PRESENTED BY :- AVINASH SAHU B.TECH - BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIOCHIP (THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE)

OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY AND ITS COMPONENT

TYPES OF BIOCHIP

CONCLUSION

IMPLANATATION AND ADVANTAGES

APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHIP

REFERENCE

Introduction● Biochips are essentially miniaturized laboratories that can perform hundreds or

thousands of biochemical reactions simultaneously .

● Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail (2-12 Inches).

● Biochip used to record the simultaneous activity of thousands of genes in a cell, and is important for many areas of biology and medicine.

● Biochip is a device that is capable to analyse a wide range of physiological tasks when placed into the human body.

● The development started with early work on the underlying sensor technology. One of the first portable, chemistry-based sensors was the glass pH electrode, invented in 1922 by Hughes .

The biochip system is a radio frequency identification (RFID) based, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader .

Today’s, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes.

The biochip implant system consists of two components;

1. A Transponder and2. A Reader or Scanner.

BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY AND IT COMPONENTS 3D Surface image of a Biochip(Microchip)

IMPLANTING A BIO-CHIP

THE TRANSPONDER● The transponder is the actual biochip implant. ● It is a passive transponder it contains no battery

or energy of it's own. ● Being passive, it's inactive until the reader

activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge.

● Components of Biochip The biochip-transponder consists of four parts; 1.Computer microchip, 2.Antenna coil, 3.Capacitor And 4.Glass capsule.

THE READER or SCANNER● The reader consists of an "exciter" coil which

creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals, provides the necessary energy to "excite" or "activate" the implanted biochip.

● The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the "activated" implanted biochip. This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds.

● The reader also contains the software and components to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display.

THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM

TYPES OF BIOCHIPOn the basis of target molecules in the sample, biochips are classified as

● Protein biochips

● DNA biochip

● Enzyme biochips &

● Lab-on-a-chip

APPLICATION

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

GENETIC VARIATION

FORENSIC

MEDICAL PURPOSE

MOLECULAR LEVEL

PHARMACOGENOMICS

CANCER DIAGNOSIS

POLLUTION TRANSPORT COMPANIES

IMPLANTATION OF RETINA BIOCHIP

• Physicians are able to analyze blood results and recognize sepsis within 20 minutes using a biochip ,

• Sepsis, commonly known as 'blood poisoning,' is a life threatening illness, caused by patients’ own immune system going into overdrive.

• Sepsis immune response causes small blood clots to form, blocking blood flow to vital organs, resulting in organ failure. In the United States about 750,000 people get severe sepsis each year, and more than 200,000 die from it.

• These bind to the proteins – meaning antibodies, protein and marked antibodies are all firmly linked to each other and to the chip's surface. When the chip is illuminated, the dye lights up." The apparatus sees lots of little illuminated dots that show the protein was in the blood. But if the patient is healthy, however, the chip remains dark.

Biochip Can Recognize Sepsis Quickly

❖More sensitive than bioassay tests currently in use.

❖Faster analysis than traditional methods.

For example, a biochip, also known as a “lab-on-chip” can be used to detect food pathogens

like E . Coli , salmonella, listeria and others all at the same time.

❖Able to provide results in a matter of minutes, opening up the possibility of a rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tool for patients.

❖The potential of these devices is huge because multiple tests can be performed simultaneously.

❖ Biochip can recognize sepsis quickly.

❖ New biochip will test for HIV with just a drop of blood.

ADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION➢ Biochips can be employed for multiple applications in various spheres of

technology such as diagnosis of cancer, blood clots, analysis of biomarkers, biomolecules, etc,.

➢ The landscape study provides various other insights regarding principal assignees and their focus area. The analysis also reveals that USA and China are the leading countries for biochip development.

➢ Some mobile device manufacturers have even experimented with integrating biochips onto mobile phone cases so that mobile operators could potentially begin to offer health related services .

➢ It can be used in transport companies such as FedEx and Purolator in order to track where their trucks and drivers are. They already use this technology (RFID tags) to locate packages and track them around the world. Because they do not have to contact every drivers to know if they are on schedule, it saves time and money.

➢ The presence of such giants making big leaps in this technology is a clear indication that this industry has a bright future and it will mark a revolution in medicine .

➢ “The ultimate goal is to lessen dependence on animal test subjects and decrease time and cost for developing drugs”.

REFERENCES

1.LexInnova “Bio-chips: The Future Of Medicine - Patent Landscape Analysis” 13-Nov-2013

2.Prof. T.Venkat Narayana Rao, Sai Sukruthi.G, Gloria Raj . “ Biochip Technology –A Gigantic Innovation ” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012)

3. Images Via Google , Pinterest, and Videos via youtube

4.Best emerging tech from gartners hype cycle . “ TECH INSIDER ” (2015-8)

5.TODD LEWAN . “Chip Implants Linked to Animal Tumors - The Washington Post ” wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/08/AR2007090800997 .