISSUES EXISTING
CONDITIONS
BIG
IDEAS
DEVELOPMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
URBAN DESIGN
FRAME WORK
PLAN PRIORITIES BONES
FAR
Height
Skyline
88 Central City Plan
Development Capacity
Open Space
Transportation
Green City Infrastructure
Community Amenities
Cognitive Mapping
Portland’s Great Plans
Historical
Contemporary
Attractors
Corridors & Links
Nodes
Edges
Method
![Page 83: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
1. Urban Design Assessment Understand potential by assessing
2. Basis for Placemaking Identify needs and wants
3. Urban Design Framework Converge needs and wants
BROAD OBJECTIVE Create a basis for strategic investments to maximize public benefit
URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK (locations with performance criteria)
CONVERGENCE Composite Overlay
Precedents Historical - relevant case studies
Contemporary - urban design plans (review)
History
1903 - 1988
Great Plans for
Portland
Existing
Conditions
Current
(Focus) Issues
Needs Wants
CONCEPT
• Urban “Bones”
• Perceived Districts
& Boundaries
• Preferred &
Potential Green
Corridors
• Development
Opportunities
Transit
Ridership
Concentration
Development
Opportunities
Existing Plan 1988 Central City
Plan analysis
Process
![Page 84: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Portland’s Great Plans…
1903 Olmsted
1912 Bennett
1921 Cheney
1932 Bartholomew
1943 Moses
1966 Comprehensive Plan
1972 Downtown Plan
1988 Central City Plan
History
SHOULD WE BE LOOKING AT
PROJECTS INCREMENTALLY?
![Page 85: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Barcelona
Edinburgh
Old Kyoto
Glasgow
Philadelphia
Savannah
Precedents
ARE THERE BETTER WAYS TO
LOOK AT THE CITY?
![Page 86: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Criteria
Cities with recent downtown plans
Cities with central city & urban design elements
Cities with distinct attitudes
Precedents
![Page 87: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
POLICY 12
RICH PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENTS
EXCELLENCE IN BUILDING DESIGN
HUMAN SCALED BUILDINGS, STREETS &
OPEN SPACES
DISTRICTS WITH DISTINCT CHARACTER
& DIVERSITY
CLEAR & PROTECTED PUBLIC VIEWS
HIGH DENSITIES AROUND TRANSIT
CORRIDORS & TRANSITIONS TO RIVER
CONCEPT PLAN
FOCUS ON THE RIVER
CONCENTRATED DEVELOPMENT
ALONG TRANSIT CORRIDORS
RETAIL OFFICE CORES, LOW
DENSITY COMMERCIAL AREAS &
INDUSTRIAL USE
A CLEAR & COMPREHENSIVE PARK
& OPEN SPACE SYSTEM
CENTRAL CITY PLAN MAP
CENTRAL CITY GATEWAYS
MAJOR ATTRACTIONS
EXISTING & PROPOSED TRANSIT
CORRIDORS
Current Plan
![Page 88: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Districts
Landmarks
Paths
Nodes
Edges
Cognitive mapping
HOW DO WE CAPITALIZE
UNIQUENESS?
Existing Conditions
Inconsistent Plans
![Page 89: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
ENHANCE CREATE PRESERVE
Civic intuition
![Page 90: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Height (ZONED VS LIKELY)
What the
standards allow
What’s more likely
ARE THERE BETTER WAYS TO
LOOK AT THE CITY?
Better questions (without presumptions of the solutions)
![Page 91: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
What the
standards
allow
What’s
more likely
Better questions (without presumptions of the solutions)
![Page 92: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Skyline today
What the
standards allow
Likely maximum
outcome
Skyline & Visual Identity
Focus issues
![Page 93: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
People congregate because they have…
A “need” (i.e. transit hubs)
A “want” (i.e. something uniquely appealing)
Assess why people want to be there!
Designed
Evolved
Appropriated
![Page 94: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
A. Identify convergences:
Understand and map where people
congregate or could congregate (need vs. want) Identify which places are the most able to become great places (criteria)
DESIROUS LOCATIONS
(want)
PLACES OF NECESSITY (need)
AREAS OF
GREATEST POTENTIAL
TRANSIT RIDERSHIP CONCENTRATIONS
PREFERRED GREEN CORRIDORS
PERCIEVED DISTRICTS & BOUNDARIES
OUR MENTAL MAP (COGNITIVE)
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Assembly
![Page 95: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Assembly Wants
Urban “Bones”
Perceived Districts &
Boundaries
Preferred Green Corridors
Development Opportunities
Composite Analysis (Resource Suitability)
Suitability Analysis
Needs
Transit Ridership Concentrations
![Page 97: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
NODES
GREEN RINGS
MAJOR CORRIDORS STREET
& TRANSIT
ATTRACTORS
B. Link convergences:
Identify where links and connections
will reinforce the convergences (place-making nodes) Identify “green” networks and preferred movement corridors that compliment convergences (place-
making nodes)
Framework concept
![Page 98: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Urban design framework
“Great ”fountain plaza
New Buildings
Existing landmark
Extended Sandy Blvd
Morrison Bridgehead
MLK Grand Ave Corridor Green Network
![Page 99: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Places as catalysts
Ground level emphasis
Flexible approaches
Intent vs. Outcomes
Urban design framework
Directing development..
![Page 100: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Riverfront
Infill
A basis for intelligent dialogue
Bridgehead
![Page 101: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Things we can do Approaches we can develop
3
![Page 102: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Cities & the role of
technology
![Page 103: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Gaps
Monetize core
competencies
Realize economies of scale
Capitalize data & related
services
Grow
Provide basic services
Better inclusivity
Assure and improve
quality of life
Do more with less
Tech Providers Cities
![Page 104: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Where tech can help
Better inclusiveness
Credible
information
Equitable access to
information
ISSUES TOOLS
What’s needed Role of technology
INNOVATION
SPACE
Reliable outcomes
Comprehension
Credible options
Diagnostics
Monitoring
Decision support
Management &
maintenance
Opportunity
Value
&
![Page 105: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Tech hype & hopes…
There is an “app” for everything
Informatics is a big solution so data
management is a challenge
The “Smart”-er we are, the more real world
problems we solve
Digital Dualism? – virtual vs. real
![Page 106: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Smart issues
Cost barriers
Low and mid tech?
Maintenance & management vs. long term
planning
Reach and accessibility
![Page 107: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Sustainability vs. Growth
![Page 108: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Dilemmas & polemic
Economic growth = consumption:
Can we manage with less at the same time?
Sustainability is learning to not consume at all
Helping the infrastructure of cities handle shifts
in demand vs. convincing people to change
behavior
![Page 109: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Knowledge Cities
&
![Page 110: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Do we undertake
innovation &
knowledge sharing
for the sake of it,
or….?
Infrastructure…
Technological
Social
Physical
Cultural
Political
Intellectual Art
Economic
Environmental
![Page 111: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Going deeper
Too much data, not enough
knowledge
Wisdom takes time
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Knowledge
Understanding
![Page 112: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Re-learning learning
How can we better understand complexity?
How should we embrace uncertainty?
How do we restructure our ways of sharing
knowledge and making more informed
decisions?
![Page 113: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Innovation New ways to think & do
![Page 114: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Cities need to…
Manage expectations
Balance a wide spectrum of need with
shrinking means
Provide and assure basic services
Assure and improve quality of life
![Page 115: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Suggested Attitudes
![Page 116: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Embrace complexity
Cities are collections of
organized complexity
The key to working with
complexity is embracing not
simplifying it or fearing it
![Page 117: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
It’s easier to make
boxes..
Boxes are bad
Politics
Community Finance
Social
Infrastructure
![Page 118: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
This means…
Shared
responsibility and
concern…
Co-own the problem
![Page 119: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Rethink the problem
Too many solutions
looking for a problem
Stay away from
formulas – do what is
specific to your
problem
Avoid branding
before working it all
out
![Page 120: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Work across territories
Rethink management
& maintenance
Solve by problem, not
by department
Rethink governance
![Page 121: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Invent better tools
![Page 122: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Think integrated
Urban Mobility
Rail Solutions
Components & systems
Metros
Trams & Light Rail
Commuter & Intercity Transport
Road Solutions
Parking Management
Service
Tolling systems
Traffic control & information
Flow optimization
Planning
Cross platform Integrated custom solutions Cities need advice on how to optimize mobility across platforms
Rethinking our approach to mobility
![Page 123: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Tighter collaborations
Philanthropies Resources
The Market Efficiency
Government Endorsement
New & integrated
sectorial dependencies
Relatively small
cooperation space
Increased need for
strategic approaches
NGO’s Delivery
![Page 124: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Where innovation is
most helpful…
![Page 125: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Innovation space
Adoption problems Inside the paradigm “Embraceable”
Shifted Paradigm
![Page 126: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Clues from other disciplines
What is absolutely needed for success?
What will guarantee failure?
Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 Strategy 4
![Page 127: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
… In conclusion
![Page 128: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Avoid heavy dependencies (e.g. energy, bandwidth, data management etc.)
Maintain accessibility (for the largest audience)
Compensate & fill needs, avoid creating
random new wants
Factor in behavior & human nature, don’t try
to alter it
Cities need
Better strategies 6
More focus
![Page 129: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Scalability & resilience
Avoid obsolescence (design in the ability to adapt)
Adjust to shifting priorities (help crisis management)
Help phased strategies be self-reliant
Create resilient business models
Better strategies 5 Cities need
![Page 130: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
If we have to stop will we have a disaster… but if we continue will we have a bigger one?
Does improvement always have to be
about growth?
Is your solution driving the problem?
Better strategies 4
Circumspection…
Cities need
![Page 131: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
If we want to avoid generic cities
then we must stop having generic
approaches and responses to them
Better strategies 3
Uniqueness…
Cities need
![Page 132: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Thinking about uncertain futures means
being able to imagine many versions of
them in our solutions…
Better strategies 2
Adaptability…
Cities need
![Page 133: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
We need to respond and serve the
culture of cities, but not dictate them…
Better strategies 1
A reality check…
Cities need
![Page 134: ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an ... · ByPlanLab: Danske byers udfordringer 2012 Planning in an Uncertain World Innovation in a changing paradigm December](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042300/5ecac0d458efb03bef134d24/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
It’s all we have…