Biology

OSWAAL BOOKS“Oswaal House” 1/11, Sahitya Kunj, M.G. Road, AGRA-282002Ph.: 0562-2857671, 2527781, Fax : 0562-2854582, 2527784

email : contact@oswaalbooks.com, website : www.oswaalbooks.com

Published by :

Strictly Based on the Latest Syllabus issued by CBSE Board for 2015 Examination

Chapter-Wise SolutionsQUESTION BANK

Including Solved Paper - 2014

Andaman & NicobarPORT BLAIR : Andaman Book Centre, Ph.: (3192) 245312 Mitali Enterprises, Ph. (03192) 230749

Andhra PradeshGUNTOOR : Y. Renuka Devi, Ph.: (0863) 2252308 HYDERABAD : Himalaya Book World, Ph.: (040) 224732057,66822350 Raj Kamal Book Centre, Ph.:(040) 24756064 VIJAYAWADA : Excel Book & Stationery, Ph.: (0866) 2492635 VISHAKHAPATNAM : Rajeshwari Book Link, Ph.: (0891) 6661718

AssamGUWAHATI : Books & Books, Ph.: 9854152607 Book Emporium, Ph.: (0361) 2635094 Prime Book & Periodicals, Ph.: (0361) 2733065 LAKHIMPUR : Vidya Mandir, Ph.: 9435089840

BiharBHAGALPUR : Sanjay Book Store, Ph.: (0641) 2424830, PATNA : Bokaro Student Friends, Ph. : (0612) 2300600 Nova Publisher & Distributors, Ph.: (0612) 2666404 Gyan Ganga, Ph.: (0612) 2268394 Sri Durga Pustak Mandir, Ph. : (0612) 2301704 Sharda Pustak Bhandar, Ph.:9204528373, 9204281431 Vikas Book Depot, Ph.: (0612) 2304753 PURNEA : Chaurasia Book Centre, Ph.: 09006717044 MUNGER : New Aman Book & Stationers, Ph.: (06344)220757

ChattisgarhBILASPUR : Sri Book Depot, Ph.: (07752) 220920, 232342 DURG : Jai Bhawani Book Depot, Ph.: (0788) 2327620RAIPUR : Shri Ramdev Traders, Ph.: (0771)2533465, 4099446

DelhiDELHI : R.D. Chawla & Sons, Ph.:(011) 23282360 -61 Mittal Books, Ph.: (011) 23288887

GoaGOA : Golden Heart Emporium, Ph.:(0832) 2725208, 3257383

GujaratAHMEDABAD : Tushar Book, Ph.: (079)26578741, 26587103 Abhyas Book, Ph.: (079) 26766366 Rohinee Sales, Ph. : (079) 27503622, 27506022 Mahajan Book Depot, Ph.: (079) 25356031 VAPI : Vinay General Store, Ph.: 9925817463 RAJKOT : Royal Stationers, Ph.: (0281) 2582926, 2576910 SURAT : Shopping Point, Ph.: (0261) 2230097 Kaji Book & Stationers, Ph.: (0261) 2767156

HaryanaGURGAON : Adlakha Stationery, Ph.: (0124) 2306991, 230599

JharkhandBOKARO : Bokaro Student Friends, Ph.: (06542) 234706 DHANBAD : Bokaro Student Friends, Ph.: (0236) 2302493 HAZARIBAGH : Kalyani Book House, Ph.: 09304804856 RANCHI : Bokaro Student Friends, Ph. (0651) 2212447

KarnatakaBANGALORE : Hema Book World, Ph.: (080) 40905110 Sapna Book House, Ph.: (080) 40114455 Hema Stores, Ph.: (080) 25575110 Avenue Book Centre, Ph.: (080) 22244753 Karnataka Book Depot, Ph.: (080) 22291832 Vasanta Book House, Ph.: (080)22216342 Chandarkala Book Centre, Ph.: (080) 22278190 Balaji Books Centre, Ph.: (080) 23331259BELLARY : Pragati Book Stall, Ph.: (08392) 272727 Chaitanya Agency and Books, Ph.: 8277477778 DAVANGERE : Laxmi Agencies, Ph.: (08192) 231271 MANGALORE : Bharath Book Mark, Ph.: 0824-4273030 4260030 School Book Co., 0824-2496923, 4281777

KeralaERNAKULAM : H & C Store,Ph.: (0484) 2377235 Orient Book House, Ph.:(0484) 2370431 Academic Book House, Ph.: 0484-2376613 Surya Book House, Ph.: (0484) 2363721KOCHI : Skoo Books, Ph.: (0484) 4023111, 4023222KOTTAYAM : H &C Store, Ph.: (0481) 2304351 BOOK Centre, Ph.: (0481) 2566992KOZHIKODE : Edumart, Ph.:(495) 4040395 T.B.S. Publishers, Ph.: (0495) 2720085PATHANAMTHITTA : H & C Store, Ph.: (0468) 2223081 PALARIVATTOM : H & C Store, Ph.: (0484) 2344337 PERUMBAVOOR : Adithya Book House, Ph.: (0484) 2594186 THRISSUR : Giftalia Book Bhawan, Ph.: (487) 2336918 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM : Academic Book House, Ph.: 0471-2333349 TRIVENDRUM : H & C Store, Ph.: (0471) 2572010

Madhya PradeshGWALIOR : Krishna Sons, Ph.:(0751)2320431 Agarwal Book Depot, Ph. : (0761) 4068183

INDORE : Arun Prakashan, Ph.: (0731) 2454372, 2459448 Mahesh Book Depot, Ph.: (0731) 2447635 Student Book Depot, Ph.: (0731) 2535892, 4053333 S.P. & SONS, Ph.: (0731) 2452680, 2451933JABALPUR : Akash Book Distributors, Ph.:(0761)4063099, 2653200 Sangam General Store, Ph.: (0761)2412592, 2413673KATNI : Agrasen Stationers, Ph.: (07622) 403377 Mahaveer Agencies, Ph.: (07622) 400683NEEMUCH : Old & New Book Centre, Ph.: 9827075062REWA : Siddharth Enterprises, Ph.: (07662) 404019 UJJAIN : Sri Nath Book Depot, Ph.: (0734) 2556903,2556902

MaharashtraAHMEDNAGAR : Heera Book Store, Ph.: (0241) 2418770 AURANGABAD : Maya Book Centre, Ph. (0240) 2360150 Aarti Book Centre, Ph.: (0240) 2333366 CHANDARPUR : Novelty Book Depot, Ph.: (07172-277418 JALGAON : Sharma Book Depot, Ph.: (0257) 6958794 KOLHAPUR : Jai Book Co., Ph.: (0231) 2651003 MUMBAI : Student Agencies, Ph.: (022) 40496161 Shivam Book &Stationer, Ph.:(022)28381014, 28236000 Anjali Trading Co., Ph.: (022) 28714025, 28714024 Vidyarthi Sales Agencies, Ph.: (022) 23897279 NAVI MUMBAI : Krishna Book Store, Ph.: (022) 27744962NAGPUR : Novelty Book Depot, Ph.: (0712) 2534884 Vijay Book Depot, Ph.: (0712) 2534217, 2520496 NANDED : India Book Agencies, Ph. : 9890489460 PUNE : New Venture, Ph.:(020) 24485054 Sai Shubham, Ph.: (020) 69498635SOLAPUR : Mahavir General Store, Ph.: (0217)2723405WARDHA : Unique Traders, Ph.: (07152) 243617YAVATMAL : Dilip Book Agencies, Ph.: (07231) 245450

OrissaBHUBANESWAR : Sagar Book Store, Ph.: (0674) 2516040, 2506040

PunjabBHATINDA : Janta Book Depot, Ph.: (0164) 2253993 LUDHIANA : Chhabra Book Depot, Ph.: (0161) 2405427

RajasthanBHARATPUR : Sunil Book Centre, Ph. (05644) 233777 BHILWARA : Nakoda Book Depot, Ph. : (01482) 239653JAIPUR : Goyal Book Distributors,Ph.: (0141) 2571673 KOTA : Bhandari Stationers, Ph.: 0744-2391958

Tamil NaduCHENNAI : Indian Book House, Ph.:(044) 24327784 Central Book Distributors, Ph.: (044)24343336 Kamal Store, Ph.: (044) 24419202, 42117130 Ruby Books, Ph.: (044) 26425958 P.C.M. Book Shop, Ph.: (044) 24337329 Arraba Book Traders, Ph.: (044) 25387868

TripuraAGARTALA : Book Corner, Ph.: (0381) 2301945

Uttar PradeshAGRA : Ajay Book Depot, Ph. : (0562) 2254621, 2250262 Om Pustak Mandir, Ph.: (0562) 2464014, 3059218 Manav Book Depot, Ph.: (0562) 6545883 ALIGARH : Shaligram & Sons, Ph.: (0571) 2421887 ALLAHABAD : Mehrotra Book Depot, Ph.: (0532) 2400129, 2266865 Book Wala, Ph.: 7388100488AZAMGARH : Sasta Sahitya Sadan, Ph.: (05462) 224421 BILASPUR : Raj Book Agencies, Ph.: 9412150750 DHAMPUR : Ram Kumar Mahaveer Prasad, Ph. : (01344) 221064GHAZIABAD : Kamal Prakashan, Ph.: (0120) 2830051 GORAKHPUR : Vidyarthi Sahitya Bhandar, Ph.: (0551) 3249392KANPUR : Fairdeal Book Seller, Ph.: (0512) 2652683 LUCKNOW : Azad Book Distributor, Ph.:(0522)2350981,2619939 Rama Book Depot, Ph.: (0522) 4045252 Chacha Enterprises, Ph.: (0522) 4105921, 248117 Sharma Stationery Book & General Store, Ph.:2456851MATHURA : Vishnu Book Depot, Ph.: (0565) 2401096 MEERUT : Mahi Book Palace, Ph.: (0121) 2641791 Ideal Book Depot, Ph.: (0121) 2660648NOIDA : Book Land, Ph.: (0120) 2412054 Delta Stationery, Ph.: 9818907067 VARANASI : Bokaro Student Friends, Ph.: (0542) 2401250 Gupta Books, Ph.: 2413017, 2410012

UttarakhandHALDWANI : Arvind Book Agencies, Ph.: (05946) 250581

West BengalKOLKATA : Oriental Publishers,Ph.:(033) 22191591, 22198367 Saha Book House, Ph.: (033) 22193671 Eureka Book Emporium, Ph.: (033) 25934001 Katha�O�Kahani Pvt. Ltd., Ph.: 22419071, 22196313SILIGURI : Novelty Books, Ph.: (0353) 2525445

Code: 1903

Our Distributors

Disclaimer :Oswaal Books has exercised due care and caution in collecting the data before publishing this book. Inspite of this if any omission, inaccuracy or printing error occurs with regards to the data contained in this book, Oswaal Books will not be held responsible or liable. Oswaal Books will be grateful if you could point out any such error or your suggestion which will be of great help for other readers.

For more Book-shops visit www.OswaalBooks.com

© Publisher

Price : ` 199

Typeset by : Agra Laser PointPrinted by : Aadhya Printers

ISBN : 978-93-5127-216-8

CONTENTS

Solved Paper, 2014 1 - 32

Solved Compartment Paper, 2013 33 - 55

Unit I : Reproduction

1. Reproduction in Organisms 1 - 11

2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 12 - 33

3. Human Reproduction 34 - 49

4. Reproductive Health 50 - 60

Unit II : Genetics and Evolution

5. Principles of Inheritance and Variation 61 - 87

6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance 88 - 110

7. Evolution 111 - 124

Unit III : Biology in Human Welfare

8. Human Health and Disease 125 - 140

9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 141 - 151

10. Microbes in Human Welfare 152 - 158

Unit IV : Biotechnology and Its Application

11. Biotechnology : Principles and Processes 159 - 175

12. Biotechnology and its Application 176 - 186

Unit V : Ecology and Environment

13. Organisms and Population 187 - 201

14. Ecosystem 202 - 218

15. Biodiversity and Conservation 219 - 228

16. Environmental Issues 229 - 239

Syllabus Biology (044) Class XII (2014-15)

(THEORY)Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70

Unit Title No. of Periods Marks

1. Reproduction 30 14

2. Genetics and Evolution 40 18

3. Biology and Human Welfare 30 14

4. Biotechnology and its Applications 30 10

5. Ecology and Environment 30 14

Total 160 70

Unit 1: Reproduction 30 periods Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of

species; modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction - binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution 40 Periods Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance,

codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; genome and human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare 30 Periods Health and disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia,

filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.

SYLLABUS | v

Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

Unit 4: Biotechnology and Its Applications 30 Periods Principles and processes of biotechnology: Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents.

Unit 5: Ecology and Environment 30 Periods Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population

interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services - carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).

Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s).

PRACTICALSEvaluation Scheme Maximum Marks: 30

One Major Experiment 5 Marks

One Minor Experiment 4 Marks

Slide Preparation 5 Marks

Spotting 7 Marks

Practical Record+Viva Voce 4 Marks

Project Record + Viva Voce 5 Marks

Total 30 Marks

A. List of Experiments 60 Periods 1. Study pollen germination on a slide.

2. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.

3. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.

4. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites.

5. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.

6. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.

7. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.

8. Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

9. Isolation of DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

OSWAAL CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise Solutions, Biology-XIIvi |

B. Study/observation of the following (Spotting) 1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insect, bird).

2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide.

3. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).

4. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.

5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides.

6. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.

7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow’s peak and colour blindness.

8. Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging.

9. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Roundworm through permanent slides or specimens. Comment on symptoms of disease that they cause.

10. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

11. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

qq

QUESTION PAPER DESIGNClass XII (2014-15)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70S.

No.Typology of Questions Very

ShortAnswer(VSA)

(1 mark)

ShortAns-I(SA-I)

(2 marks)

ShortAnswer

–II(SA-II)

(3marks)

Value based

question(4marks)

LongAnswer

(LA)(5marks)

TotalMarks

%Weight-

age

1. Remembering-(Knowledge based Simple recall questions, to know specific facts, terms, concepts, principles, or theories, Identify, define,or recite, information)

2 1 1 – – 7 10%

2. Understanding-(Comprehension -To be familiar with meaning and to understand conceptually, interpret, compare, contrast, explain, paraphrase information)

– 2 4 – 1 21 30%

3. Application (Use abstract information in concrete situation, to apply knowledge to new situations, Use given content to interpret a situation, provide an example, or solve a problem)

– 2 4 – 1 21 30%

4. High Order Thinking Skills(Analysis & Synthesis- Classify,c o m p a r e , c o n t r a s t , o r differentiate etween different pieces of information, Organize and/or integrate unique pieces of information from a variety ofsources)

2 – 1 – 1 10 14%

5. E v a l u a t i o n a n d M u l t i -Disciplinary (Appraise, judge, and/or justify the value or worth of a decision or outcome, or to predict outcomes based on values)

1 – 2 1 – 11 16%

TOTAL 5x1=5 5x2=10 12x3=36 4x1=4 5x3=15 70(26) 100%

QUESTION WISE BREAK UPType of Question Mark(s) per Question Total No. of Questions Total Marks

VSA 1 5 05

SA-I 2 5 10

SA-II 3 12 36

VBQ 4 1 04

LA 5 3 15

Total 26 70

1. Internal Choice: There is no overall choice in the paper. However, there is an internal choice in one question of 2 marks weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all three questions of 5 marks weightage.

2. The above template is only a sample. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating similar templates keeping the overall weightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same.

CompartmentSolvedPaper

C.B.S.E. 2014All sets of Delhi & Outside Delhi

Class–XII

Biology(Theory)

Time : 3 hours] [Maximum Marks : 70

General Instructions :

(i) All questions are compulsory. (ii) This question paper consists of four Sections A, B, C and D. Section A contains 8 questions of one mark

each, Section B is of 10 questions of two marks each, Section C is of 9 questions of three marks each and Section D is of 3 questions of five marks each.

(iii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of 2 marks, one question of 3 marks and all the three questions of 5 marks weightage. A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.

(iv) Wherever necessary, the diagrams drawn should be neat and properly labelled.

Delhi Set I Code No. 57/1/1

Section-A 1. Write the two pre-fertilization events from the list given below : Syngamy, Gametogenesis, Embryogenesis, Pollination 1 2. Name an IUD that you would recommend to promote the cervix hostility to the sperms. 1 3. What is ‘saltation’ according do de Vries ? 1 4. Identify the two correct statements from the following : 1 (i) Apiculture means apical meristem culture. (ii) Spinach is iron-enriched. (iii) Green revolution has resulted in improved pulse-yields. (iv) Aphids cannot infest rapeseed mustard. 5. AboyhasbeendiagnosedwithADA-deficiency.Suggestanyonepossibletreatment. 1 6. What does ‘R’ represent in the given equation for productivity is an ecosystem ? 1 GRP – R = NPP 7. Where is good ozone present ? Why is it called so ? 1 8. How many kinds of phenotypes would you expect in F2 generation in a monohybrid cross exhibiting co-

dominance ? 1

Section-B 9. Banana crop is cultivated by farmers without sowing of seeds. Explain how the plant is propagated. 2 10. List the different parts of the human oviduct through which the ovum travels till it meets the sperm for

fertilization. 2 11. Explain aminoacylation of t-RNA. 2 12. Name an allergen and write the response of the human body when exposed to it. 2 13. How are morphine and heroin related ? Mention the effect each one of them has on the human body. 2 14. Explain the importance of inbreeding in cattle. 2