“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis … · 2013. 8. 5. ·...

“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis

qarTulqarTulqarTulqarTul----evropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxebevropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxebevropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxebevropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxeb

,,saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi” aris proeqti, romlis dafinansebas axorcielebs

,,tasisis” programis farglebSi momuSave ,,ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-

evropuli sakonsultacio centri”.

,,tasisis” programa aris evrokavSiris iniciativa, romelic xels uwyobs axal damoukidebel

qveynebsa da monRoleTs da evrokavSirs Soris ekonomikisa da politikis dargSi urTierTobebis

harmoniul ganviTarebas.

,,tasisi” grantebis formiT afinansebs “nou-haus”, rac xels uwyobs sabazro ekonomikisa da

demokratiuli sazogadoebis principebze gadasvlas. igi Zalze didi programaa da Tavisi daarsebidan

(1991) 3 000-ze meti proeqti aqvs dafinansebuli, romlis saerTo Rirebuleba 4 220 milion ekius aRemateba.

,,tasisi” mWidrod TanamSromlobs partnior qveynebTan da uzrunvelyofs “nou-haus” gadmocemas

evropis saxelmwifo da kerZo organizaciebis farTo speqtridan: axorcielebs konsultaciebsa da

swavlebas, sakanonmdeblo da mmarTvelobis sistemis dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis gardaqmnasa da

ganviTarebas, sapartnioro urTierTobebis damyarebas, saerTaSoriso qselebis Camoyalibebas, erTobliv

sacdel proeqtebs.

,,ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio

centri” Seiqmna 1998 wels “tasisis” farglebSi, raTa daexmaros saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri da

samarTlebrivi reformis ganxorcielebas. centris samoqmedo gegma moicavs “saqarTvelos ekonomikis

mimarTulebebis” da analogiuri iuridiuli mimoxilvis gamocemas da saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis

ekonomikuri da samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi konsultacias.

saqarTvelos ekonomikis

mimarTulebebi kvartaluri mimoxilva

2002 weli, #2

es publikacia dafinansebulia evrokavSiris tasisis programis mier, romelic grantebis meSveobiT afinansebs axal damoukidebel qveynebSi da monRoleTSi sabazro ekonomikisa da demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis nou-haus.

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2

“saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” (sem) gamocemis mizania, saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri reformis mimdinareobiT dainteresebul pirebs miawodos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis msvlelobis mimoxilva. sem-i daarsda 1995 wels da qveyndeba qarTul da inglisur enebze. es da wina gamocemebi xelmisawvdomia internetis saSualebiT:

www.geplac.org

“saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” am gamoSvebaze muSaobdnen (anbanis mixedviT):

goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe, goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe, goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe, goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe,

goCagoCagoCagoCa kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, erekle naTaZe, dimitri erekle naTaZe, dimitri erekle naTaZe, dimitri erekle naTaZe, dimitri qemokliZe, qemokliZe, qemokliZe, qemokliZe, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, markmarkmarkmark hadsoni hadsoni hadsoni hadsoni

gamocema informacias Rebulobs

rigi samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan, maT Soris statistikis saxelmwifo departamentidan, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankidan, saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondidan, finansTa saministrodan, ekonomikis, mrewvelobis da vaWrobis saministrodan, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrodan, jandacvis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministrodan, sagareo urTierTobaTa saministrodan da sxva saministroebidan da saxelmwifo departamentebidan. wyaro miTiTebulia yvelgan, sadac ki es SesaZlebeli iyo. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciis momwodeblebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis (regularuli konsultaciebis) da maTi mxardaWeris gareSe am mimoxilvis momzadeba SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

sem-is mizania, sazogadoebisTvis

xelmisawvdom informaciaze damyarebuli, ekonomikis ganviTarebis tendenciebis damoukidebeli analizis warmodgena. garda amisa, mocemulia rCevebi ekonomikuri politikis ganxorcielebis, ekonomikuri da sxva informaciis Segrovebisa da gavrcelebis dargSi. gamocema miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikuri reformis mxardaWeras, masSi warmodgenilia mxolod gamomcemelTa azri da igi ar asaxavs evropuli komisiis, tasisis ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centrisa Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialur pozicias.

sem-i agreTve aqveynebs sxvadasxva

sferos warmomadgenel (saqarTvelos parlamenti, mTavroba, akademiuri wreebi) avtorTa ekonomikuri Sinaarsis statiebs, romlebic aqtualurad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikur procesebTan mimarTebaSi. gamoqveynebamde yvela statia ganixileba sem-is saredaqcio kolegiis mier, romelic zogierT SemTxvevaSi axdens statiaTa redaqtirebas avtorTa nebarTviT. statiis gamoqveyneba xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi srul SesabamisobaSia sem-is saredaqcio politikasTan. statiis gamoqveynebis msurvelebma unda miawodon Tavisi naSromi (qarTul an inglisur enaze) Word failis formatSi sem-is mTavar redaqtors, q-n veronika Snaiders eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: [email protected] an warmoadginon piradad GEPLAC–is ofisSi qvemoT miTiTebul misamarTze.

statiebis avtorTa azri da

Sexeduleba ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT warmoadgens mxolod maT pirad pozicias da SeiZleba ar emTxveodes rogorc sem-is saredaqcio kolegiis, aseve evropuli komisiis, tasisis ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centrisa Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialur pozicias.

mkiTxvels SeuZlia sem-is citireba yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, im pirobiT, rom wyaro saTanadod iqneba miTiTebuli. damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gTxovT daukavSirdeT:

veronika Snaiders veronika Snaiders veronika Snaiders veronika Snaiders

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebissaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebissaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebissaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis mTavar redaqtorsmTavar redaqtorsmTavar redaqtorsmTavar redaqtors ekonomikuri politikisekonomikuri politikisekonomikuri politikisekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi a da samarTlebrivi a da samarTlebrivi a da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTulsakiTxebis qarTulsakiTxebis qarTulsakiTxebis qarTul----evropuli evropuli evropuli evropuli sakonsultacio centrisakonsultacio centrisakonsultacio centrisakonsultacio centri (GEPLAC) Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 39 (pirdapiri)71 39 (pirdapiri)71 39 (pirdapiri)71 39 (pirdapiri) elelelel----fosta: fosta: fosta: fosta: [email protected]

sem-is kvartaluri gamocemis

regularulad misaRebad gTxovT SegvatyobinoT eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT romel enaze (qarTuli, inglisuri) gsurT sem-is miReba da Tqveni sakontaqto misamarTi.

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli #2 1

sarCevi

winasityvaoba 2

nawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebinawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebinawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebinawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebi

1 Tavi I. mokle mimoxilva 5

2 Tavi II. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis mTavari mimarTulebebi 10

3 Tavi III. saxelmwifo finansebi 17

4 Tavi IV. fuli da finansebi 26

5 Tavi V. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 37

6 Tavi VI. privatizacia 48

7 Tavi VII. dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa 54

8 Tavi VIII. saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi 73

kalendari 78

nawili II. danarTi: statiebinawili II. danarTi: statiebinawili II. danarTi: statiebinawili II. danarTi: statiebi

danarTi I. saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze 92

iohan ferStratenis, socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciis prezidentis moxseneba saerTaSoriso konferenciaze “saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier

danarTi II. socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis

sakanonmdeblo baza 119

irakli koplataZis, socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis direqtoris prezentazia saerTaSoriso konferenciaze “saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da socuzrunvelyofis

erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier danarTi III. saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada 124

leqso liparteliani, analitikosi, kompania “Galt & Taggart Securities LLC”

nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi

ekonomikuri glosariumi 139

statistikuri danarTi 150

abreviaturebi 163

winasityvaoba

2 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo

Cveulebriv, zafxulze vfiqrobT rogorc periodze, rodesac ar xdeba araferi

mniSvnelovani, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikisa da politikis sferoebSi. es metad

ucnauria, miTumetes Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom bolo ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi,

zafxulis periodSi adgili hqonda msoflios Semzarav bevr movlenas: omebs,

Tavdasxmebs, did brZolebsa da sxva.

amitom, ar unda gagvikvirdes, rom am zafxulsac sxvadasxva saintereso

ekonomikuri movlenebi ganviTarda da maT Soris:

• SeerTebul StatebSi, sabuRaltro angariSebTan da “korporatiul

marTvasTan” dakavSirebiT gaCaRebuli didi skandali. am ambavma

gamoiwvia aSS dolaris da aseve, safondo birJebis garkveulwilad

dasusteba (aSS dolari, faqtobrivad, evro-s gautolda), rasac

Sedegad mohyva is, rom mTavrobam moiTxova kompaniaTa xelmZRvaneli

Tanamdebobis pirebisgan rom Tavad daedasturebinaT TavianTi

kompaniebis angariSebis siswore;

• seriozuli wyaldidobebi centralur evropaSi. stiqiiT miyenebuli

uzarmazari zaralis Sedegad, samxreT germaniis zogierTi raionebis

aRdgena mniSvnelovani xarjebis gaRebas saWiroebs. aseve dazaralda

CexeTis respublika, romelic evrokavSirisgan miiRebs finansur

daxmarebas;

• dadebiTi movlena - msoflio Sexvedra umaRles doneze: mdgradi

ganviTarebis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili “dedamiwis Sexvedra”

iohanesburgSi, romelsac saqarTvelos CaTvliT, daeswro msoflios

praqtikulad yvela qveynis delegati;

Tumca, ra Tqma unda, isev SeSfoTebas iwvevs SesaZlo omi Sua aRmosavleTSi da

amiT gamowveuli gardauvali ekonomikuri Sedegebi.

sabednierod, GEPLAC-is misia dadebiT Tu uaryofiT “movlenebze” naklebad

aris damokidebuli, vinaidan igi gansazRvrulia ufro xangrZlivi urTierTobebiT,

metwilad, saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris., rogorc aRniSnulia

partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaSi, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1996

wlis aprilSi. albaT, drouli iqneba meti informacia mogawodoT partniorobisa da

TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaze da imaze, Tu rogorc gansazRvravs igi centris

saqmianobas.

umetes saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebsa da konvenciebTan SedarebiT,

partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba, marTalia, vrceli ar aris

(sul 62 gverdi), magram sakiTxebis farTo speqtrs moicavs. Tavisi arsiT, igi asaxavs

SeTanxmebis xelmomweri qveynebis mizans ganaviTaron politikuri kavSirebi, mxari

dauWiron saqarTveloSi demokratiis gamyarebas da srulad ganaxorcielon sabazro

ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesi. evrokavSirma aiRo valdebuleba uzrunvelyos

winasityvaoba

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 #.2 3

teqnikuri daxmareba saqarTvelosTvis da GEPLAC-i, am mimarTulebiT wamowyebul

mraval proeqtTagan erT-erTia.

partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelo - evrokavSiris

SeTanxmeba, romelic yofili sabWoTa kavSiris bevri sxva qveynis mier xelmowerili

SeTanxmebis msgavsia (maT Soris ruseTisac), marTlac farTo SeTanxmebaa. sxva Tu

araferi, isic sakmarisia, rom yvela dainteresebul mxares axsovdes raoden didi

masStabis amocanebia dasaxuli maT winaSe da, rom miznis misaRwevad saWiro

Zalisxmeva saTanadod unda iqnes gacnobierebuli.

GEPLAC-isTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis

SeTanxmebis 43-e muxlis pirvel paragrafs: “mxareebi scnoben, rom saqarTvelosa da

evrogaerTianebas Soris ekonomikuri kavSirebis gaZlierebisaTvis mniSvnelovan

winapirobas warmoadgens saqarTvelos arsebuli da momavali kanonmdeblobis

evrogaerTianebis kanonmdeblobasTan daaxloeba. saqarTvelom unda uzrunvelyos rom

misi kanonmdebloba TandaTanobiT SesabamisobaSi iqnes moyvanili gaerTianebis

kanonmdeblobasTan”. aRniSnuli ganzraxva aisaxa saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da

parlamentis Semdgom qmedebebSi, romlis Sedegadac miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba

harmonizaciis “erovnuli programis” SemuSavebis Sesaxeb.

aRniSnuli programis farglebSi, GEPLAC_is eqspertebma da pasuxismgebelma

saministroebma da saagentoebma unda SeimuSavon rekomendaciebi axali

kanonmdeblobisaTvis, ekonomikuri saqmianobis 13 seqtorSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom

muxli 43 iTvaliswinebs kanonebis TandaTanobiT daaxloebas da, rom GEPLAC-is

roli, garkveulwilad, mdgomareobs saTanado Tanamimdevrobis SeTavazebasa da axali

kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebisaTvis prioritetebis CamoyalibebaSi. saTanadod unda

Sefasdes aRniSnuli saqmianobis kavSiri sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesTan.

aseT procesebze did yuradRebas amaxvileben sxva donori organizaciebi, magaliTad

evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (EBRD) aqveynebs gardamavali

ekonomikis wliur angariSs mTeli regionisTvis (27 qveynisTvis, romelzec igi

pasuximgebelia centralur da aRmosavleT evropasa da Sua aziaSi) da, GEPLAC-i,

Tavisi saerTo misiis farglebSi, miznad isaxavs am mimarTulebiT winsvlis

monitoringis ganxorcielebas.

Cven vaqveynebT garedan mowveuli avtorebis statiebs, romlebSic ganxilulia

gardamavali ekonomikis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi. pirveli da meore statia yuradRebas

uTmobs gardamaval periods iseT specifikur sferoSi, rogoricaa sapensio sistemis

reforma. mesame statia mimoixilavs saqarTveloSi sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis

process awmyoSi da iZleva samomavlo ganviTarebis garkveul prognozebs.

rac Seexeba partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebas farTo gagebiT, ra

realur ekonomikur Sedegebs moutans igi SeTanxmebis monawileebs? Cven SegviZlia

oTxi Sedegi davasaxeloT:

• qveyana, romelic axorcielebs partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis

SeTanxmebas, TavisTavad, ukve axorcielebs reformebs da aumjobesebs

cxovrebis dones, rogorc materialuri, aseve socialuri

TvalsazrisiT.

winasityvaoba

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 4

• partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmeba aZlierebs kavSirebs

evrokavSirTan, romelic warmoadgens savaWro urTierTobebisa da

investiciebis erT-erT ZiriTad wyaros.

• igi aseve exmareba evrokavSirs sakuTar urTierTobebSi aRmosavleT

evropis qveynebTan, romlebTanac kavSiri TandaTanobiT Rrmavdeba.

• da bolos, igi gvTavazobs SesaZleblobas Tvali vadevnoT da erTmaneTs

SevadaroT partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebis wevri

qveynebis gamocdileba.

partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmeba warmoadgens saerTo enaze

urTierTobisa da sakiTxebis farTo sferoSi samarTliani da Tanamedrove gziT

politikuri da ekonomikuri kavSirebis formirebis SesaZleblobas.

Tavi pirveli. mokle mimoxilva


erovnuli angariSebi da ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mSp-i da ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mSp-s zrdam 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 4,2 procenti Seadgina. zrda

aRiniSneboda realuri ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi. meore kvartalSi ekonomikis

zrdis tempi pirveli kvartlis 6,9 procentidan 1,1 procentamde daeca. Cveulebriv,

ianvari-martis periodSi, saqarTveloSi mSp-s SedarebiT mcire wili iwarmoeba

(mxolod 21-23 procenti) da amdenad, faqtorebma, romlebmac ganapirobes ekonomikuri

zrdis tempis daCqareba 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, ver iqonies ekonomikuri zrdis

maCvenebelze aseTive zemoqmedeba meore kvartalSi. yvelaze maRali zrdis tempebi

dafiqsirda mSeneblobis, finansuri Suamavlobisa da aseve jandacvisa da socialuri

momsaxurebis seqtorebSi.

araxelsayrelma klimaturma pirobebma, maT Soris xangrZlivma wvimebma

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, xeli SeuSala sezonuri samuSaoebis droul Catarebas

mimdinare wlis gazafxulze da uaryofiTad imoqmeda marcvleulis mosavalze.

xorblis saSualo mosavali Seadgens 17 centners 1 heqtarze, maSin roca gasul wels

Sesabamisi maCvenebeli 27 centners Seadgenda.

USAID-ma daiwyo 5-wliani “damatebuli Rirebulebis sawarmoTa mxardaWeris”

programis ganxorcieleba, romelic xels Seuwyobs ekonomikur zrdas warmoebis

gafarToebisa da damatebuli Rirebulebis mqone sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmis

saerTaSoriso bazrebze gayidvis xarjze. proeqtis mTliani Rirebuleba 24 milion

aSS dolars Seadgens. proeqtis pirveli fazis ganxorcieleba aprilSi daiwyo.

pirvel kvartalSi dafiqsirebuli samrewvelo zrdis tempis daCqareba,

rogorc Cans, droebiTi xasiaTis iyo da dakavSirebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis

miwodebis gaumjobesebasTan. II kvartlis mniSvnelovan movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos

is, rom ss “WiaTurmanganumma” miaRwia SeTanxmebas “delta eqsport ltd”-sTan

(singapuri) 120 aTasi tona manganumis madnis miwodebis Sesaxeb, xolo ss "rusTavis

metalurgiulma kombinatma" italiur “ARES”-sTan 80 aTasi tona milebis miwodebaze.

sagadamxdelo balansi 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, eqsportis da importis moculobebi, wina wlis

Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT, Semcirda. aseve Semcirda savaWro brunva da savaWro

deficiti. saqarTvelos vaWrobis ganviTarebis mTavar Semaferxebel faqtors

warmoadgens is, rom saqarTvelos eqsporti ar aris diversificirebuli. wina welTan

SedarebiT, pirvel kvartalSi mimdinare angariSis deficiti gaizarda da misma

Sefardebam mSp-sTan 8,5 procenti Seadgina. pirveli kvartalSi aRiniSna ara-

rezidentTa Semosavlebis zrda saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli pidapiri

investiciebidan, ramac ZiriTadad ganapiroba mimdinare angariSis deficitis zrda.

rac Seexeba ucxoeTSi momuSave qarTvelebis gzavnilebs saqarTveloSi maTi

mokle momixilva


moculoba gaizarda, maSin roca mimdinare transfertebi saxelmwifo seqtorisadmi

Semcirda.

sagareo vali

2002 wlis 30 ivnisis mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo vali,

saxelmwifos garantirebuli valis CaTvliT, 1 670 milion aSS dolars (3 658

milioni lari) Seadgenda, rac 68,7 milioni aSS dolariT (110,3 milioni lariT) metia

vidre 2002 wlis pirveli kvartalis bolos. aTvisebuli kreditebis odenobam aprili-

ivnisis periodSi 9,8 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina. saqarTvelos valis naxevarze

meti gamosaxulia SDR-sa da sxva valutebSi (evro, iaponuri iena, kuveitis dinari) da

maT mimarT larisa da aSS dolaris gaufasurebam ganapiroba saqarTvelos sagareo

valis mTliani odenobis zrda larebsa da aSS-s dolarebze gadaangariSebiT.

saxelmwifo finansebi 2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad, wlis pirvel naxevarSi

mosalodneli iyi Semosavlebis miReba 448,5 milioni laris odenobiT, rac mTeli

wlisTvis mosalodneli Semosavlebis 48 procentia. saxelmwifo biujetis realurma

Semosavlebma 381,9 milioni lari Seadgina, rac gegmiurze 66,5 milioni lariT

naklebia. mosalodneli sagareo Semosavlebi srulad ar iqna miRebuli, riTac

aixsneba 35,6 milioni laris deficiti.

aRniSnuli deficitis kidev erT wyaros warmoadgens mosalodnelze dabali

sagadasaxado Semosavlebi. Tumca, gadasaxdelebis mTliani Segroveba, wlis

ganmavlobaSi, 6 procentiT gaumjobesda. mogebaze gadasaxadis Semosavlebsa da

importze dawesebul gadasaxadebSi dafiqsirebul mkveTr zrdasTan erTad, yvela

sxva sagadasaxado SemosavlebSi zRvruli vardna aRiniSneboda.

gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli xarjebi centraluri biujetisTvis 454 milioni

laris odenobiT ganisazRvra. realurma xarjebma 377,3 milioni lari Seadgina, rac

gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulis 83 procentia. specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis xarjebma

113,9 milioni lari Seadgina. biujetis xarjviTi nawilis ZiriTadi prioritetebi iyo

socialuri uzrunvelyofa, saxelmwifo marTva da saxelmwifo valis momsaxureba.

centraluri biujetis deficitma 82 milioni lari Seadgina. aRniSnuli

deficitis dasfarad 53 milioni lari saerTaSoriso finansuri organizaciebisgan

iqna sesxad miRebuli, xolo danarCeni – adgilobrivi wyaroebidan.

fuli da finansebi

2002 wlis meore kvartalSi mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis moculoba Semcirda

1,7 milioni lariT da imavdroulad, larebSi denominirebuli depozitebi 4,6

milioni lariT gaizarda. ucxour valutaSi denominirebul depozitebis zrda

sakmaod mniSvnelovani iyo (33 milioni lari – 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlis

ganmavlobaSi), larebSi depozitebTan SedarebiT. ucxouri valutis depozitebis

mokle momixilva


zrdis Sedegad, M3 farTo fulis moculoba 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi 34,3

milioniT gaizarda. igive periodis ganmavlobaSi M2 ki mxolod 0,9 milioni lariT

gaizarda.

saxazino valdebulebebSi arasabanko investorTa wili, 2002 wlis pirvel

kvartalSi 58 procentamde gaizarda. (2001 wels 19 procentTan SedarebiT). erT-erTi

mizezi, romliTac SeiZleba aixsnas arasabanko investorTa interesis zrda, aris

komerciuli bankebis mier SemoTavazebul vadian depozitebze saprocento

ganakveTebisgan gansxvavebiT, saxazino valdebulebebis SedarebiT maRali saprocento

ganakveTebi. 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, saxazino valdebulebis auqcionebze

dafiqsirebuli saSualo wliuri saprocento ganakveTi ufro maRali iyo, vidre

2001 wels (40,7 procenti 30,16 procentTan SedarebiT).

2001 wlis bolos da 2002 wlis dasawyisSi laris gaufasurebas mohyva

SedarebiT maRali inflacia wlis dasawyisSi da amitom, 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi,

inflaciis saSualo done gegmurze maRalia. inflaciis nulovani done 2002 wlis

maisSi da deflacia ivnisSi gamowveuli iyo samomxmareblo fasebis sezonuri

SemcirebiT.

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi aRiniSneboda larebSi depozitebze saprocento

ganakveTebis zrda. 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom bankebma

gazardes SemoTavazebuli saprocento ganakveTebi mokle-, saSualo da aseve,

grZelvadiani (1 weliwadze meti) depozitebisaTvis. 2001 wlis ivnisSi, wminda

saprocento marJa erovnul valutaze Seadgenda 12 procents da wlis ganmavlobaSi,

8,6 procentamde daeca.

2002 wlis meore kvartalSi, nominaluri lari/aSS dolari gacvliTi kursi

daeca da ufro dabali iyo vidre pirvel kvartalSi. Aamis garda evros gamyareba

dolaris mimarT aseve imoqmeda laris/evros nominalur kursze, romelic

sagrZnoblad daeca MmaisSi da ivnisSi.

saerTaSoriso vaWroba

saqarTvelos mTavroba kvlavac agrZelebs vmo-sTan aRebuli valdebulebebis

Sesabamisad liberaluri savaWro politikis ganxorcielebas. gaacnobiera ra

sagadamxdelo balansisTvis uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis SesaZlebloba, parlamentma ar

gaagrZela xis morebis eqsportze droebiTi akrZalva, romelsac vada gauvida

2001 wlis bolos. agreTve 2002 wlis ivlisSi gauqmebuli iqna droebiTi akrZalva

feradi liTonebis eqsportze.

wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris

vaWrobis monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos savaWro balansis gauaresebis

tendencia kvlavac grZeldeba. registrirebuli eqsportis raodenoba Semcirda.

2002 wlis pirveli naxevari xasiaTdeboda eqsportis mkveTri SemcirebiT ruseTsa da

TurqeTSi da eqsportis garkveuli zrdiT azerbaijansa da somxeTSi

mokle momixilva


2002 wlis pirveli naxevris ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos savaWro balansis

gauaresebis tendencia kvlavac grZeldeba. registrirebulma sagareo vaWrobam

Seadgina 497 milioni aSS dolari, saidanc registrirebuli eqsporti Seadgenda

147,5 milions, xolo importi 349,5 milion aSS dolars. savaWro deficiti 202

milioni aSS dolari aris 6 milioniT meti, vidre es iyo 2001 wlis analogiur

periodSi.

qveynis eqsporti Semcirda 14 milioni aSS dolariT, rac garkveulwilad

gamowveuli iyo saqarTvelos parlamentis 2001 wlis 21 dekembers gadawyvetilebiT,

romlis Sesabamisadac aikrZala feradi liTonebis jarTisa da narCenebis eqsporti

2003 wlis 31 dekembramde

qveynis importis eqsportiT gadafarvis koeficienti Semcirda da 2002 wlis

pirvel naxevrisaTvis Seadgina 42 procenti, maSin rodesac 2001 welis analogiur

periodisaTvis aRniSnuli koeficienti daaxloebiT 46 procents Seadgenda.

privatizacia

2002 wlis meore kvartalSi privatizaciis procesSi mniSvnelovan progress

adgili ar hqonia. Tumca, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom (sqms) gamoacxada

tenderebi zogierTi saSualo da msxvili sawarmos privatizaciaze. saaqcio

sazogadoeba “elmavalmSenebelisa” da eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis

saprivatizacio tenderebi warmatebiT dasrulda 2002 wlis mesame kvartalSi.

zogierTi msxvili sawarmo wlis meore naxevarSi gatanili iqneba auqcionze

nulovani sarezervo fasiT, xolo zogierTi sawarmoSi dawyebulia gakotrebis saqmis

warmoeba. mas Semdeg rac “saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” privatizebis mizniT

gamocxadebuli saerTaSoriso tenderi uSedegod damTavrda, ganixileba sawarmos

likvidaciis sakiTxi. mimdinareobs saaqcio sazogadoeba “Tbilwyalkanalis”

marTvaSi gadacemis tenderi da monawile kompaniebma teqnikuri da finansuri

winadadebebi noemberSi unda warmoadginon.

dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema Sromis bazari

umuSevrobis donis amsaxveli monacemebi ZiriTadad Seesabameba maCveneblebs

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebisaTvis (2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis bolos -

10,3 da 15,1 procenti, Sesabamisad Sso-s “mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” standartebiT).

Tumca isini srulad ver asaxaven Sromis bazrze arsebul araxelsayrel da

arastabilur mdgomareobas. arasruli dasaqmeba, farTod gavrcelebuli faruli da

SeniRbuli umuSevroba kvlavac arsebobs da saSualo xelfasebi qveyanaSi bevrad

Camouvardeba minimalur saarsebo dones saSualo ojaxisaTvis. xangrZlivi

umuSevroba TandaTanobiT iwvevs samuSao Zalis Semcirebas. Sromis bazris

problemebi amZimebs siRaribis mdgomareobas da sul ufro matulobs im

SinameurneobaTa ricxvi, romlebic ganicdian cxovrebis donis kidev ufro

gauaresebas. kanonmdeblobaSi mocemuli ganmartebis gamo, soflad umuSevrobis

mokle momixilva


donis amsaxveli cifrebi ukiduresad dabalia, rac gavlenas axdens umuSevrobis

erovnuli donis amsaxvel cifrebze, romlebic sxvagvarad bevrad ufro maRali

iqneboda. Sromis bazarze Warbobs TviTdasaqmebis wili, romelSic Tavis mxriv,

Warbobs TviTadasaqmeba soflis meurneobaSi, romelic saarsebo minimums

uzrunvelyofs. daqiravebiT dasaqmebis wili Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis sul

20 procentamde Seadgens, romlis 40 procentze meti modis samuSao adgilebze

sabiujeto organizaciebSi, sadac xelfasebi ukiduresad dabalia.

socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema

dRes socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema iTvaliswinebs mxolod simbolur

daxmarebas pensionerebisaTvis, maSin roca mosaxleobis udides nawils,

araformaluri seqtoris muSakTa, TviTdasaqmebulTa da umuSevarTa CaTvliT, iseve

rogorc maTi ojaxis wevrebs, socialuri dacva saerTod ara gaaCniaT. saxelmwifo

socialuri dacvis sistema Zireul restruqturizacias moiTxovs. moqmedi sapensio

sistema didi xania gadaxdisuunaro aRmoCnda, rac xandazmul mosaxleobas siRaribis

mzardi riskis winaSe ayenebs. amJamad, socialuri politika siRaribis daZlevisa da

ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programis (PREGP) mTavar prioritetebs Soris

ganixileba da Sesabamisad, socialuri reformebi mTavrobis mier aRiarebulia

rogorc grZelvadiani startegiuli amocana. programiT gaTvaliswinebuli sapensio

sistemis reforma, ganxorcielebis procesSia da gamiznulia qmediTunariani

mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemis SemoRebaze, romelic sadazRvevo principebze

iqneba dafuZnebuli.

saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierToba 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, saqarTvelos vaWrobam evrokavSiris wevr

qveynebTan saqarTvelos saerTo savaWro brunvis 24 procenti Seadgina. wina wlis

amave periodSi Sesabamisi maCvenebeli 24,2 procenti iyo. 2002 wlis pirvel eqvs TveSi,

saqarTvelos vaWrobis moculoba evrokavSiris wevr qveynebTan 5,5 procentiT

Semcirda wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT.

sasursaTo usafTxoebis programa, erT-erTi mTavari proeqtia, romelsac

evrokavSiri saqarTveloSi anxorcielebs. igi gamiznulia qveyanaSi soflis

meurneobis seqtoris mxardaWerasa da ganviTarebaze, biujetSi Sesabamisi muxlebis

dafinansebis xarjze. evrokavSirma sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa 1996 wels

daafuZna, 1292/95 reglamentis safuZvelze. es reglamenti moicavs sasursaTo

daxmarebis politikisa da menejmentis, aseve sasursaTo usafrxoebis specifiuri

daxmarebis sakiTxebs.

Tavi meore. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebi

10 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2

mSp da ZiriTadi tendenciebi

ekonomikuri zrdis maCvenebelma 2002 wlis II kvartalSi Seadgina 1,1 procenti,

maSin roca I kvartalSi igi 6,9 procenti iyo. mrewvelobis seqtoris zrdam, rac

dakavSirebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis miwodebis gaumjobesebasTan da momsaxurebisa

da mSeneblobis seqtorebis stabilurma ganviTarebam ganapiroba ekonomikuri

gamococxleba I kvartalSi gasul welTan SedarebiT. marTalia, 2002 wlis

II kvartalSi realur gamoxatulebaSi warmoebuli iqna mniSvnelovnad meti produqti

vidre wina kvartalSi, magram zrdis tempi ufro naklebi aRmoCnda. vinaidan ianvar-

martis periodSi saqarTveloSi iwarmoeba mSp-s SedarebiT mcire wili (daaxloebiT

21-23 procenti)1, amitomac faqtorebma, romlebmac ganapirobes mimdinare wlis

I kvartalSi ekonomikuri zrdis maRali tempi, ver iqonies ekonomikuri zrdis

maCvenebelze aseTive gavlena II kvartalSi. investiciebis simwiris pirobebSi

naklebad savaraudoa xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi SenarCunebeuli iqnes iseTi

maRali ekonomikuri zrdis tempi, rogoric I kvartalSi aRiniSna. mimdinare wlis

I naxevarSi naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Tanafardoba mSp-sTan odnav

Semcirda, xolo aRuricxavi gamoSvebis wili erovnul ekonomikaSi mcirediT

gaizarda2 gasuli wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom

korufciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebi jer-jerobiT dabalefeqtiania.

cxrili 2.1: mSpcxrili 2.1: mSpcxrili 2.1: mSpcxrili 2.1: mSp----s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. 2002 wlis I nax.2002 wlis I nax.2002 wlis I nax.2002 wlis I nax. wili mSpwili mSpwili mSpwili mSp----SiSiSiSi

2001 wlis I nax.2001 wlis I nax.2001 wlis I nax.2001 wlis I nax.----Tan Tan Tan Tan (procentebSi)(procentebSi)(procentebSi)(procentebSi)

(I naxevari 2001=100%)(I naxevari 2001=100%)(I naxevari 2001=100%)(I naxevari 2001=100%)

soflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveobasoflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveobasoflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveobasoflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveoba 103,5 21,3mrewveloba da mSeneblobamrewveloba da mSeneblobamrewveloba da mSeneblobamrewveloba da mSenebloba 108,2 19,5 mrewveloba 105,4 12,6 Sinameurneobebis mier produqtebis gadamuSaveba 108 3,5 mSenebloba 119 3,4momsaxurebamomsaxurebamomsaxurebamomsaxureba 104,9 53,9 vaWroba 103,7 12,9 sastumroebi da restornebi 103,8 2,7 transporti 106,6 10,6 kavSirgabmuloba 106 3,8 finansuri Suamavloba 124,4 1,7 operaciebi uZravi qonebiT, komerciuli saqmianoba 101 6,3 saxelmwifo marTva, Tavdacva 101,5 3,6 ganaTleba 98,7 4,5 jandacva da komunaluri momsaxureba 117,7 4,9 sxva momsaxureba 92,3 2,9wminda gadasaxadebi 138,7 -1,3Sesworeba finansuri Suamavlobis gamoyenebis mixedviT 101,5 6,6mSpmSpmSpmSp 104,2 100wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti

1 efuZneba 1997-2001 wlebis monacemebs. 2 2002 wlis I naxevarSi naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Tanafardoba mSp-Tan 14,0 procents, xolo aRuricxavi gamoSvebis wili ekonomikis mTlian gamoSvebaSi 33,2 procents Seadgenda, maSin roca 2001 wlis I naxevarSi Sesabamisi maCveneblebi 14,2 procentsa da 31,8 procents Seadgenda.

erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 11

mSp-s zrdam 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 4,2 procenti. 2002 wlis

pozitiur tendencias warmoadgens is, rom ekonomikuri zrda dafiqsirda realuri

ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi. gansakuTrebiT maRalia zrdis tempi mSeneblobis,

finansuri Suamavlobis seqtorebSi, agreTve jandacvisa da socialuri momsaxurebis

sferoSi. inflaciis zrdis tempma wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 3 procenti, roca

gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodSi 0,9 procenti iyo. 2002 wels fasebi yvelaze metad

gaizarda kvebis produqtebsa da zogierTi saxis momsaxurebaze.

ssf-s aRmasrulebelma organom daasrula meore mimoxilva saqarTvelos

ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa saqarTveloSi siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis

erovnuli programis farglebSi. ssf-s SefasebiT saqarTvelom win waiwia

samwliani ekonomikuri programis ganxorcielebis mxriv. garkveuli progresi ukve

aRiniSna zogierT kritikul sferoSi (fiskaluri, finansuri da energo seqtorebi),

aseve damakmayofilebelia makroekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebi (myari ekonomikuri zrda,

zomieri inflacia), ramac saSualeba misca saqarTvelos mieRo ssf-gan sesxi

22,5 milioni ssu (sesxis specialuri uflebebi)_30 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT.

dRemde siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programis farglebSi

saqarTvelom ukve miiRo 27 milioni ssu (daaxloebiT 36 milioni aSS dolari).

ekonomikis seqtorebi

soflis meurneobasoflis meurneobasoflis meurneobasoflis meurneoba

arasaxarbielo amindma, gansakuTrebiT intensiurma wvimebma qveynis dasavleT

regionebSi, Seaferxa sezonuri samuSaoebi mimdinare wlis gazafxulze.

mniSvnelovani ziani ganicada TavTaviani kulturebma. xorblis saSualo

mosavlianobam Seadgina 17 centneri, maSin roca gasul wels 27 centneri iyo.

USAID-ma daiwyo gadamamuSavebeli warmoebis xelSemwyobi xuTwliani

programis (SAVE) ganxorcieleba, romlis mTavari mizania saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis donis amaRleba damatebiTi Rirebulebis mqone produqtebis warmoebisa

da gayidvebis (ZiriTadad saeqsporto) zrdis meSveobiT. proeqtis mTliani

Rirebuleba 24 milion aSS dolars Seadgens. proeqtis pirveli faza daiwyo

2002 wlis 24 aprils da damTavrdeba 2003 wlis 30 aprils. aSS-s mTavroba

daxmarebas uwevs soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTarebas bazrebis gafarToebis,

organuli kvebis produqtebis warmoebis, kreditebisa da kvebis produqtebis

ganawilebis mTliani qselis ganviTarebis mxriv. SAVE ganaviTarebs wamyvan

produqtebsa an sawarmoo klasterebs, daexmareba agrobiznesis sawarmoebis

asociaciebs, romlebic awarmoeben kvebis produqtebs. programis pirveli faza

daeTmoba im produqtebis identifikacias, romelzec arsebobs moTxovna

saerTaSoriso bazrebze. programis farglebSi ganxorcieldeba bazarze Carevis

strategiis formireba da prioritetizacia da Sedgeba gegma ganviTarebis

xelSemSleli faqtorebis dasaZlevad, romelic ganxorcieldeba meore fazaSi.

kontraqtori ganaxorcielebs proeqts produqtis warmatebul marketingSi

dainteresebuli yvela monawilis (fermeridan dawyebuli distributoris CaTvliT)

integraciis gziT.



Cais warmoeba seriozul kriziss ganicdis saqarTveloSi. dasavleT

saqarTveloSi adgili hqonda Cais nargavebis amoZirkvas da maTi sxva kulturebiT

Canacvlebas. Sedegad Cais plantaciebis saerTo farTobi TiTqmis 21 aTasi ha-Ti

Semcirda 90-iani wlebis dasawyisTan SedarebiT. 2001 wlidan saqarTvelos mTavroba

axorcielebs qarTuli Cais eqsportis xelSewyobis saxelmwifo programas, rac

gulisxmobs 0,40 laris subsidiis gacemas TiToeul eqsportirebul kilogram Caize3.

2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis mixedviT gansazRvrulia am programis gagrZeleba,

romlis dasafinanseblad gaTvaliswinebelia 3 milioni lari, maT Soris 2001 wlis

saxelmwifo programis damTavrebisaTvis - 875 aTasi lari. erToblivi tenderi

qarTuli Cais eqsportis xelSewyobis saxelmwifo programuli dafinansebiT

gaTvalisiwnebuli resursis ganawilebisaTvis Catarda saqarTvelos finansTa da

soflis meurneobis da sursaTis saministroebis mier ivlisis bolos, romelSic

gamarjvebulad gamocxadda 23 kompania. saqarTveloSi meCaieobis dargis

ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeblia Cais plantaciebis intensiuri aRdgena-ganaxleba.

amJamad plantaciebis didi nawili mouvlelia da mitovebulia uyuradRebod. maTi

reabilitacia moiTxovs mniSvnelovnad met investiciebsa da subsidiebs, vidre

amJamad gamoiyofa meCaieobis dargis mxardasaWerad.

mrewvelobamrewvelobamrewvelobamrewveloba

2002 wlis I naxevarSi registrirebuli samrewvelo warmoeba gasuli wlis

Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT 0,2 procentiT gaizarda, xolo araregistrirebulis

CaTvliT - 0,1 procentiT. I kvartalSi dafiqsirebuli warmoebis zrda droebiTi

aRmoCnda da dakavSirebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis miwodebis gaumjobesebasTan.

maRali ekonomikuri zrda ar SenarCunda II kvartalSi, rac gasul welTan

SedarebiT kvebis mrewvelobisa da energo seqtorSi warmoebis SemcirebiT aris

ganpirobebuli. amJamad 2800-ze meti samrewvelo sawarmodan 48-ze modis mTliani

samrewvelo warmoebis 77 procenti. socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba bevr

regionSi damokidebulia calkeuli sawarmoebis saqmianobaze. warmoebis araTanabari

ganawileba samrewvelo sawarmoebs Soris imaze miuTiTebs, rom adgilobrivi

samrewvelo seqtoris seriozul restruqturizacia jer ar momxdara. II kvartlis

mniSvnelovan movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom ss “WiaTurmanganumma” miaRwia

SeTanxmebas “delta eqsport ltd”-sTan (singapuri) 120 aTasi tona manganumis madnis

miwodebis Sesaxeb, xolo ss "rusTavis metalurgiulma kombinatma" italiur

“ARES” sTan 80 aTasi tona milebis miwodebaze.

2002 wlis I naxevarSi mopovebul iqna 37,1 aTasi tona navTobi da 8,7 milioni

kuburi metri bunebrivi airi, rac garkveulwilad (umniSvnelod) akmayofilebs

adgilobriv moTxovnas. sxva seqtorebTan SedarebiT ucxoelma investorebma ukve

ganaxorcieles navTobis mopovebaSi seriozuli investiciebi da agreTve maT mier

gakeTda damaimedebeli gancxadebebi navTobis mopovebis zrdis perspeqtivebze

saqarTveloSi, Tumca raime seriozuli da xelSesaxebi Sedegi jer ar miRebula.

piriqiT, kaxeTis X blokze saqmianobis Sewyvetas Tan mohyva Sps ”ramko enerji

kaxeTis” daxurva. kompaniis mier sabados gaburRva xdeboda 2 900 metrze, magram

naxSirwyalbadebis samrewvelo odenoba ar iqna aRmoCenili, amitomac kompaniam

Sewyvita saqmianoba saqarTveloSi.

3 ix. “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi”, 2001 weli, ####1.



adgilobrivi mrewvelobis ganviTarebisaTvis xelSemwyob mniSvnelovan nabijad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos qveynis parlamentis mier “salizingo saqmianobis xelSewyobis

Sesaxeb” kanonis miReba mimdinare wlis maisSi. marTalia es kanoni ar warmoadgens

salizingo saqmianobis regulirebis srul kodeqss, magram moicavs mTel rig

principul debulebebs. kanonis Tanaxmad, lizingis xelSekruleba iZleva imis

uflebas, rom moxdes aqtivebis gadacema lizingis sagnis mimRebisadmi lizingis

sagnis Rirebulebebis TandaTanobiTi gadaxdis meSveobiT saboloo gamosyidvis

uflebiT. salizingo saqmianobis gafarToeba xels Seuwyobs adgilobrivi

sawarmoebis gadaiaraRebasa da teqnologiebis imports.

transportitransportitransportitransporti

transportis seqtori kvlav stabiluri zrdis tendencias avlens.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavliT tvirTebis saerTaSoriso transportirebis zrdam

xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos rkinigzisa da sazRvao portebis tvirTbrunvis amaRlebas.

2002 wlis I naxevarSi gasuli wlis Sesabamiss periodTan SedarebiT 15,7 procentiT

gaizarda saqarTvelos rkinigzaze tvirTbrunva, maT Soris satranzito daniSnulebis

tvirTebisa 16,7 procentiT. 80 procenti rkinigziT gadatanili tvirTebisa

satranzito daniSnulebisaa. mimdinare wlis pirvel naxevarSi foTisa da baTumis

sazRvao portebSi gadamuSavda 6,4 milioni tona tvirTi (18,3 procentiT meti vidre

gasul wels). nedli navTobis eqsporti sufsidan gaizarda 3 milion tonamde, roca

gasul wlis 6 TveSi 2,8 milioni tona iyo mxolod. sufsidan navTobis eqsportis

zrda aixsneba baqo-sufsis navTobsadenis warmadobis zrdiT, rac navTobsadenSi

wnevis zrdis xarjze xdeba. mimdinare wels agreTve gaumjobesda qarTuli

aviakompaniebis saqmianobac, rac axali saerTaSoriso da Sida reisebis aTvisebiT

SeiZleba aixsnas.

CanarTi 2.1CanarTi 2.1CanarTi 2.1CanarTi 2.1

TRACECA-s samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis ( samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis ( samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis ( samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis (sk) meore konferencia) meore konferencia) meore konferencia) meore konferencia

mimdinare wlis 24-25 aprils taSkentSi gaimarTa TRACECA-s samTavrobaTaSoriso

komisiis meore yovelwliuri Sexvedra. TRACECA-s sk-s wevrebma mxari dauWires gaeros

sasursaTo programis ganxorcielebas, romelic gulisxmobs avRaneTisaTvis humanitaruli

tvirTebis transportirebas evropa-kavkasia-aziis “TRACECA” koridoris gavliT, agreTve isini

miesalmnen mimdinare wlis 12 aprils frankfurtSi msxvili satransporto gadamzidavi

kompaniebis xelmZRvanebis mier xelmoweril TanamSromlobis deklaracias. konferenciis

monawileebma xazi gausves “trasekas vizis” ganxorcielebisaTvis erTiani samarTlebrivi

dokumentis Seqmnis aucileblobas, rac moicavs TRACECA-s koridoris gavliT

transportirebuli satranzito tvirTebisaTvis erTiani dokumentis Seqmnas. agreTve maT mxari

dauWires TRACECA-s koridoris konkurentunarianobis gaumjobesebisaTvis “TRACECA-s koeficientis” SemoRebas sarkinigzo da sazRvao transportisaTvis. sk-s wevrebma agreTve

miiRes “TRACECA-s erTiani sainformacio sistemis” koncenfcia da gadawyvetileba “sazRvao

transportis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb”.

TRACECA amoqmedda 1993 wlidan. is warmoadgens evrokavSiris mier dafinansebul

teqnikuri daxmarebis proeqts, romlis mizania dasavleT-aRmosavleTis (evropidan kavkasiis

gavliT centraluri aziisaken) satransporto koridoris ganviTareba. dReisaTvis TRACECA-s proeqtis farglebSi mis wevr qveynebSi finansdeba 39 teqnikuri daxmarebis proeqti

(57,405 milioni evro) da 14 sainvesticio proeqti infrastruqturis reabilitaciisaTvis

(52,3 milioni evro). saqarTvelo am daxmarebis erT-erTi umsxvilesi recipientia da is

monawileobs 28 teqnikur da 7 sainvesticio proeqtSi.

wyaro: www.traceca.org



sagareo vali

2002 wlis 30 ivnisisaTvis, saqarTvelos sagareo valma, saxelmwifos mier

garantirebuli sesxebis CaTvliT miaRwia 1 670 milion aSS dolars (3 658 milioni

lari), rac 68 milioni aSS dolariT (110,3 milioni lari) aRemateba I kvartlis

bolos arsebuli valis moculobas. aprili-ivnisis periodSi aTvisebuli iqna

mxolod 9,8 milioni aSS dolaris odenobis ucxouri kreditebi, maSin, roca sagareo

valis moculoba ufro mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. es dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom

saqarTvelos sagareo valis mniSvnelovani wili gamosaxulia ssu-sa da sxva

valutebSi (evro, iaponuri ieni, quveiTuri dinari), xolo maT mimarT larisa da aSS

dolaris gaufasurebam ganapiroba saqarTvelos sagareo valis mTliani odenobis

zrda larebsa da aSS-s dolarebze gadaangariSebiT.

dReisaTvis saqarTvelos kreditorma qveynebma TurqmeneTis, CineTisa da

uzbekeTis garda, miiRes 2001 wlis martSi “parizis klubis” oficialuri kreditori

qveynebis mier SemoTavazebuli pirobebi. zomieri ekonomikuri zrdis, Semosavlebis

susti mobilizaciisa da sagareo valis momsaxurebis mZime valdebulebebis

arsebobis pirobebSi savaraudoa rom saqarTvelos mTavroba mimarTavs “parizis

klubis” qveynebs valis momsaxurebis tvirTis Semdgomi Semsubuqebis winadadebiT.

sakiTxis gadawyvetis erT-erT variants warmoadgens amJamad arsebuli SeRavaTiani

periodis gagrZeleba 2003 wlis ganmavlobaSi. es saSualebas miscems qveyanas

gadaavados 50 milioni aSS dolaris gadaxda momaval wels.

sagadamxdelo balansi

ssd-is informaciiT 2002 wlis I kvartalSi rogorc eqsportis, ise importis

moculoba Semcirda gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT. sagareo

vaWrobis brunva da vaWrobis deficiti agreTve Seikveca. qveynis sagareo vaWrobis

gafarToebis ZiriTad xelSemSlel faqtors warmoadgens saqarTvelos eqsportis

sasaqonlo struqturis SezRuduloba. gasul welTan SedarebiT mimdinare

angariSis deficiti I kvartalSi gaizarda da Seadgina 8,5 procenti mSp-Tan

mimarTebaSi. I kvartlis sagadamxdelo balansis Taviseburebas warmoadgenda

ararezidentTa Semosavlebis mkveTri zrda saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli

pirdapiri investiciebidan4, ramac mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba mimdinare angariSis

deficitis zrda. es efeqti savaraudoa, rom dakavSirebulia aRricxvianobis

gaumjobesebasTan. rac Seexeba ucxoeTSi momuSave qarTvelebis gzavnilebs

saqarTveloSi, maTi moculoba gaizarda wlis pirvel naxevarSi, maSin roca

mimdinare transfertebi saxelmwifo seqtorisaTvis Semcirda.

4 ararezidentTa Semosavalma pirdapiri investiciebidan Seadgina 21,3 milioni aSS dolari 2002 wlis I kvartalSi, maSin roca gasuli wlis Sesabmis periodSi mxolod 2 milioni aSS dolari.



cxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagcxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagcxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagcxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagadamxdelo balansi 2000adamxdelo balansi 2000adamxdelo balansi 2000adamxdelo balansi 2000----2002 wlebi, I kvartali2002 wlebi, I kvartali2002 wlebi, I kvartali2002 wlebi, I kvartali

(milioni aSS dolari)(milioni aSS dolari)(milioni aSS dolari)(milioni aSS dolari)

2000 w. I kv.2000 w. I kv.2000 w. I kv.2000 w. I kv. 2001 w. I kv.2001 w. I kv.2001 w. I kv.2001 w. I kv. 2002 w. I kv.2002 w. I kv.2002 w. I kv.2002 w. I kv.

mimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSi -72,7 -55,6 -64,2

savaWro balansi savaWro balansi savaWro balansi savaWro balansi -128,6 -137,7 -132,4

eqsporti 97,8 112,1 97,7

importi -226,4 -249,8 -230,2

mo mo mo momsaxurebamsaxurebamsaxurebamsaxureba 4 19,6 18,7

eqsporti 50,7 73,8 76,2

importi -46,6 -54,2 -57,5

Semosavlebi Semosavlebi Semosavlebi Semosavlebi 21,1 6 -5,8

krediti 36,2 23,9 28

debeti -15,1 -18 -33,7

mimdinare transfertebi mimdinare transfertebi mimdinare transfertebi mimdinare transfertebi 30,8 56,5 55,2

krediti 35,8 61,4 61,2

debeti -5,1 -4,9 -5,9

kakakakapitalisa da finansuri angariSipitalisa da finansuri angariSipitalisa da finansuri angariSipitalisa da finansuri angariSi 25,8 70,8 16,9

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi 33 20,1 30,2

saportfelo investiciebi saportfelo investiciebi saportfelo investiciebi saportfelo investiciebi 2,5 -1,3 0

sxva investiciebi sxva investiciebi sxva investiciebi sxva investiciebi -17,9 58,6 2,7

sarezervo aqtivebi sarezervo aqtivebi sarezervo aqtivebi sarezervo aqtivebi 9,4 -5 10,9

wminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebiwminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebiwminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebiwminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebi 46,9 -15,2 3,5wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti SeniSvna: sagareo vaWrobis amsaxveli monacemebi moicavs araregistrirebul vaWrobas.

turizmis ganviTareba qveyanaSi savaluto Semosavlebis mozidvis erT-erT

yvelaze perspeqtiul mimarTulebas warmoadgens. mimdinare wlis 20 maiss TbilisSi

gaixsna axali xuTvarskvlaviani 127 nomriani sastumro “Tbilisi marioti”. Tumca,

ucxoeli turistebisa da vizitorebis nakadi saqarTveloSi TandaTanobiT mcirdeba.

bolo wlebSi turistul biznesSi dabandebuli iqna 150 milioni aSS dolaris

moculobis investiciebi, saidanac ori mesamedi ucxouria. 1999 wlis Semdeg

saqarTveloSi mwyobrSi Sevida 210 sastumro 2 491 nomriT. Tumca ucxoeli

moqalaqeebisaTvis usafrxoebis uzrunvelyofis problema xels uSlis turistTa

nakadebis mozidvas saqarTveloSi.

rac Seexeba kapitalisa da finansur angariSs, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi

saqarTveloSi 2002 wels gaizarda, magram maTi moculoba mainc Zalian mcirea5.

Tumca, axlo momavalSi mosalodnelia investiciebis ufro mkveTri zrda, rac

dakavSirebuli iqneba kaspiis zRvis energoresursebis transportirebisaTvis

navTobsadenisa da gazsadenis mSeneblobasTan. mimdinare wlis dasawyisSi

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda sagareo sesxebisa da komerciuli kreditebis odenoba,

Tumca saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier ssf-sa da msoflio bankis moTxovnebis

Sesruleba saSualebas iZleva wlis meore naxevarSi miRebuli iqnes damatebiTi

finansuri resursebi saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebidan.

5 pirdapirma ucxourma investiciebma Seadgines 30,176 milioni aSS dolari 2002 I kv. da 35,817 milioni aSS dolari 2002 II kv.-Si, roca gasul wels Sesabamisi maCveneblebi Seadgenda I kv._20,045 milioni aSS dolarsa da II kv._30,757 milion aSS dolars.




makroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSimakroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSimakroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSimakroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSi

evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidati qveynebi ukve imyofebian im mdgomareobaSi, roca

maT SeuZliaT daZlion potenciuri makroekonomikuri problemebi da uzrunvelyon

makroekonomikuri stabiluroba saSualo vadian periodSi. Tumca, kandidati qveynebis

daaxloeba evrogaerTianebis wevri qveynebis saSualo donesTan jer-jerobiT mokrZalebulia.

mSp-s saSualo maCvenebeli erT sul mosaxleze gadaangariSebiT msyidvelunarianobis

paritetis gaTvalisiwinebiT kandidat qveynebSi Seadgenda 2000 wels evrogaerTianebis

maCveneblis 35,2 procents, daaxloebiT imdens, rasac 1996 wels. aqedan yvelaze dabali

maCvenebeli gaaCnia bulgareTs, rumineTsa da TurqeTs_30 procentze naklebi da yvelaze

maRali kvipross - 86,2 procenti. 1996-2000 wlebis periodSi kandidat qveynebSi ekonomikuri

zrdis saSualo maCvenebeli meryeobda –1,6 procentidan rumineTSi 5,2 procentamde poloneTSi.

sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesTan dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri recesiisa da warmoebis

mimdinare restruqturizaciis Sedegad, am qveynebSi umuSevroba rCeba erT-erT ZiriTad

problemad. kerZod, umuSevrobis done 2000 wels meryeobda 4,9 procentidan (kviprosSi)

15 procentamde (bulgarTSi, litvaSi, slovakiasa da poloneTSi). evrokavSiris qveynebTan

CamorCenis daZleva moiTxovs did investiciebsa da swraf teqnologiur cvlilebebs.

miuxedavad daCqarebuli ekonomikuri zrdisa, Sida danazogebi Cans, rom ver akmayofilebs

sainvesticio moTxovnas, ramac SeiZleba ganapirobos danazogebsa da investiciebs Soris

gansxvaveba da Sesabamisi mimdinare angariSis deficiti.

kandidati qveynebis rogorc axali wevrebis, monawileoba ekonomikur da monetarul

kavSirSi ayalibebs zust orientirebs fulad-sakredito da gacvliTi kursis politikis

warmarTvisaTvis. fulad-sakredito politikasTan mimarTebiT, sxva moTxovnebs Soris dgas

centraluri bankis damoukideblobis ganmtkicebis sakiTxi, romlis saboloo mizans fasebis

stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa da centraluri bankis mier mTavrobis pirdapiri dafinansebis

akrZalva warmoadgens. es sistema amJamad progresulad xorcieldeba. rac Seexeba gacvliTi

kursis politikas, misi saboloo mizani evros SemoRebaa. kandidati qveynebis umravlesobis

savaluto politika mimarTulia ufro metad moqnil gacvliTi kursis reJimebze.

makroekonomikuri politikis TvalsazrisiT did sirTules warmoadgens mimdinare

angariSis deficiti. 2000 wels kandidati qveynebis mimdinare angariSis deficitis saSualo

done Seadgenda mSp-s 5 procents. moklevadian periodSi am qveynebs jer kidev SeuZliaT

daeyrdnon privatizaciasTan dakavSirebul investiciebis nakads, rogorc deficitis

dafinansebis wyaros. vinaidan privatizaciis procesi dasasruls uaxlovdeba, deficitis

dafinanseba SeiZleba eyrdnobodes valebis dagrovebas. Tumca, is ufro moklevadiani da

amasTan erTad ufro mobiluri iqneba qveynidan kapitalis swrafi gadinebis TvalsazrisiT.

ekonomikuri politika da makroekonomikuri garemo stabilurobis SenarCunebisaTvis

gadamwyvetia. regularuli dialogi makroekonomikuri politikisa da finansuri stabilurobis

sakiTxebis farTo speqtrze wevr da kandidat qveynebs Soris saSualebas miscems kandidat

qveynebs daaCqaron evrogaerTianebaSi integraciis procesi da daZlion sirTuleebi.

wyaro: angariSi kandidat qveynebSi makroekonomikuri da finansuri stabilurobis Sesaxeb, evrokomisia,

ekonomikuri da finansuri sakiTxebis direqtorati, 2002.

Tavi mesame. saxelmwifo finansebi


2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad wlis pirvel naxevarSi mTliani

Semosavlebi da grantebi 448,5 milioni lari unda yofiliyo, rac wliuri prognozis

48 procentia. saxelmwifo biujetis faqtiurma Semosavlebma wlis pirvel naxevarSi

381,9 milioni lari Seadgina, rac dagegmilze 66,5 milioni lariT naklebia. srulad

ar iqna miRebuli gaTvaliswinebuli Semosavlebi sagareo wyaroebidan. amiT aixsneba

35,6 milioni laris danaklisi. gegmis Seusruleblobis meore mizezia

mosalodnelze naklebi sagadasaxado Semosavlebi. Tumca gadasaxdebis amoReba wina

welTan SedarebiT 6 procentiT gaumjobesda. mogebis gadasaxadisa da saqonlis

importisas amoRebuli gadasaxadebis mkveTr zrdas Tan axlda yvela sxva

gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebis umniSvnelo kleba.

centraluri biujetis xarjebis gegma wlis pirvel naxevarSi ganisazRvra

454 milioni lariT. faqtiurma xarjebma Seadgina 377,3 milioni lari, rac gegmis

83 procentia. specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis xarjebma 113,9 milioni lari

Seadgina. xarjebis gawevisas mTavrobis ZiriTadi prioritetebi iyo socialuri

sferos dafinanseba, saxelmwifos marTva da saxelmwifo valis momsaxureba.

saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti dafinansda 82 milioni lariT. aqedan

53 milioni lari aris saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis krediti, danarCeni ki

adgilobrivi wyaroebidan Semovida.

saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi

2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti wlis pirvel naxevarSi iTvaliswinebda

448,5 milioni laris miRebas saSemosavlo nawilSi, saidanac 355 milioni lari

centraluri biujetis Semosavali unda yofiliyo. saxelmwifo biujetma faqtiurad

381,9 milioni lari miiRo, rac gegmuri maCveneblis 85,2 procentia. 66,5 milioni

laris danaklisi ZiriTadad aixsneba dagegmilze naklebi sagadasaxado SemosavlebiT

yvela gadasaxadidan garda 1 procentiani socialuri gadasaxadisa. gegmis

Seusruleblobis meore wyaroa arasrulad miRebuli sagareo grantebi.

arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi aseve CamorCeboda gegmas.

saxelmwifo biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis gegma wlis pirvel naxevarSi

ganisazRvra 357,2 milioni lariT, rac sagadasaxado Semosavlebis wliuri prognozis

46,3 procentia. faqtiurad miRebuli iqna 331,3 milioni laris Semosavlebi, rac gegmis

92,8 procentia. es maCvenebeli ufro axloa saprognozosTan, vidre mTliani

biujetis Sesrulebis maCvenebeli.

arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis xaziT wlis pirvel naxevarSi biujetma miiRo

48,7 milioni lari, rac gegmur maCvenebelze 9 procentiT naklebia. gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli 37,3 milioni laris sagareo grantebidan mxolod 4,3 procenti iqna

miRebuli.

saxelmwifo finansebi

18 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2

2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebis Sedareba saprognozo da wina

wlis maCveneblebTan moyvanilia cxrilSi 3.1

cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax. (milioni lari)

wlis

geg

ma

wlis

pir

veli

naxevar

is g

egma

wlis

pir

veli

naxevar

is f

aqtiu

ri

Semosavleb

i

geg

mis S

esruleb

a

faqtiu

ri

Semosavleb

i

wliu

r g

egmasTan

zrda

win

a wel

Tan

Sed

areb

iT

sul Semosavlebi da grantebi 928,6 448,5 381,95 85,2 41,1 109

sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 771,3 357,2 331,3 92,8 43,0 106

arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi 79,1 53,6 48,7 90,7 61,6 158

specialuri saxelmwifo

fondebis Semosavlebi

(centraluri biujetidan

transfertis gareSe)

198,3 93,5 86,9 93,0 43,8 101

grantebi 77,5 37,3 1,6 4,3 2,1 23

wyaro: finansTa saministro

miuxedavad imisa rom Semosavlebi yvela kategoriaSi CamorCeboda saprognozo

maCveneblebs, monacemebi asaxavs mniSvnelovan zrdas wina welTan SedarebiT.

biujetis mTliani Semosavlebis nominalurma zrdam wlis ganmavlobaSi 9 procenti

Seadgina. periodebs Soris 5.9 procentiani inflacia imis maCvenebelia, rom adgili

hqonda Semosavlebis realur zrdas. nominaluri zrda yvelaze mniSvnelovan,

sagadasaxado Semosavlebis kategoriaSi inflaciis maCveneblis tolfasi, 6 procenti

iyo. Tumca specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis Semosavlebis zrda, rac ZiriTadad

gadasaxadebisgan Sedgeba da Sedis zemoT moyvanil sagadasaxado SemosavlebSi,

naklebia inflaciis maCvenebelze, rac specfondebis Semosavlebis realur klebaze

miuTiTebs. arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis 58 procentiani zrda wina welTan

SedarebiT ganpirobebulia centralur biujetSi erovnuli bankis mogebis

gadaricxviT. 2001 wels analogiuri gadaricxva wlis Semdgom periodebSi moxda.

sxvagvari Sedarebaa saWiro imisaTvis, rom SevafasoT Tu riT aris Semosavlebis

zrda ganpirobebuli – ekonomikuri zrdiT Tu administrirebis gaumjobesebiT. Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT 5,9 procentian inflacias da mSp-s 4,2 procentian zrdas periodebs

Soris, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom saxelmwifo Semosavlebi administrirebis imave

donis SenarCunebiT Semosavlebi 10,3 procentiT unda gazrdiliyo. Sesabamisad,

nominaluri zrdis maCvenebeli administraciis gauaresebaze miuTiTebs.

centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis detalebi moyvanilia

cxrilSi 3.2.



cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.

(milioni lari)

wlis

geg

ma

wlis

pir

veli

naxevar

is g

egma

wlis

pir

veli

naxevar

is

faqtiu

ri

Semosavleb

i

geg

mis

Ses

ruleb

a

faqtiu

ri

Semosavleb

i

wliu

r

geg

masTan

zrda win

a

wel

Tan

Sed

areb

iT

centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado

Semosavlebi 573,7 264,1 244,7 92,7 42,7 106,

saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 19,9 9,3 8,2 88,9 41,4 98mogebis gadasaxadi 9,6 4,5 3,9 86,6 40,9 124dRg 374,8 172,2 166,6 96,7 44,5 108

adgilobrivi 203,5 94,4 92,8 98,3 45,6 99importi 171,3 77,8 73,8 94,8 43,1 121

aqcizi 104,7 48,0 40,3 84,0 38,5 103adgilobrivi 27,1 12,6 10,1 79,6 37,1 94importi 77,6 35,4 30,3 85,5 39,0 106

sabaJo gadasaxadi 59,2 27,4 21,2 77,2 35,7 102sxva gadasaxadebi 5,5 2,6 4,4 173,3 80,9 -

1 procentiani socialuri

gadasaxadi 5,5 2,6 2,9 113,8 53,1 -

fiqsirebuli gadasaxadi - - 1,6 - - -wyaro: finansTa saministro

SeniSvna: 1 procentiani socialuri gadasaxadi wina wlebSi dasaqmebis fondSi miimarTeboda.

fiqsirebuli gadasaxadi SemoRebul iqna 2002 wlis ianvarSi da am wyarodan Semosavlebis gegma ar yofila

gaTvaliswinebuli biujetis Sedgenis etapze.

mTliani sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zrdis maCvenebeli gamoTvlilia sxva gadasaxadebis

gauTvaliswineblad romlebic centralur biujetSi mxolod 2002 wels Sevida.

Semosavali pirdapiri gadasaxadebidan dagegmilze naklebi iyo. saSemosavlo

gadasaxadidan miRebuli 8.2 milioni lari da mogebis gadasaxadidan miRebuli

3.9 milioni lari wlis pirveli naxevris saprognozo maCveneblebs Sesabamisad 11 da

13 procentiT CamorCeboda. Tumca wina wlis monacemebTan Sedareba miuTiTebs

saSemosavlo gadasaxadis umniSvnelo klebaze maSin, roca mogebis gadasaxadidan

miRebuli Semosavlebi 24 procentiT gaizarda.

damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi ufro axlos

iyo saprognozo maCveneblebTan. am gadasaxads kritikuli mniSvneloba aqvs mTliani

biujetis SemosavlebisTvis (dRg-s Semosavlebma centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado

Semosavlebis 68 procenti Seadgina). am xaziT miRebuli 166 milioni lari wlis

pirveli naxevris saprognozo maCveneblis 96,7 procenti iyo da wina welTan

SedarebiT 8 procentiT gaizarda. Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom mxolod importidan

miRebuli dRg-s Semosavlebi gaizarda, sadac nominalurma zrdam 21 procenti

Seadgina.

SesaZloa saqarTvelos sagadasaxado sistemaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi

moxdes. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instituti muSaobs axali

sagadasaxado kodeqsis SemuSavebaze. am proeqtma mniSvnelovani politikuri

mxardaWera moipova. SemoTavazebuli proeqti iTvaliswinebs arsebuli gadasaxadebis

oTx gadasaxadamde dayvanas. esenia saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, dRg, aqcizi da qonebis



gadasaxadi. proeqti aseve iTvaliswinebs gadasaxadebis ganakveTebis mniSvnelovan

Semcirebas da cvlilebebs gadasaxadis gamoTvlis meTodologiaSi. erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani cvlilebaa dRg-s valdebulebis gamoTvlis angariS-faqturis

meTodidan gamoklebis meTodze gadasvla. miuxedavad imisa rom gamoklebis meTodi

naklebad aris daculi upatiosno garigebebisgan da gadasaxadebis damalvisgan,

koncefciis avtorebi miiCneven rom es cvlileba gaaumjobesebs konkurentul garemos

saqarTvelos bazarze. dRevandel dRes iTvleba, rom arsebuli angariS-faqturis

meTodi ar aris adeqvaturad ganxorcielebuli. Sedegad zogierTi biznesi

iZulebulia gadaixados dRg ara marto Tavis Seqmnil damatebul Rirebulebaze

aramed im Rirebulebaze romelic warmoebis wina etapebze Seiqmna. gamoklebis

meTodze gadasvla Seamcirebs zRvars “gadamxdelebsa” da “argadamxdelebs” Soris.

AdRg-s valdebulebis gansazRvris angariS-faqturisa da gamoklebis meTodebis

maxasiaTeblebi ganxilulia CanarTSi 3.1 am Tavis bolos.

aqcizidan miRebuli Semosavlebi wlis pirveli naxevaris gegmas 26 procentiT

CamorCeboda. Tumca am wyarodan miRebuli 40,3 milioni lari wina wlis Sesabamis

maCvenebels 3 procentiT aRemateba. zrda, iseve rogorc dRgs SemTxvevaSi,

ganpirobebulia importis dabegvriT. sabaJo gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi

gegmis 77,2 procenti iyo da wina welTan SedarebiT umniSvnelod gaizarda.

gadasaxadebis akrefis zogadi suraTi Semdegia: mogebis gadasaxadidan da

importis dabegvridan miRebuli Semosavlebis mkveTr zrdas Tan axlavs yvela sxva

gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebis umniSvnelo kleba. amave dros mSp-s da

importis moculobebs an struqturas ar ganucdia iseTi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi

rasac SeeZlo sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zemoT aRwerili ganviTareba gamoewvia.

movlenebis axsna SesaZloa administraciul aRsrulebaSi iyos. pirvel rigSi

aRsaniSnavia rom administrireba sazRvarze ufro advilia da ar moiTxovs rTul

sabuRaltro Semowmebas. meore faqtorad SeiZleba CavTvaloT is, rom adgilobriv

mewarmeebs urCevniaT Tanxebi mogebis saxiT gaitanon, vidre xelfasis saxiT

imisaTvis rom Tavi aaridon mZime socialur gadasaxadebs. da bolos Tu

vigulisxmebT, rom upatiosno sagadasaxado praqtika farTod aris gavrcelebuli

saqarTveloSi da sagadasaxado organoebi mewarmisagan ubralod metis gadaxdas

moiTxoven, mewarmes urCevnia meti mogeba aCvenos angariSebSi, vidre meti dRg-s

daqvemdebarebuli gayidvebi an realuri xelfasebi.

specialuri saxelmwifo fondebi

socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mTlianma Semosavlebma

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 99,6 milioni lari Seadgina. am Tanxidan 75,1 milioni

lari (wliuri gegmis 48,4 procenti) socialuri gadasaxadebidan Semovida, xolo

24 milioni lari (wliuri gegmis 47,3 procenti centraluri biujetidan miRebuli

transferi iyo. saxelmwifo pensiebi dafinansda 97,5 milioni lariT, rac wliuri

gegmis 43,2 procentia. 2 milioni lari daixarja pensiebisa da sxva socialuri

daxmarebebis gasanawileblad. administraciulma xarjebma Seadgina 1,9 milioni lari.

wlis pirvel naxevarSi sagzao fondis Semosavlebi biujetis Tanaxmad

19,8 milioni lari unda yofiliyo. fondis sakuTarma Semosavlebma (romlebic



ZiriTadad navTobproduqtebis aqcizidan da sxva gadasaxdebidan Semodis) 16 milioni

lari Seadgina. 1 milioni lari gadmoericxa sagzao fonds prezidentis fondidan

maRalmTian raionebSi wvimebis Sedegad dazianebuli xidebis aRsadgenad. fondis

ZiriTadi xarjebi iyo: gzebis SekeTebisaTvis 6,8 milioni lari; wina wlebSi

Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis safasuris gadaxda – 4,5 milioni lari; saerTaSoriso

kreditebiT dafinansebuli proeqtebis Tanadafinanseba – 2,6 milioni lari;

kreditebis momsaxurebis xarjebi – 1 milioni lari.

saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti

2002 wlis biujetis kanoni wlis pirvel naxevarSi iTvaliswinebda deficitis

dasafinanseblad 80,7 milioni laris mozidvas adgilobrivi da ucxouri wyaroebidan.

deficitis faqtiurma dafinansebam 82,8 milioni lari Seadgina, rac gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebulis 103 procentia. saxelmwifos davalianeba erovnuli bankis mimarT

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 14 milioni lariT gaizarda, nacvlad dagegmili

20 milioni larisa. saxazino valdebulebebi gamoSvebul iqna 12,7 milioni laris

moculobiT, rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuls 5,2 milioni lariT aRemateba. saxelmwifo

qonebis privatizaciidan miRebuli Tanxebi gegmasTan SesabamisobaSi iyo da

3,5 milioni lari Seadgina. saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis investiciurma

kreditebma 52,4 milioni lari Seadgina, rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuls 5,3 procentiT

aRemateba. saxazino angariSebze arsebuli naSTi wlis dasawyisSi 14,6 milioni lari

iyo. es Tanxebi gamoyenebul iqna 2001 wlis dekembris davalianebebis dasafaravad.

centraluri biujetis xarjebi

centraluri biujeti 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi wina wlis dekembris

davalianebis CaTvliT 454,4 milioni laris xarjebs iTvaliswinebda. faqtiurma

xarjebma 377,3 milioni lari Seadgina rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulis 83 procentia.

periodis bolosTvis mTavrobis angariSebze arsebuli naSTi 15 milion lars

Seadgenda rac gamoyenebul iqna ivlisSi arsebuli davalianebebis dasafaravad.

entraluri biujetis xarjebi ekonomikur WrilSi moyvanilia qvemoT

cxrilSi 3.3.



cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.

(milioni lari)

2002 wlis

pirveli

naxevari

2001 wlis

pirveli

naxevari

zrda wina

welTan

SedarebiT

sul xarjebi 377,4 305,8 123,4xelfasebi 39,1 35,3 110,8mivlinebebi 2,9 2,2 134,4socialuri anaricxebi 9,3 7,7 120,7sxva saqoneli da momsaxureba 45,6 38,5 118,5procentebis gadaxda 64,0 53,9 118,7subsidiebi da mimdinare

transfertebi 126,7107,6

117,7kapitaluri xarjebi 0,3 0,6 42,2programuli xarjebi 13,3 11,7 113,5wminda dakrediteba 76,2 48,3 157,8


saxelmwifo moxeleTa xelfasebi gegmis 80 procentiT dafinansda. am muxliT

gaweuli 39 milioni laris xarji 10 milioni lariT CamorCeboda dagegmil

moculobas magram mainc 10 procentiT aRemateboda wina wlis analogiur maCvenebels.

saxelmwifos, rogorc damqiraveblis socialuri Senatanebi 84 procentiT

dafinansda. socialuri Senatanebis xelfasebTan SedarebiT ukeTesi dafinanseba

rogorc Cans asaxavs wina periodebSi arsebul socialuri Senatanebis davalianebas

romelic 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi daifara. mivlinebebze daixarja 2,9 milioni

lari gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli 3,9 milioni laris nacvlad. Tanxebis gamoyofa am

muxlisaTvis ZiriTadad mTavrobis sarezervo fondidan xdeboda.

“sxva saqoneli da momsaxurebis” muxliT wlis pirvel naxevarSi 45 milioni

lari daixarja, rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulis 67 procentia. am muxliT yvelaze

mniSvnelovani xarji kvebis produqtebis SeZena iyo, romlebic gankuTvnilia

samxedro samsaxurebisTvis, patimrebisTvis da obol bavSvTa saxlebisTvis. kvebis

produqtebis SesaZenad 8,3 milioni lari daixarja, nacvlad gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli 10 milioni larisa. saqarTvelos diplomatiuri

warmomadgenlobebi sazRvargareT aseve sxva saqoneli da momsaxurebis muxlidan

finansdeba. 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi am miznebisTvis 7,4 milioni lari daixarja

rac gegmis 85 procentia. 4,1 milioni lari daixarja adgilobrivi arCevnebis

organizebisTvis. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebisTvis eleqtroenergiisa da wylis

miwodebaze 6,2 milioni lari daixarja. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT saxazino

angariSebidan CamoiWra 4,3 milioni lari im kompaniebis sasargeblod, romlebmac

wina wlebSi saxelmwifos miawodes saqoneli an momsaxureba da sanacvlod ar miiRes

anazRaureba.

saxelmwifo valze procentebis gadaxdam wlis pirvel naxevarSi 53,9 milioni

lari Seadgina, saidanac 25,2 milioni lari sagareo valis momsaxurebaze daixarja,

xolo 38,7 milioni lari erovnuli bankis sesxis momsaxurebis da saxazino

valdebulebebze diskontis xarjebi iyo. subsidiebi da mimdinare transfertebi

gegmis 90 procentiT dafinansda. am kategoriaSi mniSvnelovani xarjebi iyo

adgilobriv biujetebSi transferti 32 milioni laris odenobiT, skolis



maswavleblebis xelfasebi da sxva socialuri xarjebi 30 milioni laris odenobiT,

transferti socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondSi 24 milioni laris odenobiT,

subsidia energetikis dargisTvis 12 milioni laris odenobiT da subsidia

saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevis kompanias 8 milioni laris odenobiT.

programulma xarjebma 13,3 milioni lari Seadgina. aq Sedis jandacvis

saxelmwifo programis, invalidTa saxelmwifo programisa da dasaqmebis saxelmwifo

programis 6,9 milioni laris xarjebi, aseve mosaxleobis aRwerasTan dakavSirebuli

1,8 milioni lari. wminda dakreditebis muxliT gaweulma xarjebma wlis pirvel

naxevarSi 76,2 milioni lari Seadgina rac gegmis 94 procentia. aqedan 16,1 milioni

lari iyo saxelmwifo valis ZiriTadi Tanxis gadaxda. saerTaSoriso safinanso

organizaciebis dafinansebulma proeqtebma 53,6 milioni lari Seadgina xolo amave

proeqtebis Tanadafinansebam saqarTvelos mxridan 6,5 milioni lari.

saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis funqcionalur WrilSi ganxilva ukeTesad

aCvenebs mTavrobis xarjviT prioritetebs.

cxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalcxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalcxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalcxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalur WrilSi,ur WrilSi,ur WrilSi,ur WrilSi,

2002 wlis pirveli nax.2002 wlis pirveli nax.2002 wlis pirveli nax.2002 wlis pirveli nax.

(milioni lari)

xarjebi

procenti mTlian

xarjebSi

saxelmwifos marTva 91,9 20,1Tavdacva 16,9 3,7kanoniereba da wesrigi 37,9 8,3ganaTleba 15,2 3,3jandacva 16,7 3,7socialuri uzrunvelyofa 116,3 25,5sabinao meurneoba 1,9 0,4kultura sporti da religia 10,1 2,2energetika 12,6 2,8soflis meurneoba 2,9 0,6mSenebloba da wiaRiseulis mopoveba 0,2 0,1transporti da kavSirgabmuloba 19,6 4,3sxva ekonomikuri saqmianoba 1,1 0,2sxva xarjebi 112,9 24,7sul xarjebi 456,5 100,0


saxelmwifos marTvis, socuzrunvelyofis da sxva xarjebs kvlav mTavari

adgili uWiravs saxelmwifo biujetSi. saxelmwifos marTvis xarjebi aerTianebs

saxelmwifo struqturebis Senaxvis xarjebs (ZiriTadad xelfasebi da saqonlis

SeZena) da aseve saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis mier dafinansebul

proeqtebs (60 milioni lari). socialuri uzrunvelyofis xarjebi faravs

67.2 milioni laris saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenas da 47,5 milioni laris

socialuri xasiaTis transfertebs. sxva xarjebis muxliT 64 milioni lari daixarja



procentebis gadaxdaze, 16 milioni lari saxelmwifo valis ZiriTadi Tanxis

gadaxdaze, xolo 32 milioni lari subsidiebze.


dRg----s valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebis valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebis valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebis valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebi

dRgs ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia is rom gadasaxadis gadaxda unda moxdes gayidvebsa da

Sesyidvebs Soris gansxvavebaze. arsebobs sami ZiriTadi gza romliTac amis uzrunvelyof

SeiZleba. esenia: angariS-faqturis, gamoklebis da damatebis meTodebi.

• angariS-faqturis meTodis gamoyenebisas, yoveli gamyidveli axdevinebs myidvels dadgenil

gadasaxads yovel gayidvaze da gadascems mas angariS-faqturas romelic uCvenebs

gadaxdili gadasaxadis odenobas. myidvels Tavis mxriv, Tu is aris dRg-s gadamxdeli

Tavis gayidvebze, SeuZlia miiRos sagadasaxado krediti nayid saqonelze gadaxdili dRg-s

odenobiT Tavis gayidvebze gadasaxdeli dRg-s winaaRmdeg da gansxvaveba gadauxados

sagadasaxado organoebs an daibrunos roca SeZenil saqonelze gadaxdili dRg aRemateba

gayidvebze gadasaxdel dRg-s.

• gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas, gadasaxadis daricxva xdeba sabuRaltro angariSebze

dayrdnobiT. damatebuli Rirebuleba gamoiTvleba yoveli firmisTvis Semosavlebidan

daSvebuli xarjebis gamoklebiT.

• damatebis meTodis gamoyenebisas, gamoiyeneba damatebuli Rirebulebis Sefaseba romelic

gamoiTvleba faqtoruli Semosavlebis SekrebiT (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SesworebiT).

praqtika da sayovelTao SeTanxmeba mniSvnelovnad emxroba angariS-faqturis meTodis

gamoyenebas. erTaderTi qveyana sadac erovnul doneze dRg gamoiangariSeba gamoklebis

meTodiT aris iaponia. aseve, italiis IRAP (regionaluri saSemosavlo gadasaxadi), romelic

1998 wels iqna SemoRebuli, miuxedavad saxelis gansxvavebisa, faqtiurad aris gamoklebis

meTodiT gamoangariSebuli dRg.

angariS-faqturis da gamoklebis meTodebs bevri saerTo Tviseba aqvT. orive daculia

Sualedur transaqciebze gadasaxadis gadauxdelobisgan. Tu gamyidveli ar ganacxadebs

gayidvis Sesaxeb, dakarguli dRg-s kompensacia moxdeba im SemTxvevaSi Tu myidveli aseve ar

moiTxovs gadasaxadis CaTvlas (angariS-faqturis meTodi) an xarjebis gamoklebas (gamoklebis

meTodi). marTlac Caketili ekonomikis da erTganakveTiani gadasaxadis pirobebSi am meTodebs

Soris gansxvaveba ar aris. Tumca aseTi idealuri samyaros gareT ramodenime gansxvaveba

Cndeba.

am gansxvavebebis umetesoba asaxavs im ZiriTad princips rom angariS-faqturis meTodi

efuZneba transaqcibs xolo gamoklebis meTodi organizaciebs. es Tavis mxriv niSnavs rom

angariS-faqturis meTodis gamoyenebisas gadaxdili gadasaxadi winaswaria yovel stadiaze da

gamoiqviTeba Semdeg transaqciaze gadasaxadis gamoTvlisas, gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas

ki gadaxdili gadasaxadi sabolooa. yvelaze ufro TvalsaCinoa Semdegi gansxvavebebi:

• imis gamo rom angariS-faqturis meTodi pirdapir akavSirebs myidvelis mier gadaxdil

gadasaxads gamoqviTvis uflebasTan, es meTodi ufro efeqturia Sualeduri gayidvebisas

gadasaxadis damalvis aRsakveTad. amis sapirispirod, gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas,

gamyidvelma SesaZloa saerTod ar ganacxados ganxorcielebuli gayidvis Sesaxeb maSin

roca myidveli mainc moiTxovs xarjis gamoqviTvas. angariS-faqturis meTodiT igive efeqti

SeiZleba miviRoT maSin Tu gamyidveli ar Seitans sagadasaxado organoebSi gadasaxads

romelic myidvelisTvis micemul angariS-faqturaSia miTiTebuli.



• angariS-faqturis meTodi ukeT aris morgebuli gadasaxadis diferencirebul ganakveTTan.

magaliTisTvis warmovidginoT rom zogierTi saqonlis gayidva nulovani ganakveTiT

ibegreba rac imas niSnavs rom gayidvisas gadasaxadi ar gadaixdeba magram gamyidvels

ufleba aqvs gamoqviTos an daibrunos yidvisas gadaxdili gadasaxadi, sxva saqoneli ki

Cveulebriv standartuli gankveTiT ibegreba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, angariS faqturis meTodis

gamoyenebisas, nulovani ganakveTiT dabegril gayidvebze gadasaxadis gadaxda ubralod ar

xdeba. gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas imave efeqtis misaRwevad, gayidvebis mTlian

moculobas unda gamoakldes nulovani ganakveTiT dabegrili gayidvebis moculoba,

risTvisac gamyidvelma unda ganasxvavos sabuRaltro angariSebSi sxvadasxva tipis

gayidvebi. analogiurad SesaZlebelia mravalganakveTiani sistemis gamoyeneba gamoklebis

meTodiT magram am SemTxvevaSi es meTodi garkveulwilad daemsgavseba angariS-faqturis

meTods radganac gamyidvelebs moeTxovebaT Seinaxon dokumentacia romelic daadasturebs

yoveli gayidvis tips. erTaderTi gansxvaveba angariS-faqturis meTodTan iqneba is rom ar

aris saWiro gamyidvels da myidvels erTnairi angariS-faqtura hqondeT.

• wina siZnelis kerZo SemTxveva warmoCindeba saerTaSoriso vaWrobasTan mimarTebaSi. Tu

vaRiarebT dRg-s daniSnulebis princips, rac saerTod rekomendirebulia, maSin eqsporti

nulovani ganakveTiT unda ibegrebodes. es ki rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT ufro bunebrivad

xorcieldeba angariS-faqturis meTodiT. amis sapirispirod, gamoklebis meTodis ufro

Seefereba warmoSobis principi (anu gadasaxadi gadaixdeba iq sadac moxda saqonlis

warmoeba) radganac Tavisis arsiT es meTodi aris gadasaxadi wyarosTan Seqmnil

damatebul Rirebulebaze.

• sxva siZneleebi warmoCindeba gadasaxadisgan ganTavisuflebul saqonelTan dakavSirebiT.

gadasaxadisgan ganTavisuflebis miRweva advilia orive SemTxvevaSi. angariS-faqturis

meTodisas gadasaxadis gadaxda ar xdeba saqonlis gayidvis dros da Sesabamisad myidvels

ar aqvs saSualeba CaiTvalos gadasaxadi momavalSi. gamoklebis meTodisas nulovani

ganakveTi miesadageba gayidvebsa da Sesyidvebs Soris gansxvavebas. sirTule maSin Cndeba

rodesac registrirebuli movaWre yidulobs gadasaxadisgan ganTavisuflebul saqonels.

angariS-faqturis meTodiT myidveli ar iRebs araviTar kredits, gamoklebis meTodiT ki

myidvels SeuZlia xarjebi gamoqviTos. romeli midgomaa umjobesi, es damokidebulia

imaze Tu ra motiviT aris saqoneli ganTavisuflebuli gadasaxadisgan. gadasaxadisgan

ganTavisuflebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani formaa mcire sawarmoebis ganTavisufleba dRg-

sgan im mizeziT rom maTgan gadasaxadis amoReba administraciulad mouxerxebelia. am

SemTxvevaSi gamoklebis meTodi ufro misaRebia radganac mcire sawarmoebidan Sesyidvebi

iseve ganixileba rogorc registrirebuli sawarmoebidan Sesyidvebi.

• sadac arsebobs efeqturi saSemosavlo gadasaxadis sistema (rac iSviaTobaa ganviTarebad

qveynebSi) SesaZloa gamoklebis meTodis hqondes upiratesoba administraciuli xarjebis

TvalsazrisiT, radganac aucilebeli informacia da sabuRaltro Canawerebi isedac

saWiroa saSemosavlo gadasaxadisaTvis.

gamoyenebulia: The Modern VAT/Liam Ebrill et.al; IMF 2001

Tavi meoTxe. fuli da finansebi


fulad-sakredito instrumentebi

2002 wlis biujetis kanonis Sesabamisad, biujetis deficitis adgilobrivi

wyaroebidan dafinansebisaTvis dadgenilia Semdegi parametrebi: 30 milioni lari

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis (seb ) wminda dakrediteba, 20 milioni lari – saxazino

valdebulebebis (sv ) ganTavseba. amasTan erTad, biujetis deficitis seb-is pirdapiri

dakreditebidan saxazino valdebulebebis ganTavsebiT dafinansebaze gadasvla

erovnuli bankisa da finansTa saministros erTobliv amocanas warmoadgens. Fam

mizniT finansTa saministrom gazarda sv-s emisiebi. 2001 wels ganTavsebuli sv-s

saerTo Tanxam 60 milioni lari Seadgina, 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi emisiis

moculoba 128,7 milionamde gaizarda. 1997 wels sv-s SemoRebis Semdeg am fulad-

sakredito instrumentis roli biujetis dafinansebaSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda, rasac

qvemoT moyvanili naxati asaxavs.

nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba sv----s ganTavsebiT, s ganTavsebiT, s ganTavsebiT, s ganTavsebiT,

1997 1997 1997 1997 ---- 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax.

0000

5555

10101010

15151515

20202020

25252525

1997199719971997 1998199819981998 1999199919991999 2000200020002000 2001200120012001 2002 I nax.2002 I nax.2002 I nax.2002 I nax.

milio

ni l

ari

milio

ni l

ari

milio

ni l

ari

milio

ni l

ari

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki

seb-is da finansTa saministros (fs ) erToblivi RonisZiebebi sv-s mimarT

investorTa interesis asamaRleblad sakmaod warmatebuli iyo. moxda mniSvnelovani

cvlilebebi pirveladi bazris diversifikaciis mimarTulebiT. wina wlebSi sv-s

bazari ZiriTadaT sabanko investorebisagan Sedgeboda. 2002 wels arasabanko

investorebis raodenoba mkveTrad gaizarda da 58 procenti Seadgina, maSin rodesac

2001 wels maTi wili mxolod 19 procentiT Semoifargleboda. am procesis erT-erTi

axsnaa sv-s saprocento ganakveTebi, romlebic bankebis mier SeTavazebul sadepozito

ganakveTebze ufro maRali gaxda.

fuli da finansebi

saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 27

cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da sv----s auqcionebzes auqcionebzes auqcionebzes auqcionebze

dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili

erovnul valutaSi erovnul valutaSi erovnul valutaSi erovnul valutaSi denominirebuli denominirebuli denominirebuli denominirebuli

vadiani depozitebis vadiani depozitebis vadiani depozitebis vadiani depozitebis saprocento ganakveTi saprocento ganakveTi saprocento ganakveTi saprocento ganakveTi

(1)(1)(1)(1) svsvsvsv----s saproces saproces saproces saprocentonto ntonto

ganakveTi (1)ganakveTi (1)ganakveTi (1)ganakveTi (1)

ianianianian----02020202 10,56 25,19

TebTebTebTeb----02020202 11,02 48,91

marmarmarmar----02020202 10,02 47,26

aprapraprapr----02020202 12,02 36,65

maimaimaimai----02020202 10,59 55,42

ivnivnivnivn----02020202 10,58 32,58wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,

SeniSvna (1): wliuri saSualo Sewonili yvala vadianobisaTvis

wliuri saSualo Sewonili saprocento ganakveTi, romelic 2002 wlis pirvel

naxevarSi fiqsirdeboda, ufro maRali iyo vidre 2001 wels (saSualod 40,7 procenti

da 30,16-Sesabamisad),

biujetis SedgenasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi sirTuleebs uqmnis momdevno

emisiebis moculobisa da grafikis dadgenas. Tvis ganmavlobaSi sagadasaxado

Semosavlebis arariTmuloba ganapirobebs xazinis angariSze Tanxebis akumulirebas

mxolod Tvis bolo ricxvebSi. amis gamo biujetis Semosavlebisa da Sida wyaroebiT

biujetis Sevsebis winaswari prognozireba problematuri xdeba. situacias arTulebs

is faqti, rom qveyanaSi ar arsebobs biujetis Semosavlebis, xarjebisa da

dafinansebis realuri prognozirebis meqanizmi. am pirobebSi potenciur investorebs

ara aqvT saSualeba gamoimuSaon grZelvadiani sainvesticio strategia, rac Tavis

mxriv sv-s bazris ganviTarebas aferxebs. am problemis gadawyvetisaTvis

mizanSewonili iqneboda biujetis dagegmvisa da prognozirebis erTiani

meTodologiis SemuSaveba, Tumca sanam es meTodologia ar arsebobs, gamoyenebul

iqna sxva midgoma. wina wlebSi sv-s vadianoba 28 da 91 dRiT Semoifargleboda,

amjerad ki finansTa saministros ufleba aqvs gamouSvas Svidis jeradi vadianobis

fasiani qaRaldebi. 2002 wlis ivnisis bolosaTvis emitirebuli sv-s vadianoba

49 dRidan 140 dRemde meryeobs.

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Catarda 30 sakredito auqcioni. 7 auqcionze

miwodeba moTxovnas aRemateboda, ramac gamoiwvia saprocento ganakveTebis zrda.

Sv-s auqcionebze dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebi damokidebulia bankebSi

arsebuli likvidurobis mdgomareobaze. rogorc wesi, Tvis bolo dReebSi da

momdevno Tvis dasawyisSi bankebSi Tavisufali likvidurobis naklebobaa, vinaidan

maTi klientebi biujetTan angariSsworebas awarmoeben. am dros sv-ze moTxovna

ufro dabalia, vidre Tvis Sua ricxvebSi. 2002 wlis dasawyisi xasiaTdeboda laris

nominaluri kursis dacemiT, ramac ganapiroba sv-is saprocento ganakveTebis zrda.

am orma faqtorma gamoiwvia dabali moTxovna sv-s ramodenime auqcionze 2002 wlis

pirvel naxevarSi. amave dros gaizarda investorebis moTxovna grZelvadian sv-ze,

rac investorTa ndobis zrdas asaxavs.

fuli da finansebi


sv-ze moTxovnis zrdis tendenciis miuxedavad, sxva fulad-sakredito

instrumentebis bazari isev ganuviTarebelia. repo aucionebi ar Catarebula

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, xolo lombarduli kreditebis 2 auqcioni Catarda

pirvel kvartalSi,

cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.

TariRi TariRi TariRi TariRi garigebebis garigebebis garigebebis garigebebis

moculoba moculoba moculoba moculoba

(lari)(lari)(lari)(lari)

vadianoba vadianoba vadianoba vadianoba wliuri saprocento wliuri saprocento wliuri saprocento wliuri saprocento

ganakveTi (procenti)ganakveTi (procenti)ganakveTi (procenti)ganakveTi (procenti)

29.03.2002 650,058 7 57,40

05.04.2002 654,504 7 45,,35


fulis miwodeba saqarTvelos ekonomika isev xasiaTdeba fiskaluri da sabiujeto problemebiT,

warmoebis seqtoris neli tempiT ganviTarebiT da importze orientirebiT. rogorc

wina wlebSi, fulis emisiaze mkacri kontroli ekonomikis stabilurobis erTaderTi

garantiaa. 2002 wlis fulad-sakredito politika wliuri inflaciis 4-6 procentis

farglebSi SenarCunebaze aris orientirebuli. mTavrobis pirdapiri dakrediteba

TandaTan sv-s emisiidan miRebuli saxsrebiT unda Seicvalos. 2002 wlis biujetis

Sesaxeb kanoni mTavrobis wminda dafinansebas 30 milioni laris farglebSi

iTvaliswinebs. mimdinare wlis dasasruls seb-is wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi

1,05 Tvis importis dasafinaseblad sakmaris Tanxas unda Seadgendes, M1-s sarezervo

fulis maCvenebeli mSp-s 12,5 procents unda Seadgendes, M3 ki – 19 procents.

fulis emisiaze mkacri kontroli aisaxa eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi (2001 wlis

dekemberTan SedarebiT) mimoqcevaSi fulis SemcirebiT da M2-s umniSvnelo zrdiT.

fuli mimoqcevaSi Semcirda 1,7 milioni lariT da erovnul valutaSi

denominirebuli depozitebis moculoba mxolod 4,6 milioni lariT gaizarda. amave

dros ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli depozitebi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 33 milioni lariT

gaizarda. ucxour valutaSi depozitebis zrdis Sedegad M3 34,3 milioni lariT

gaizarda 2002 wlis imave periodSi, M2 ki - mxolod 0,9 milioni lariT,

ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli depozitebis mkveTrma zrdam ganapiroba

dolarizaciis maRali done. fulis emisiaze mkacri kontrolisa da depozitebis

dolarizaciis maRali donis mniSvnelovani winapirobebis arsebobis Sedegad

M2 fulis multiplikatori 1-ze naklebia. 2002 wlis meore kvartlis ganmavlobaSi,

iseve rogorc wina periodebSi, es maCvenebeli 0,93-0,94 farglebSi meryeobda. am

fonze M3 fulis multiplikatoris zrda Zalze STambeWdavia: 2002 wlis ivnisis

mdgomareobiT erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi 1,66-dan 1,71-mde gaizarda,

saqarTveloSi dolarizaciis maRali donis sxvadasxva mizezi arsebobs.

pirveli mizezi aris is rom, larisadmi ndoba kvlavac dabalia da politikuri

arastabilurobisa da devalvaciis mudmivi molodinis gamo am problemas

permanentuli xasiaTi mieca. amis gamo mosaxleoba dagrovebis saSualebad myar

fuli da finansebi


valutas iyenebs. Sida safinanso bazris ganuviTarebloba depozitebis

dolarizaciis maRali donis meore mizezia. imis gamo, rom erovnul valutaSi

investirebis saSualeba Zalze SezRudulia, ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli

aqtivebis larebSi konversiis motivacia ar arsebobs. mesame mizezs warmoadgens

araformaluri seqtoris dominireba (ssd-s monacemebiT-60 procentamde) mTlian

ekonomikaSi, sadac dolari gamoiyeneba dagrovebis da gadaxdis saSualebad.

depozitebis mflobelebi arian rogorc iuridiuli, aseve fizikuri pirebi.

araformaluri seqtoris didi xvedriTi wilis gamo fizikuri pirebis Semosavali

dolarebSia denominirebuli. arsebuli liberaluri savaluto reJimis pirobebSi

kompaniebs ar evalebaT mihyidon saxelmwifos savaluto Semosavlis nawili, amitom

Semosavlis is nawili, romelic sabanko arxebSi xvdeba, Tavsdeba savaluto

depozitebze. laris Sida safinanso bazarze ganTavsebis saSualebebi da arCevani

Zalze mcirea. dResdReobiT, mxolod sv-bi warmoadgens sabanko depozitebis realur

alternativas. depozitebis mflobelebis sxva nawils warmoadgenen fizikuri pirebi.

samwuxarod, mosaxleobis umetesobis Semosavali imdenad mwiria, rom maT ar gaaCniaT

aranairi dagrovebis saSualeba. es gansakuTrebiT exeba mosaxleobis im nawils,

romelic Sromis anazRaurebas larebSi iRebs,

depozitebis maRali dolarizacia Sida safinanso bazarze arsebul

mdgomareobas asaxavs. am maCveneblis maRali done iribad adasturebs im faqts, rom

Tavisufali savaluto kursis pirobebSi qveyanaSi (ZiriTad araformaluri

seqtoridan) ucxouri valuta im raodenobiT Semoedineba, rac sakmarisia laris

stabiluri kursis SenarCunebisaTvis. depozitebis maRali dolarizacia seriozul

saSiSroebas warmoadgens komerciuli bankebisaTvis laris devalvaciis SemTxvevaSi,

vinaidan depozitebi bankebis valdebulebebs warmoadgenen; da bolos, depozitebis

dolarizaciis maRali done adasturebs im faqts, rom ekonomikis im seqtorebisaTvis,

sadac Semosavali ZiriTadad erovnul valutaSi miiReba, problematuria sabanko

sesxebis miReba, vinaidan bankebi, romelTa valdebulebebis umetesi wili

dolarebSia, Tavs arideben larebSi sesxebis gacemas. Tumca, administraciuli

zomebis SemoReba magaliTad, savaluto reJimis Secvla da aucilebeli miyidvis

daweseba gamoiwvevs ara dolarizaciis donis dawevas, aramed ucxouri valutis

gadinebas qveynidan. depozitebis dolarizaciis mkveTrad Semcireba SesaZlebelia

mxolod zemoaRniSnuli problemebis gadaWris gziT.

nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi –––– 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

dek

00

ian

01

Teb mar apr mai ivn ivl agv seq oqt noe dek ian

02

Teb mar apr mai ivn

depozitebi ucxour valutaSi

depozitebi erovnul valutaSi

bankebs gareT arsebuli naRdifuli

M3

M2

M0

wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,

fuli da finansebi


cxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebicxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebicxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebicxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebi

2002200220022002

ianianianian TebTebTebTeb marmarmarmar aprapraprapr maimaimaimai ivnivnivnivn

dolarizaciis koeficienti % 85.6 86.0 85.5 84.9 83.7 85.9

fulis multiplikatori (M2) 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.93

fulis multiplikatori (M3) 1.70 1.71 0.94 1.74 1.74 1.71 wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,

Sida inflacia cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi da inflaciafasebis indeqsi da inflaciafasebis indeqsi da inflaciafasebis indeqsi da inflacia

(2000 wlis dekemberi=100)

wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti ssf-s siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programis mixedviT qveyanaSi

inflaciis dabali donis SenarCuneba 2002 wlis fulad-sakredito politikis

ZiriTad miznad aris miCneuli. wliuri gegmuri infalcia 4-6 procentis farglebSi

iyo dagegmili, rac saSualo Tviur 0,42 procents niSnavs. ssd-s monacemebis

mixedviT 2002 wlis eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi saSualo inflaciis done 0,49 procentis

toli iyo. 2001 wlis bolosa da 2002 wlis dasawyisSi laris devalvaciam gamoiwvia

inflaciis SedarebiT swrafi zrda. maisis nulovani inflacia da ivnisis deflacia

samomxmareblo fasebis sezonuri daweviT iyo ganpirobebuli.

ssd-sma ganaxorciela warmoebis fasebis indeqsis (wfi) gaTvlis

meTodologiis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi. wfi-s kalaTa ZiriTadad

fasebis indeqsi inflacia wina

TvesTan

SedarebiT

2001200120012001 ianianianian 100.70 0.70

TebTebTebTeb 101.30 0.60

marmarmarmar 101.30 0.00

aprapraprapr 102.32 1.00

maimaimaimai 101.29 -1.00

ivnivnivnivn 100.89 -0.40

ivlivlivlivl 100.18 -0.70

agvagvagvagv 100.48 0.30

seqseqseqseq 99.88 -0.60

oqtoqtoqtoqt 100.58 0.70

noenoenoenoe 101.99 1.40

dekdekdekdek 103.42 1.40

2002200220022002 ianianianian 135.44 2.0

TebTebTebTeb 137,02 1.2

marmarmarmar 137,53 0.4

aprapraprapr 140,00 1.8

maimaimaimai 140.00 0.0

ivnivnivnivn 136.70 -2.3

fuli da finansebi


importirebuli saqonelisagan, energomatareblebisagan, manqana-danadgarebisagan,

qimiuri nawarmisagan da a.S. Sesdgeba. wfi-s analizi saSulebas iZleva iseTi

saqonlis Seswavlisa, romlis fasi damokidebulia saerTaSoriso fasebze, savaluto

kursze da mimoqcevaSi arsebul ucxour valutaze. cxrili 4,2 gviCvenebs wfi-s

stabilur zrdas 2002 wlis pirveli xuTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. SesaZlebelia

vivaraudoT, rom qveynis importze orientirebis pirobebSi, aSS dolaris mimoqcevaSi

zrdas SeuZlia pirdapiri gavlena iqonios fasebis doneze. vinaidan, aSS dolari

farTod gamoiyeneba angariSsworebaSi, misi nominaluri kursis dacemas evros

mimarT, aseve SeuZlia gamoiwvios fasebis zrda evropul saqonelze. wfi-s

stabiluri zrda savaraudod ganpirobebulia Semdegi faqtorebiT: aSS dolarSi da

evroSi denominirebuli depozitebis, romlebic M3-s nawils warmoadgenen da aseve

M3-s fulis multiplikatoris swrafi zrdiT, magram, ufro zusti daskvnebisTvis

saWiroa SedarebiT xangrZlivi periodis wfi-s monacemebis analizi.

cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.

ianvariianvariianvariianvari TebervaliTebervaliTebervaliTebervali martimartimartimarti apriliapriliapriliaprili maisimaisimaisimaisi ivnisiivnisiivnisiivnisi

mfi----s zrda (%)s zrda (%)s zrda (%)s zrda (%) 0,5 0,9 1,2 2,8 2,9 2,6

wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti

sabanko seqtori

nax. 4.nax. 4.nax. 4.nax. 4.3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari 3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari 3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari 3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari ---- 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

ian-98

apr

ivl

oqt

ian-99

apr

ivl

oqt

ian-00

apr

ivl

oqt

ian-01

apr

ivl

oqt

ian-02

apr

vadiani depozitebi erovnulvalutaSisesxebi erovnul valutaSi

sesxebi ucxour valutaSi

vadiani depositebi ucxourvalutaSi

wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi SeiniSneboda larSi denominirebuli depozitebis

saprocento ganakveTebis zrda. Tu 2001 wlis dekemberSi bankebi salare depozitebs

saSualod wliur 6,9 procents aricxavden, 2002 wlis ivnisSi es daricxva

10,6 procents Seadgenda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bankebma Secvales saprocento

politika da gamoiCines meti daintereseba larSi denominirebul depozitebTan

mimarTebaSi. wina wlebSi bankebi gacilebiT ufro did saprocento ganakveTs

fuli da finansebi


awesebdnen myar valutaSi ganTavsebul depozitebze, raTa gaeumjobesebinaT ucxour

valutaSi asaxuli likvidurobis mdgomareoba balansebis dolarizebis gziT.

2002 wlis pirveli naxevris tendencia gviCvenebs, rom bankebma gazardes saprocento

ganakveTebi mokle, saSualo da grZelvadian (erT welze meti) salare depozitebze.

es niSnavs, rom bankebma gaiTvaliswines savaluto riski da erovnul valutaSi

grZelvadiani aqtivebis formireba daiwyes. es dadebiTi tendenciaa, vinaidan wlebis

ganmavlobaSi bankebis dolarizebuli balansebi savaluto riskisagan Zalze

daucveli iyo, magram meore mxriv, laris emisiis mkacri kontroli, depozitebis

dolarizaciis Zlieri winapirobebi ganapirobeben M2 fulis multiplikatoris

dabal dones. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, sakmaod Znelia iTqvas, Seicvleba Tu ara

bankebis depozitebis savaluto struqtura larebSi denominirebul depozitebis

wilis mkveTri zrdisaken,

savaraudoa, rom bankebis saprocento politikis Secvla ganpirobebulia Sida

safinanso bazris instrumentebSi investiciebis zrdiT. sv-is auqcionebze

dafiqsirebulma xelsayrelma saprocento ganakveTebma sabanko da arasabanko

investorebis mxridan larze moTxovnis zrda gamoiwvia.

miuxedavad imisa, rom ucxour valutaSi gacemuli sesxebis saprocento

ganakveTebi bolo periodSi mkveTrad ar icvleboda, naxati 4.3-i gviCvenebs

1998 wlidan saprocento ganakveTebis Semcirebis mdgrad tendencias. igive tendencia

SeiniSneba erovnul valutaSi gacemul sesxebze. salare depozitebis saprocento

ganakveTis zrdis Sedegad Semcirda wminda saprocento marJa erovnul valutaSi

denominirebuli sesxebsa da depozitebs Soris; 2001 ivnisSi igi 12 procents

Seadgenda, xolo erTi wlis Semdeg 8,6 procentamde Semcirda. cxadia es dadebiTi

tendenciaa, Tumca wminda saprocento marJis es done evrokavSiris wevrobis rigi

kandidati qveynebisaTvis1 saSualo maCvenebels warmoadgenda jer kidev

1995-1999 wlebSi. wminda saprocento marJa dolarebSi denominirebuli depozitebisa

da sesxebs Soris gacilebiT didia. mimdinare wlis ivnisSi igi 11,4 procents

Seadgenda. maRali wminda saprocento marJa asaxavs rig problemebs, romlebic

safinanso bazarze arsebobs: ganuviTarebeli Sida safinanso bazari, SezRuduli

sainvesticio saSualebebi da bankebis Semosavlis miRebis wyaroebi. arsebul

pirobebSi sesxebis gacema bankebis Semosavlebis umniSvnelovanes wyarod rCeba.

komerciuli bankebi isev maRali riskis premias iTvaliswineben sesxebis gacemis

dros, rac miuTiTebs giraoTi uzrunvelyofis kvlav arsebul problemebze da mis

ganuviTarebel samarTlebriv aspeqtebze. SedarebiT maRali sarezervo moTxovnebis

done (14 procenti saerTo moziduli anabrebidan) miuTiTebs depozitebis dazRvevis

sistemis ararsebobaze. rogorc wina wlebSi, sarezervo moTxovnebi kvlav

depozitebis dacvis erTaderT arsebul meqanizmad rCeba da amcirebs bankebis

sabrunav saxsrebs; da bolos, sesxebze maRali saprocento ganakveTi miuTiTebs

bankebSi riskebis marTvis problemaze.

1 estoneTi, latvia, litva, rumineTi, slovakia.

fuli da finansebi


evro saqarTvelos Sida savaluto bazarze

nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri

nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi –––– 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.9

1.95

2

2.05

2.1

2.15

2.2

2.25

2.3

dek-00

ian-01

Teb ma

rapr

mai

ivn

ivl ag

vseq

oqt

noe

dek-01

ian-02

Teb ma

rapr

mai

ivn

lari/aSS dolari

lari/evro


2002 wlis meore kvartalSi laris saSualo Tviuri nominaluri kursi

dolaris mimarT TandaTan ecemoda, magram es gaufasureba SedarebiT umniSvnelo

iyo 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT. lari ufro mniSvnelovnad

gaufasurda evros mimarT, gansakuTrebiT maisSi da ivnisSi, rac gamowveuli iyo

evropuli valutis seriozuli gamyarebiT dolarTan mimarTebaSi.

2001 wlis ganmavlobaSi da 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi SeiniSneboda aSS-Si

uxcouri investiciebis mkveTri dacema da kapitalis gadineba evropaSi. am fonze

moxda aSS dolaris nominaluri kursis sagrZnoblad dacema evropis erTiani

fuladi erTeulis mimarT. es tendencia gamwvavda e,w, “sabuRaltro” skandalebis

Semdeg, romlebic aSS-s sxvadasxva msxvil kompaniebSi moxda; Tumca, miuxedavad am

negatiuri movlenebisa, savaraudoa, rom dolaris mkveTri gaufasureba ar moxdeba.

ufro realuria vivaraudoT, rom dolaris gaufasureba Semdeg wels 7 procents ar

aRemateba. es prognozi dafuZnebulia im faqtze, rom germaniis ekonomika, romelic

liderobs evrosivrceSi, imyofeba ufro stagnaciis, vidre zrdis stadiaSi. amis

Sedegad Sida moxmareba mkveTrad Semcirda da germaniis ekonomikis stabiluroba

eqsports efuZneba. evros swraf gamyarebas SeuZlia mniSvnelovnad Seamciros

evropuli eqsporti. am process savaraudoa evropidan aSS-Si investiciebis gadineba

mohyves. dolaris garkveulwilad gaufasureba, ueWvelia, aSS-s saqonlis

konkurentunarianobas aamaRlebs saerTaSoriso bazarze. sabolood verc evropa da

verc aSS mogebuli ver darCebian aSS dolaris swrafi gaufasurebis SemTxvevaSi.

fuli da finansebi



evro 1995 wlis dekemberSi madridSi evrosabWom daamtkica erTiani valutis saxeli “evroevroevroevro”.

1998 wlis 1 ivniss mainis frankfurtSi (germania) daarsda evropis cenraluri bankievropis cenraluri bankievropis cenraluri bankievropis cenraluri banki, romlis

mizania fasebis stabilurobis SenarCuneba da erTiani fulad-sakredito politikis gatareba

e.w. evrosivrceSievrosivrceSievrosivrceSievrosivrceSi Semaval qveynebSi. evrosivrce moicavs evrokavSiris yvela qveyanas daniis,

SvedeTisa da didi britaneTis garda. es sami qveyna specialur statuss flobs, romlis

Sesabamisad maT SeuZliaT TviTon ganaxorcielon fulad-sakredito politika. evrosivrcis

centraluri banki evro sivrceSi Semaval qveynebis centralur bankebTan erTad Seadgenen

evrosistemasevrosistemasevrosistemasevrosistemas.

1999 wlis 1 ianvars daiwyo evros SemoRebis meore etapi, rodesac evrosivrcis

erovnuli valutebis kursebi Seucvlelad dafiqsirda evros mimarT. am qveynebma daiwyes

erTiani fulad-sakredito politikis ganxorcieleba da evro gamocxadda am qveynebis

oficialur fulad erTeulad. 11 qveynis erovnuli valutebi gaxda evros e,w, “qvedanayofebi”.

2001 wlis 1 ianvridan evrosivrces SeuerTda saberZneTi da 2002 wlis 1 ianvridan evro ukve 12

qveyanaSi Sevida mimoqcevaSi; magram evros SemoReba niSnavs ufro mets, vidre erTi valutis

meore valutiT Canacvlebaa. es procesi globalur xasiaTs atarebs.

50 miliardis odenobiT gamoSvebul axali monetebis aversi yvela qveynisTvis saerToa,

xolo reversze TiToeuli qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli naxati aris gamosaxuli. evros

banknotebi yvela qveynisaTvis erTnairia.

wyaro: www.euro.ecb.int

sainteresoa ganvixiloT, rogori iqneba saqarTvelos Sida savaluto bazris

reagireba evropis erTiani valutis gamyarebaze, mianiWebs Tu ara saqarTvelos

mosaxleoba upiratesobas evropul valutas uaxloes momavalSi? amisaTvis saWiroa

ramdenime faqtoris gaTvaliswineba; pirveli - fsiqologiuri faqtoria. im qveynebis

mosaxleoba, sadac dagrovebis ZiriTad valutas aSS dolari warmoadgens, ar aris

mzad swrafad Seicvalos damokidebuleba am valutis mimarT. rogorc saqarTvelo,

aseve saqarTvelos yvela umsxvilesi savaWro partniori qveyana - TurqeTi, ruseTi da

azerbaijani - gamonakliss ar warmoadgenen. meore mizezi aris is, rom zemoT

dasaxelebul qveynebSi dolari saxelmwifo oficialuri rezervebisa da

mosaxleobisaTvis dagrovebis saSualebas warmoadgens. ruseTSi da azerbaijanSi e,w,

“navTobdolarebi” Semoedineba da am nedleulis eqsporti orive qveynisTvis

eqsportis ZiriTad muxls da biujetis Semosavlebis mTavar wyaros warmoadgens.

TurqeTSi momxdari finansuri krizisis Semdeg lira mibmulia dolarTan, rac am

qveyanaSi uaxloes momavalSi dolaris upiratesobaze miuTiTebs. garda amisa,

TurqeTSi dolaris imiji tradiciulad myari iyo. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,

Cans, rom saqarTvelosTan angariSsworebis dros es qveynebi upiratesobas dolars

mianiWeben, es ki Tavis mxriv niSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi aSS dolari Semodis

sagadamxdelo balansis mimdinare angariSis operaciebis Sedegad. rac Seexeba

kapitalis angariSs, savaluto nakadebi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis sesxebisa da

sakredito xazebis meSveobiT miiReba, romlebic ufro xSirad dolarebSia

denominirebuli. mesame mizezi aris is, rom saqarTvelos sagareo valis mxolod 10

procentia evroTi gadasaxdeli; es ki niSnavs, rom qveynis saerTaSoriso rezervebis

ZiriTadi Tanxa dolarebSi unda iyos denominirebuli. zemoT moyvanil faqtorebze

fuli da finansebi


dayrdnobiT savaraudoa, rom miuxedavad evros gamyarebis tendenciisa, saqarTveloSi

dolari ar dakargavs dominantis statuss uaxloes momavalSi,


evrosivrcis uaxloesi periodis fulad-sakredito, finansuri da ekonomikuri movlenebis mimoxilva

2002 wlis mdgomareobiT evrosivrceSi bolo ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi fulis

miwodebis mkveTri Semcireba ar dafiqsirebula. eqspertebis azriT, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi

Warbi likviduroba, romelic aRemateba stabilur da arainflaciur zrdis saWiroebas, ar

warmoiSveba. am viTarebaSi, Warbi likvidurobis inflaciur zewolisa da moTxovnis

Semcirebis winapirobebis Seqmnis naklebi riski arsebobs. amaze agreTve miuTiTebs kerZo

seqtorze gacemuli sesxebis zrdis tendencia. evropis centraluri bankis (ecb) mimdinare

saprocento ganakveTebi aseve misaRebia arsebuli koniuqturisTvis.

bolo periodis monacemebi gviCveneben evrosivrceSi mSp-s dabal zrdas mimdinare wlis

pirvel kvartalSi. pirveli kvartlis 0,4 procentiani zrdis maCveneblis koreqtirebis

Sedegad, meore kvartalSi mosalodnelia mSp-s 0,3 procentiani zrda. pirveli kvartlisagan

gansxvavebiT, moTxovnaze gavlenas iqoniebs ufro meti faqtori, vinaidan samewarmeo

saqmianobas xels uwyobda rogorc kerZo moxmareba, aseve eqsportisa da maragebis zrda;

Tumca xangrZlivi investiciebis simciris Sedegad saerTo Sida moTxovnis zrda isev

SezRuduli darCeba,

yvelaze realuri scenaris mixedviT mSp-s zrda isev umniSvnelovno iqneba 2002 wlis

meore naxevarSi da 2003 wels. es prognozebi Seesabameba msoflio ekonomikis gamococxlebis

sakmaod Senelebul temps. aqciebis fasebis dacemam uaryofiTad imoqmeda momxmarebelTa da

investorTa ndobaze. amis Sedegad, ekonomikuri saqmianobis zrdis prognozireba ufro rTuli

gaxda, rogorc evrosivrceSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT, Tumca, evrosivrceSi garkveuli

ekonomikuri zrdis winapirobebi kvlav arsebobs. Sida bazarze, dabali inflaciisa da

realuri Semosavlis zrdis pirobebSi, SesaZlebelia gaizardos kerZo moxmareba, xolo

dabali nominaluri da realuri sabazro saprocento ganakveTebi xels Seuwyobs investiciebis

zrdas.

2002 wlis ivlisSi saerTo samomxmareblo fasebis inflaciam 1,9 procenti Seadgina,

Tumca gadaumuSavebeli sakvebi produqtebis da energomatareblebis fasebis gamoklebiT

inflacia 2,5 procentamde Semcirda. evrostatis winaswari gaangariSebis Sesabamisad,

agvistoSi inflacia 2,1 procentamde gaizarda, rac Seesabameba mimdinare wlis prognozebs

inflaciis 2 procentis farglebSi meryeobis Taobaze; magram moklevadian perspeqtivaSi

fasebis saerTo done saerTaSoriso bazarze navTobis fasze iqneba damokidebuli.

bolo dros evros nominaluri kursis gamyarebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia

samomxmareblo fasebis donis daweva. 2003 wels savaraudoa momsaxurebis fasebis ufro

zomieri zrda; Tumca, imisaTvis rom 2003 wels fasebis inflacia 2 procentze naklebi iyos,

saWiroa navTobis fasebis da xelfasebis zomieri zrda.

centralur evropaSi momxdari wyaldidobis Sedegad aucilebeli gaxda prioritetebis

gadaxedva biujetis xarjviT nawilSi. saWiroa, rom evrokavSiris wevrma qveynebma imoqmedon

“stabilurobis da zrdis paqtis” farglebSi. myari fiskaluri mdgomareobis mqone qveynebma

unda SeinarCunon es tendencia, xolo danarCenma qveynebma ar unda dauSvan biujetis

deficitis mSp-sTan SefardebiT 3 procentze metiT dacema da unda gaataron politika,

romelic biujetis dabalnsebisa da proficitisaken iqneba mimarTuli.

fuli da finansebi


struqturuli reformebis WrilSi, evropis centraluri banki mouwodebs mTavrobebs

gaagrZelon im struqturuli reformebis gatareba, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba evropuli

valutis potencialis arainflaciuri zrdisaken da umuSevrobis Semcirebisaken. garda amisa,

moklevadian da saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi struqturuli reformebi gamiznuli iqneba

xarjebisa da investiciebis zrdaze. es grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi xels Seewyobs

momxmarebelTa da investorTa ndobis amaRlebas.

wyaro: ecb-s prezidentis v,f,disenbergis da ecb-s vice-prezidentis l, paradermosis mier 2002 w,

12 seqtembers gamarTul preskonferenciaze masalebze dayrdnobiT,

Tavi mexuTe. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri

urTierTobebi


saqarTvelos mTavroba kvlavac agrZelebs vmo-sTan aRebuli valdebulebebis

Sesabamisad liberaluri savaWro politikis ganxorcielebas. gaacnobiera ra

sagadamxdelo balansisTvis uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis SesaZlebloba, parlamentma ar

gaagrZela xis morebis eqsportze droebiTi akrZalva, romelsac vada gauvida

2001 wlis bolos. agreTve 2002 wlis ivlisSi gauqmebuli iqna droebiTi akrZalva

feradi liTonebis eqsportze.

wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris

vaWrobis monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos savaWro balansis gauaresebis

tendencia kvlavac grZeldeba. registrirebuli eqsportis raodenoba Semcirda.

2002 wlis pirveli naxevari xasiaTdeboda eqsportis mkveTri SemcirebiT ruseTsa da

TurqeTSi da eqsportis garkveuli zrdiT azerbaijansa da somxeTSi.

savaWro brunva, savaWro balansi da vaWrobis mimarTulebebi

qvemoT moyvanili cifrebi gviCvenebs, rom 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris

ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos savaWro balansis gauaresebis tendencia kvlavac

grZeldeba. registrirebulma sagareo vaWrobam Seadgina 497 milioni aSS dolari,

saidanc registrirebuli eqsporti Seadgenda 147,5 milions, xolo importi

349,5 milion aSS dolars. savaWro deficiti 202 milioni aSS dolari aris

6 milioniT meti, vidre es iyo 2001 wlis analogiur periodSi.

qveynis eqsporti Semcirda 14 milioni aSS dolariT, rac garkveulwilad

gamowveuli iyo saqarTvelos parlamentis 2001 wlis 21 dekembers gadawyvetilebiT,

romlis Sesabamisadac aikrZala feradi liTonebis jarTisa da narCenebis eqsporti

2003 wlis 31 dekembramde. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom parlamentma a.w. ivlisSi gaauqma

aRniSnuli droebiTi akrZalva. qveynis importis eqsportiT gadafarvis koeficienti

Semcirda da 2002 wlis pirvel naxevrisaTvis Seadgina 42 procenti, maSin rodesac

2001 welis analogiur periodisaTvis aRniSnuli koeficienti daaxloebiT

46 procents Seadgenda.

nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.––––2002 II kv. 2002 II kv. 2002 II kv. 2002 II kv.

(aTasi aSS dolari)

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

1997,I kv.

I I Ikv.

1998,Ikv.

I I Ikv.

1999,I kv.

I I Ikv.

2000,Ikv.

I I Ikv.

2001,I kv.

I I Ikv.

2002,I I kv.

savaWro balansi eqsporti importi


saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi


aTi ZiriTadi savaWro partnioris wilma registrirebul vaWrobaSi Seadgina

75,7 procenti. rogorc naCvenebia 5.1 cxrilSi, saangariSo periodSi saqarTvelos

ZiriTadi partniorebi iyvnen ruseTi, TurqeTi, azerbaijani da didi britaneTi. maTze

modis saqarTvelos mTeli registrirebuli savaWro brunvis daaxloebiT

50 procenti.

cxricxricxricxrili 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobisli 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobisli 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobisli 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobis

mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax. mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax. mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax. mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax.

saerTaSoriso vaWrobissaerTaSoriso vaWrobissaerTaSoriso vaWrobissaerTaSoriso vaWrobis importi (importi (importi (importi (CIF)))) eqxporti (eqxporti (eqxporti (eqxporti (FOB)))) savaWro brunvasavaWro brunvasavaWro brunvasavaWro brunva

tvirTbrunvatvirTbrunvatvirTbrunvatvirTbrunva UaSS UaSS UaSS UaSS

dolariDdolariDdolariDdolariD

procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti UaSS UaSS UaSS UaSS

dolariDdolariDdolariDdolariD

procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti aSS aSS aSS aSS

dolaridolaridolaridolari

procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti

sul 333349 52649 52649 52649 526 100100100100 147 504147 504147 504147 504 100100100100 497 030497 030497 030497 030 100100100100 ZiriTadi partniori

qveynebi (sul) 260 784 74,6 115 282 78,2 376 066 75,7 ruseTi 66 349 19 24 081 16,3 90 430 18,2 TurqeTi 44 997 12,9 25 355 17,2 70 352 14,2 azerbaijani 32 402 9,3 15 335 10,4 47 737 9,6 gaerTianebuli samefo 19 488 5,6 15 873 10,8 35 361 7,1 germania 27 730 7,9 2 474 1,7 30 204 6,1 ukraina 22 981 6,6 4 415 3 27 396 5,5 italia 17 517 5 3 598 2,4 21 115 4,2 TurqmeneTi 7 938 2,3 11 446 7,8 19 384 3,9 aSS 16 224 4,6 2 669 1,8 18 893 3,8 somxeTi 5 158 1,5 10 036 6,8 15 194 3,1 sxva 88 74288 74288 74288 742 25,425,425,425,4 32 22232 22232 22232 222 21,821,821,821,8 120 964120 964120 964120 964 24,324,324,324,3


saangariSo periodis ganmavlobaSi dsT-dan da evrokavSiridan Semotanili

saqoneli Seadgenda saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis 66 procents. TurqeTis

wilma 13 procenti Seadgina. SedarebiT umniSvnelo iyo aSS-s wili. nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,

2002 w. I nax. 2002 w. I nax. 2002 w. I nax. 2002 w. I nax.

TurqeTi

13%

sxva

16%aSS

5%

evrokavSiri

26%

dsT

40%

dsT (ruseTisCaTvliT)evrokavSiri

TurqeTi

aSS




2002 wlis pirveli naxevari gamoirCeoda qarTuli eqsportis sagrZnobi

SemcirebiT iseT mniSvnelovan bazrebze, rogoricaa ruseTis federacia da TurqeTi,

amasTan erTad, dafiqsirda eqsportis zrda azerbaijansa da somxeTSi. ruseTSi

eqsportis Semcireba nawilobriv SeiZleba aixsnas am qveyanaSi mcire eqsportiorebis

sawinaaRmdegod gamoyenebuli mzardi barierebiT da nawilobriv samxedro

TviTmfrinavebisa (sasaqonlo kodi 8802) da feroSenadnobebis (sasaqonlo kodi 7202)

eqsportis SemcirebiT. 2001 wlis pirveli naxevris mdgomareobiT samxedro

TviTmfrinavebis eqsportma Seadgina 7 milioni aSS dolari, xolo feroSenadnobebis

eqsportma 3,4 milioni aSS dolari. rac Seexeba eqsportis Semcirebas TurqeTSi,

aRniSnuli ganpirobebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis (2001 w. pirveli naxevrisTvis

eqsportirebuli iyo 4 milioni aSS dolaris eleqtroenergia), feroSenadnobebis

(2001 w. pirveli naxevrisTvis eqsportirebuli iyo 3,6 milioni aSS dolaris

feroSenadnobebi) da aluminis eqsportis SewyvetiT (2001 w. pirveli naxevrisTvis

eqsportirebuli iyo 3,5 milioni aSS dolaris aluminis jarTi). saangariSo periodSi

azerbaijanSi eqportis zrda gamowveuli iyo samxedro TviTmfrinavebisa da maTi

nawilebis eqsportiT, romelmac Seadgina 9,7 milioni aSS dolari. rac Seexeba

mezobel somxeTs, am qveyanaSi eqportis zrda ganapiroba ruseTis samxedro bazebis

mier am qveyanaSi gatanilma samxedro Wurvebma.

nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.

sxva

15%

aSS

2%

TurqeTi

17% evrokavSiri

20%

dsT

46% dsT (ruseTis CaTvliT)

evrokavSiri

TurqeTi

aSS

sxva



evrogaerTianebis vaWroba 2001 wels

2001 wels saqonlis eqsportis moculoba, 2000 wlis 23 procentTan SedarebiT,

4 procentiT gaizada, xolo importis moculoba 1 procentiT Semcirda. 2001 wels, saqonlis

eqsportma 1 051 miliardi evro Seadgina, xolo importma – 1 020 miliardi evro, ramac

evrogaerTianebis savaWro deficiti 2000 wlis 91 milardi evrodan 2001 wels 46 miliard

evromde Seamcira. evrogaerTianebis 15 qveynis vaWroba mTavar savaWro partiniorebTan Sereuli

xasiaTis iyo. aRiniSneboda importis vardna iaponiidan (-13 procenti), amerikidan (-3 procenti)

da norvegiidan (-33 procenti). saSualod, evrogaerTianebis importis moculobis wliuri zrda,

1996-2001 wlebis periodSi, 12 procents Seadgenda, maSin roca evrogaerTianebis eqsportis

moculobis wliurma zrdam amave periodSi, sul 9 procenti Seadgina. 2001 wels

evrogaerTianebis yvelaze didi savaWro deficiti dafiqsirda CineTTan (-45,7 milardi evro),

xolo yvelaze maRali dadebiTi savaWro balansi iyo amerikasTan: 2001 wels igi gaizarda

+43,6 miliard evromde, 2000 wels dafiqsirebuli +33,5 milardi evrodan. evrogaerTianebis

15 qveynis vaWroba iaponiasTan evrogaerTianebis savaWro deficitSi klebas asaxavda (2001 wels

–30,8 miliardi evro, 2000 wels –42,1 miliard evrosTan SedarebiT). evrogaerTianebis yvelaze

msxvili mimwodeblebi arian aSS, CineTi, iaponia, Sveicaria da ruseTi. evrogaerTianebisTvis

yvelaze didi saeqsporto bazrebia aSS, Sveicaria, iaponia, poloneTi da CineTi.



2001 wels yvelaze mniSvnelovani mateba aRiniSneboda saqonlis imprtSi CexeTis

respublikidan (+16 procenti), TurqeTidan (+15 procenti) da poloneTidan (+14 procenti).

evrogaerTianebis importis or meoTxeds Seadgens nedleuli, manqana-danadgarebi da sxva

samrewvelo saqoneli, met-naklebad Tanabari wilebiT. yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo eqsporti

ruseTSi (+39 procenti), CineTsa (+17 procenti) da CexeTis respublikaSi (+14 procenti).

evrogaerTianebis eqsports Seadgens samrewvelo produqcia, ZiriTadad manqana-danadgarebi

(30 procenti), transportirebis masalebi (17 procenti) da qimiuri produqcia (14 procenti).

energetikis balansis deficitma stabilurobas miaRwia (-117,9 miliardi evro - 2001 w., -

118,1 milard evros - 2000 w.), maSin roca dadebiTi savaWro balansi manqana-danadgarebisa da

satransporto saSualebebisaTvis gaizarda (+79,0 miliardi evro - 2001 w., +45,4 miliardi evro

– 2000 w.).

2001 wels, evrogaerTianebam moaxdina vaWrobis liberalizacia naklebad ganviTarebul

qveynebTan “yvelaferi iaraRis garda” iniciativis Tanaxmad. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi mxolod

wlis bolosTvis ganxorcielda, 2001 wels am qveynebidan importis moculoba sagrZnoblad

gaizarda, ris Sedegadac evrogaerTianebis savaWro deficiti am qveynebTan Semcirda –

1,2 miliard evromde. axlo momavalSi mosalodnelia eqsportis Semdgomi mateba, vinaidan

naklebad ganviTarebuli qveynebi preferenciuli uflebiT sargebloben.

evrogaerTianeba msoflios umsxvilesi momsaxurebis importioria, romelsac

momsaxurebis msoflio importis saerTo moculobaSi 24 procenti ekuTvnis. momsaxurebis

balansSi evrogaerTianebas mxolod mcire dadebiTi savaWro balansi aqvs (+5,2 miliardi evro

- 2000 w.). evrogaerTianebis momsaxurebis importi umeteswilad aSS-dan modis (saerTo

moculobis 40 procentze meti). aseve momsaxurebis importireba xdeba metwilad aziidan

(17,2 procenti), xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebidan (8,5 procenti) da evrogaerTianebaSi gawevrianebis

kandidati qveynebidan (5,7 procenti). evrogaerTianebis momsaxurebiT vaWrobaSi Sedis

mogazauroba da transportireba, romelic met-naklebad Tanabari wilebiT aris warmodgenili.

sxva biznes momsaxureba Sedagens daaxloebiT kidev erT meoTxeds. importis yvelaze swrafi

zrda bolo periodSi dafiqsirda kompiuterul da sainformacio momsaxurebaSi, romlis

wliurma zrdam 1994-2000 ww periodSi 24 procenti Seadgina.

wyaro: vmo, TPRB

registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura

10 sasaqonlo jgufi Seadgenda qarTuli eqportis daaxloebiT 68 procents.

2002 welis pirveli naxevris mdgomareobiT aRiniSna samxedro TviTmfrinavebisa da

misi nawilebis eqsportis garkveuli zrda. aRniSnuli saqonlis eqsportma daikava

pirveli adgili 26,2 aSS milioni dolariT (mTeli eqsportis 17,8 procenti).

tradiciul partnior qveyanasTan - TurqmeneTTan (mTeli eqsportis 49 procenti)

erTad samxedro TviTmfrinavebi da nawilebi eqsportirebul iqna mezobel

azerbaijanSi (37 procenti), gambiasa (10 procenti) da safrangeTSi (4 procenti).

feroSenadnobebis (kodi 7204) eqsporti Seadgenda mTeli eqsportis 12,6 procents.

aRniSnuli saqonelis gasaRebis bazari ZiriTadad TurqeTi (91 procenti) iyo.

naxevraddamuSavebuli oqros (sasaqonlo kodi 7108) eqsportma daimkvidra erT-

erTi mniSvnelovani adgili saeqsporto saqonelTa Soris. oqros eqsportma miaRwia

13,6 milion aSS dolars, rac registrirebuli eqsportis 9,3 procents Seadgens.

aRniSnuli produqciis eqsportis daniSnulebis adgili iyi inglisi.



tendencia, romelic SeiniSneboda wina wlebSi, kvlavac grZeldeboda

saangariSo periodSi, ruseTis federacia tradiciulad kvlavac rCeba qarTuli

Rvinis ZiriTad momxmarebelad, rac riskis qveS ayenebs aRniSnuli seqtoris

arsebobas.. 2002 wlis I naxevarSi ganmavlobaSi Rvinis (sasaqonlo kodi 2204)

eqsportis daniSnulebis adgils warmoadgenda ruseTi (785 procenti), ukraina

(9 procenti), aSS (6 procenti) da yazaxeTi (2,7 procenti).

naturaluri da mineraluri wylebi (kodebi 2201 da 2203), Seadgendnen

eqsportis 5,7 procents. eqsportis daniSnulebis qveynebi iyo ruseTi (80 procenti),

ukraina (8 procenti) da aSS (5 procenti). qimiuri sasuqebis eqsportma ((sasaqonlo

kodi 3102) Seadgina 5 procenti registrirebuli eqsportisa. am sasaqonlo jgufis

eqsportis daniSnulebis adgili iyo gibraltari (26 procenti), TurqeTi

(22 procenti), somxeTi (15 procenti), azerbaijani (14 procenti) saberZneTi

(9 procenti) da germania (9 procenti).

nax. 5.4: saqarTvelos rnax. 5.4: saqarTvelos rnax. 5.4: saqarTvelos rnax. 5.4: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. egistrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. egistrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. egistrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.

(milioni aSS dolari)

- 5 10 15 20 25 30

sxva

araZvirfasi liTonebi

TviTmprinavebi da maTi nawilebi

alkoholuri sasmelebi, Tambaqo da sxva.

mineraluri produqtebi

Zvirfasi liTonebi

qimiuri produqtebi

mcenareuli warmoSobis produqtebi




cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli

sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis (HS96) m) m) m) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.

aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS



eqsporti - sul 147 504147 504147 504147 504 100100100100

safreni aparatebi da maTi nawilebi -8802, 8803 26 230 17,8

Savi liTonis jarTi-7204 18 573 12,6

oqro -7108 13 648 9,3

yurZnis Rvino naturaluri -2204 11 615 7,9

wyali, maT Soris naturaluri an mineraluri – 2201, 2202 8 430 5,7

azotis sasuqebi –3102 7 385 5

spilenZis madani da koncentratebis- 2603 6 163 4,2

navTobi da navTobproduqtebi – 2709, 2710 4 618 3,1

feroSenadnobebi -7202, 4 441 3

aluminis narCenebi da jarTi-7602; daumuSavebeli alumini

– 7601

4 247 2,9

sxva 46 401 31,5


sxva ZiriTadi saeqsporto sasaqonlo jgufebia: spilenZis madani da

koncentratebi (kodi 2603), Savi liTonebis jarTi da feroSenadnobebi (sasaqonlo

kodebi: 7202, 7204), aluminis narCenebi da jarTi (sasaqonlo kodi 7602), daumuSavebeli

alumini (sasaqonlo kodi 7601). bolo ori saqonlis eqsporti erTad Seadgenda

registrirebuli eqsportis 3,3 procents. aRniSnuli produqcia ZiriTadad

gadatvirTul iqna TurqeTSi, iaponiaSi, iransa da indoeTSi.

zemoT moyvanili cxrili 5.3 gviCvenebs registrirebuli eqsportis ZiriTad

saxeobebs harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sisitemis mixedviT.

registrirebuli importis struqtura

cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. I nax. I nax. I nax. I nax.


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

sxva

mineraluri produqtebi

danadgarebi da meq. mowyobilobebi

satransp. saSualebebi, TviTmfrinavebi da sxva

qimiuri produqtebi

kvebis mza produqtebi, alk. sasmelebi da sxva

mcenareuli warmoSobis produqti

araZvirfasi liTonebi da maTi nawarmi




miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos importis mniSvnelovani nawili aRricxvis

miRma rCeba, registrirebuli importis monacemTa analizi gviCvenebs, rom

saqarTvelos damokidebuleba importul energomatareblebze kvlavac mniSvnelovani

iyo 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. importSi dominirebda mineraluri produqtebi.

navTobis airebi, navTobi da navTobproduqtebi da eleqtroenergia erTad Seadgenda

23 procents mTliani importisa. samkurnalo saSualebebis (sasaqonlo kodi 3004)

importma Seadgina 6,6 procenti. sakvebi produqtebis (xorbali, fqvili da a.S.) wili

ki TandaTanobiT klebulobs.

cxrili 5.4 gviCvenebs umsxviles saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebs, romelTa

saerTo wili registrirebul importSi aris 44 procenti. bunebrivi gazisa da

navTobisa da navTobproduqtebis wili 2001 wlis mTlian importSi daaxloebiT

20 procenti iyo. sxva mTavari saimporto saxeobebia: Saqari (3,7 procenti), Tambaqos

nawarmi (3,5 procenti), TviTmfrinavebi (daaxloebiT 2 procenti), da sxva.

cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli

sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis (HS96) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.

aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS



importi - sul 349 526349 526349 526349 526 100100100100

navTobi da navTobproduqtebi – 2710 37 588 10,8

navTobis airebi –2711 30 173 8,6

samkurnalo saSualebebi –3004 23 148 6,6

lerwmis an Warxlis Saqari - 1701 12 890 3,7

sigarebi da sigaretebi, Tambaqo – 2402, 2401, 2003 12 383 3,5

eleqtroenergia – 2716 11 437 3,3

fqvili da sxv.– 1101 8 560 2,4

safreni saSualebebi - 8803 7 928 2,3

radio da satekevizio aparatura - 8525 5 504 1,6

Satelefono eleqtruli aparatebi - 8517 5 051 1,4

sxva 194 864 55,8


momsaxurebis eqsporti da importi

araregistrirebuli momsaxurebiT vaWrobis wili gacilebiT didia, vidre

araregistrirebuli saqonliT vaWrobis SemTxvevaSi. saqarTvelos sagadamxdelo

balansis1 mixedviT (ix. cxrili 5.5) a.w. pirvel naxevarSi registrirebuli

momsaxurebis eqsportis 55 procenti modioda satransporto momsaxurebaze. turizmi

Seadgenda momsaxurebiT eqsportis 37 procents. sxva saxis momsaxureba (romelic

moicavs kavSirgabmulobas, dazRvevas da a.S.) Seadgens mxolod 9 procents.

garkveuli zrdaa sarkinigzo transportiT momsaxurebis eqsportis maCvenebelSi.

1 sem-is gamocemisas mxolod 2001 w. pirveli sami kvartlis sagadamxdelo balansi iyo xelmisawvdomi.



cxrili 5.5: momscxrili 5.5: momscxrili 5.5: momscxrili 5.5: momsaxurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,axurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,axurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,axurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,

(aTasi aSS dolari)

2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.

EeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti EeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti

sul momsaxurebasul momsaxurebasul momsaxurebasul momsaxureba 164 641164 641164 641164 641 122 539122 539122 539122 539 157 701157 701157 701157 701 114 903114 903114 903114 903

satransporto momsaxurebasatransporto momsaxurebasatransporto momsaxurebasatransporto momsaxureba 88 64188 64188 64188 641 50 24350 24350 24350 243 84 81184 81184 81184 811 47 29347 29347 29347 293

- sazRvao transporti 19 572 12 280 13 999 16 492

-sahaero transporti 9 135 19 484 12 559 15 218

-sarkinigzo transporti 37 633 8 040 33 858 6 163

-saavtomobilo transporti 6 590 10 439 9 550 9 420

- milsadenebi 15 731 0 14 845 0

turizmiturizmiturizmiturizmi 61 16061 16061 16061 160 51 52251 52251 52251 522 59 02059 02059 02059 020 51 03251 03251 03251 032

sxvasxvasxvasxva 14 60314 60314 60314 603 20 77520 77520 77520 775 13 87013 87013 87013 870 16 57816 57816 57816 578


regionaluri integracia suami-s (saqarTvelo-ukraina—azerbaijani-uzbekeTi-moldova) wevr qveynebs Soris a.w. 19-20 ivliss ukrainis qalaq ialtaSi Catarda suami-s wevri qveynebis

Sexvedra. Sexvedras eswrebodnen ruseTis, bulgareTis, iranis, aSS-s, sloveniis,

poloneTis, TurqeTis agreTve gaeros, evrokavSirisa da sxva organizaciis wevrebi

stumris statusiT. aRniSnuli samitis farglebSi suami-s wevr qveynebma (uzbekeTis

garda) xeli moaweres deklaracias Tavisufali savaWro zonis (Tsz) Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

jer kidev 2002 wlis seqtemberSi niu-iorkSi suami-s wevr qveynebis prezidentebma

gadawyvites gaerTianebis institucionalizacia da Tsz-is Seqmna.

regionaluri ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi baza (vmo/GATT)

regionaluri ekonomikuri integracia niSnavs im qveynebs Soris savaWro

nakadebis gafarToebisaTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmnas, romlebic koncentrirebulebi

arian erT geografiul regionSi. regionaluri ekonomikuri integraciis

ganviTarebuli forma SeiZleba moicavdes monawile mxareebs Soris savaluto da

fuladi politikis harmonizaciasa da unifikacias.

regionaluri ekonomikuri integracia unda ganxorcieldes an rogorc

oficialuri ekonomikuri bloki qveynebs Soris, an rogorc araformaluri

gaerTianeba. pirveli niSnavs, rom ramdenime qveyanam Caamoayaliba es bloki wesdebisa

da SeTanxmebebis safuZvelze (EU, NAFTA, MERCOSUR da sxva), xolo meore

gulisxmobs, rom dainteresebuli mxareebi SeTanxmdnen xeli SeewyoT

integraciisaTvis regionSi oficialuri SeTanxmebis gareSe (aRmosavleT-aziis

integracia).

regionaluri integraciis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba moicavs ekonomikuri

TanamSromlobis intensifikaciis ramdenime stadias, rac asaxavs integraciis dones

qveynebs Soris.



yvelaze dabali safexuri aris preferenciuli savaWro SeTanxmeba ramdenime

qveynas Soris, rac gulisxmobs imas rom mxareebi amcireben tarifebis ganakveTebs

mxolod urTierTvaWrobisas.

SeTanxmeba Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb niSnavs, rom savaWro SezRudvebi wevr

qveyanebs Soris moxsnilia, magram TiToeuli qveyana inarCunebs sakuTar satarifo

struqturas danarCeni msoflios mimarT.

sabaJo kavSiri ki aris Tavisufali vaWrobis sivrce, erTiani sagareo savaWro

politikiT. erTiani bazari aris sabaJo kavSiri, romelic aseve moicavs warmoebis

faqtorebis Tavisufal moZraobas (Sroma da kapitali). ekonomikuri kavSiri aris

erTiani bazari, romelic moicavs wevri qveynebis erovnuli ekonomikuri politikis

harmonizaciis garkveul dones. am SemTxvevaSi wevri qveynebis erovnuli valutebi

fiqsirebulia erTmaneTis mimarT.

monetaruli kavSiri aris erTiani bazari an ekonomikuri kavSiri, roca

SemoRebulia erTiani valuta. praqtikaSi regionaluri ekonomikuri integracia

xsenebuli formebis Sexamebaa, romlis arCeva xdeba politikuri faqtorebis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

vmo/GATT-is erT-erTi ZiriTad principi, romelic uzrulnvelyofs vaWrobaSi

diskriminaciis ardaSvebas, warmoadgens cnobili upiratesi xelSewyobis principi

(MFN). aRniSnuli principi gulisxmobs Semdegs: Tuki wevri qveyana satarifo Tu sxva

raime daTmobas ukeTebs meore qveyanas ama Tu im produqtze, maSin aRniSnuli reJimi

dauyovnebliv da upirobod imoqmedebs sxva qveynebis analogiuri produqtis mimarT.

es piroba moqmedebs ara marto importis dros, aramed eqsportis pirobebSic.

amrigad, upiratesi xelSewyobis principi iZleva garantias, rom ar iqneba wevr

qveynebs Soris diskriminacia sagareo vaWrobisas.

vmo/GATT-i amasTan aRiarebs, rom tarifebi da vaWrobaze sxva barierebi SeiZleba

Semcirdes qveynebis mier regionaluri SeTanxmebebis WrilSi SeRavaTian safuZvelze.

amrigad, regionuli SeRavaTiani SeTanxmebebi amkvidrebs upiratesi xelSewyobis

principis mniSvnelovan gamonakliss. imisaTvis, rom daculi iqnas regionaluri

SeTanxmebebis arawevri qveynebis savaWro interesebi, GATT-i akanonebs mkacr pirobebs aseTi SeTanxmebebis SeqmnisaTvis. es pirobebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

• regionaluri SeTanxmebebis wevrma qveynebma unda moxsnan tarifebi da vaWrobaze

sxva barierebi mxolod da mxolod erTmaneTis mimarT;

• aRniSnulma SeTanxmebebma ar unda warmoSvas vaWrobaze axali barierebi mesame

qveynebis mimarT.

vmo-s samarTlebriv CarCoSi regionalurma SeTanxmebebma SeiZleba miiRos forma

sabaJo kavSirisa da Tavisufali savaWro sivrcisa (muxli XXIV, GATT). orive

SemTxvevaSi vaWroba wevr qveynebs Soris xdeba gadasaxadebisgan Tavisufal

safuZvelze, im dros, roca vaWroba mesame qveynebTan eqvemdebareba upiratesi

xelSewyobis princips. sabaJo kavSiris SemTxvevaSi wevri qveynebis tarifebi

harmonizebulia da gamoiyeneba sabaJo kavSirSi importirebis dros erTnair

safuZvelze. Tavisufali savaWro arealis moqmedebisas, wevri qveynebi ganagrZoben



tarifebis gamoyenebas harmonizaciis gareSe, TavianTi individualuri satarifo

cxrilebis mixedviT. amgvari regionaluri SeTanxmebebis Sedegad dResdReobiT

proporciulad maRali xvedriTi wili msoflio vaWrobisa modis SeRavaTian

(regionaluri SeTanxmebebis) safuZvelze.

Tavisufali savaWro sivrce (Tss) aris sabaJo kavSiris potenciuri

winamorbedi. Tss-is partniorebi axorcieleben damoukidebel savaWro politikas, maT

Soris TavdacviTi RonisZiebebis, anti-dempinguri da sakompensaciiio zomebis

CaTvliT. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom sabaJo kavSiris SemTxvevaSi unda

dakmayofilebuli iqnas GATT-is XXIV muxli, romelic moiTxovs, rom sabaJo

kavSirebma acnobon vmo-s garkveuli kriteriumebis dakmayofilebis Taobaze. sabaJo

kavSiri, da ara misi romelime wevri, unda gawevriandes vmo-Si, radganac wevroba

eniWeba kavSirs da ara cal-calke mis wevr qveynebs.


evroavSiris Tavisufali vaWrobis zonebi

evrogaerTianeba evropis SeTanxmebiT centraluri da aRmosavleTi evropis aTive

qveyanasTan 1999 wlidan aris dakavSirebuli. rogorc Sedegi, SeTanxmebis xelmomwer qveynebsa

da evrogaerTianebas Soris, samrewvelo produqcia Tavisufal brunvaSi imyofeba ukve

2001 wlidan. SezRudvebi ZalaSi rCeba mxolod ramodenime seqtorSi, magaliTad soflis

meurneobaSi. evropis SeTanxmebebi aseve Seicavs debulebebs vaWrobasa da investiciebTan

mimarTebaSi momsaxurebis, gadasaxadebisa da kapitalis Tavisufali moZraobis, samuSao Zalis

Tavisufali brunvisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb garemos dacvis, transportisa da sabaJo

sferoebSi. Semdgom, isini iTvaliswineben kanonmdeblobaTa daaxloebas evrogaerTianebis

kanonmdeblobasTan, gansakuTrebiT Sida bazarTan dakavSirebul sferoebSi, iseTSi rogoricaa

konkurencia da inteleqtualuri, samrewvelo da komerciuli sakuTrebis dacva. amave sferoebs

moicavs TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebi kviprossa da maltasTan. evrogaerTianebas

dafuZnebuli aqvs sabaJo kavSiri TurqeTTan, romelic samrewvelo produqcias moicavs.

foladisa da naxSiris produqcia Tavisufal brunvaSia, xolo sasoflo-sameurneo

produqciiT vaWrobis sferoSi orive mxaris mier koncesiebis gacvla moxda. Semdgomi

molaparakebebi, momsaxurebiT vaWrobisa da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis sferoSi liberalizaciis

miRwevis mizniT, 2000 wels daiwyo.

evrogaerTianebis ormxrivi savaWro urTierTobebi SveicariasTan dafuZnebulia

arsebul SeTanxmebebze: 1972 wlis SeTanxmeba Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb. 1994 wlidan

evrogaerTianeba da Sveicaria awarmoeben molaparakebebs, romlebic moicavs mraval

specifikur seqtors. Svidi axali SeTanxmeba fizikuri pirebis, sahaero da miwiszeda

transportis Tavisufali moZraobis, samecniero da teqnologiuri TanamSromlobis, soflis

meurneobis, Sesabamisobis Sefasebisa da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis seqtorebSi ZalaSi Seva 2002

wlis zafxuls. 2001 wlis ivnisidan mimdinareobs molaparakebebi statistikis, garemos dacvis,

gadamuSavebul sasoflo-sameorneo produqciiT vaWrobis, falsifikaciis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi

TanamSromlobis damatebiT sferoebSi, xolo molaparakebebi danazogebis dabegvris Taobaze

axlo momavalSi unda daiwyos. 2002 wlis aprilSi evrokomisiam gadawyvita SveicariasTan

molaparakebebis dawyebis SeTavazeba oTx axal sferoSi, maT Soris Tavisufali vaWrobis

Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebiT momsaxurebaze.



evrogaerTianebam gaaforma ormxrivi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebi xmelTaSua

zRvis 8 qveyanasTan. aRniSnuli SeTanxmebebi Seicaven politikur, savaWro da TanamSromlobis

nawilebs. SeTanxmebebi tunisTan, marokosa da iordaniasTan ZalaSi Sevida Seabamisad

1998 wlis martSi, 2000 wlis martsa da 2002 wlis maisSi. palestinis xelisuflebasTan

SeTanxmebebis savaWro debulebebi (romelTac xeli moewera 1997 wlis TebervalSi) gamoiyeneba

droebiT safuZvelze. rac Seexeba israels, axali evro-med TanamSromlobis SeTanxmeba ZalaSi

Sevida 2000 wlis 1 ivniss. xeli moewera SeTanxmebebs egviptesa da alJirTan, romlebic

ratifikacias elian. ZalaSi Sedis SeTanxmeba libanTan, mxareebi apireben komerciuli nawilis

ganxorcielebas droebiTi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. mimdinareobs molaparakebebi siriasTan.

calkeuli SeTanxmebebi iTvaliswinebs yovel qveyanasa da evrogaerTianebas Soris

saqonlisTvis Tavisufali vaWrobis zonis Seqmnas da sasoflo-sameurneo bazrebis

TandaTanobiT gaxsnas. garda amisa, es SeTanxmebebi Seicaven debulebebs, romlebic

iTvaliswineben liberalizacias momsaxurebis, kapitalis moZraobisa da konkurenciis sferoSi.

aseve mTeli seriozulobiT ganaxlda molaparakebebi evrogaerTianebasa da sparseTis yuris

qveynebis TanamSromlobis sabWos (GCC) Soris, mas Semdeg rac sparseTis yuris qveynebis

TanamSromlobis sabWom daadgina rom araugvianes 2005 wlisa SemoRebuli unda iyos erTiani

sabaJo tarifebi da Sesworeba evrogaerTianebis molaparakebaTa Tavdapirvel mandatSi,

romelic ZalaSia 1991 wlidan.

evrogaerTianebisa da meqsikis Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida

2000 wlis 1 ivliss. Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba moicavs saqonliT vaWrobas,

romelic metwilad srulad unda ganxorcieldes 2003 wlisTvis; ufro xangrZlivi

gardamavali periodebi daSvebulia mxolod meqsikis samrewvelo saqonlisTvis - 2007 wlamde

da sasoflo-sameurneo produqciisTvis - 2010 wlamde. Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb

SeTanxmebebi moicavs momsaxurebas, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebs, konurenciasa da inteleqtualuri

sakuTrebis uflebebs.

molaparakebebi evrogaerTianebas da Ciles Soris asocirebul SeTanxmebaze, romlebic

daiwyo 2000 wlis aprilSi molaparakebebis pirvel raundze, dasrulda 2002 wlis 26 aprils.

saqonliT, momsaxurebiT da saxelmwifo SesyidvebiT Tavisufali vaWrobis zonebis garda,

momavali SeTanxmeba unda Seicavdes debulebebs investiciebis, sabaJosa da vaWrobis

xelSewyobasTan, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebebTan, konkurenciasa da davebis

mogvarebis meqanizmTan dakavSirebiT. momavali SeTanxmeba amJamad Sida damtkicebis procesSi

imyofeba.

samxreT amerikis qveynebis erTian bazarTan regionTaSorisi TanamSromlobis

SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb molaparakebebi daiwyo 2000 wlis aprils. im droisaTvis, SeTanxmebis

sxvadasxxva sakiTxebze teqstTan dakavSirebuli winadadebebis gacvla metwilad ukve

ganxorcielda. garda amisa, mxareebma moaxdines satarifo SeTavazebebis gacvla. amJamad,

mzaddeba molaparakebaTa mesame etapi.

1999 wels samxreT afrikasTan savaWro, ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebis

gaformebis Semdeg, 2002 wlis 28 ianvars xeli moewera SeTanxmebebs RviniTa da alkoholuri

sasmelebiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb. mas Semdeg isini pirobiTad gamoiyeneba. molaparakebebi

TevzWeris uflebebis sakiTxze jer-jerobiT ar aris dasrulebuli.

wyaro: mvo

Tavi meeqvse. privatizacia


2002 wlis meore kvartalSi privatizaciis procesSi mniSvnelovan progress

adgili ar hqonia. Tumca, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom (sqms) gamoacxada

tenderebi zogierTi saSualo da msxvili sawarmos privatizaciaze. saaqcio

sazogadoeba “elmavalmSenebelisa” da eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis

saprivatizacio tenderebi warmatebiT dasrulda 2002 wlis mesame kvartalSi.

zogierTi msxvili sawarmo wlis meore naxevarSi gatanili iqneba auqcionze

nulovani sarezervo fasiT, xolo zogierTi sawarmoSi dawyebulia gakotrebis saqmis

warmoeba. mas Semdeg rac “saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” privatizebis mizniT

gamocxadebuli saerTaSoriso tenderi uSedegod damTavrda, ganixileba sawarmos

likvidaciis sakiTxi. mimdinareobs saaqcio sazogadoeba “Tbilwyalkanalis”

marTvaSi gadacemis tenderi da monawile kompaniebma teqnikuri da finansuri

winadadebebi noemberSi unda warmoadginon.

saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizacia

2002 wlis meore kvartalSi saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis saprivatizaciod

damtkicebasa da maTi saaqcio sazogadoebebad Camoyalibebis procesSi cvlilebebi

TiTqmis ar yofila. cxrili 6.1 gviCvenebs rom 2002 wlis pirveli ivlisis

mdgomareobiT, saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis

mTliani ricxvi ucvleli darCa - 1 426. saaqcio sazogadoebad Camoyalibebuli

saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis mTlianma ricxvma 1 362-s miaRwia. 2002 wlis pirvel

naxevarSi mxolod 3 saaqcio sazogadoeba Camoyalibda. rogorc saprivatizaciod

damtkicebul, aseve saaqcio sazogadoebebad Camoyalibebul sawarmoTa yvelaze didi

ricxvi soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis seqtorSia.

cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT

( ( ( (sqms-s klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT1111

s e qt o r is e qt o r is e qt o r is e qt o r i d a mt k i c e b ul id a mt k i c e b ul id a mt k i c e b ul id a mt k i c e b ul i d a ar s eb ul id a ar s eb ul id a ar s eb ul id a ar s eb ul id aar s e b ul i d aar s e b ul i d aar s e b ul i d aar s e b ul i

2 0 02 w el s20 02 w el s20 02 w el s20 02 w el s

mr e wv el o b amr e wv el o b amr e wv el o b amr e wv el o b a 230 305 2

pu r pr o d u qt eb ipu r pr o d u qt eb ipu r pr o d u qt eb ipu r pr o d u qt eb i 61 45 0

so fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT iso fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT iso fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT iso fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT i 391 305 0

ar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b aar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b aar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b aar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b a 228 164 0

s ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b as ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b as ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b as ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b a 86 62 0

s a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb as a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb as a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb as a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb a 22 22 0

n a vT o b pr o d u qt eb in a vT o b pr o d u qt eb in a vT o b pr o d u qt eb in a vT o b pr o d u qt eb i 49 36 0

s a q g az is a q g az is a q g az is a q g az i 60 47 0

t r a n s po r t it r an s po r t it r an s po r t it r an s po r t i 120 131 0

s o c i al ur i sf er oso c i al ur i sf er oso c i al ur i sf er oso c i al ur i sf er o 57 57 1

j an d ac v aj an d ac v aj an d ac v aj an d ac v a 56 58 0

e n er g et i kae n er g et i kae n er g et i kae n er g et i ka 66 130 0

s ulsulsulsul 1,426 1,362 3

wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro

1 sqms-m am cxrilSi garkveuli cvlilebebi Seitana. seqtori “samTo qimia” Setanil iqna seqtorSi “mrewveloba”. zogierTi sawarmos profilis gadaxedvis Sedegad isini sxva seqtorSi iqnen gadatanili. aseve SemoRebul iqna seqtori “sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba”.

privatizacia


saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi darCenili saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis

privatizacia siZneleebs awydeba. bevrma tenderma ver moizida ganacxadebi da

sawarmoebi ver gaiyida. im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac sawarmos aqciaTa sakontrolo

paketis fasi Semcirebul iqna, myidveli ver moiZebna. rogorc Cans, am tenderebis

pirobebi metismetad momTxovni iyo da dabali fasis miuxedavad, seriozulma

investorebma Tavi Seikaves mZime valdebulebebis aRebisagan. aseTi sawarmoebis

privatizaciis ZiriTadi Semaferxebeli mizezebia didi davalianebebi, sawarmos

aqtivebis cudi mdgomareoba, samuSao Zalis siWarbe, sawarmos zoma da sawarmoSi

interesebis mqone gavleniani jgufebi.

msoflio bankis struqturuli gardaqmnebis mesame kreditis pirobebis

Tanaxmad, meore tranSis misaRebad nusxiT gansazRvruli pirveli rigis 29 msxvili

sawarmodan minimum 20 sawarmo unda iqnas privatizebuli an likvidirebuli.

2002 wlis ivlisis mdgomareobiT pirveli rigis sawarmoTa nusxidan ToTxmeti

sawarmo privatizebul iqna da rva sawarmoSi dawyebulia likvidacia/gakotrebis

procesi. ase rom meore tranSis misaRebad kreditis pirobebi Sesrulebulia. mesame

tranSis misaRebad saWiroa mTlianad ganxorcieldes pirveli rigis sawarmoebis

privatizeba an likvidacia. rac Seexeba meore rigis msxvil sawarmoTa nusxas,

29 sawarmodan 26 privatizebulia.

2001 wels zogierT saSualo da msxvil sawarmoSi sqms-m restruqturizacia

Caatara. vinaidan, msxvili sawarmoebis SemTxvevaSi Zneli iyo maTi gayidva

restruqturizaciis gareSe, sawarmos sicocxlisunariani nawili gamocalkevebuli

iqna sxva danarCenisagan. Sesabamisad sicocxlisunariani nawili ufro efeqturi

gaxda da ufro mimzidvelic potenciuri investorebisaTvis. restruqturizebuli

sawarmoebis simboluri fasiT an nulovan auqcionze gayidva ramodenime Tvis

ganmavlobaSi ganixileboda da sabolood aris garkveuli winsvla am mimarTulebiT,

da met progress unda velodeT wlis bolos.

saaqcio sazogadoeba “elmavalmSenebeli” erT-erTi yvelaze msxvili sawarmoa

saqarTveloSi. sawarmos aqciaTa sakontrolo paketi ramodenimejer iqna gamotanili

gasayidad, magram uSedegod. sawarmoSi Catarda restruqturizacia da ganxorcielda

arasawarmoo daniSnulebis aqtivebis sawesdebo kapitalidan amoReba. aqciaTa

sakontrolo paketze 75 procentis fasdaklebiT gamocxadebulma ganmeorebiTma

tenderma kvlavac ver moizida verc erTi ganacxadi. tenderi sawarmos aqciaTa

75 procentis simboluri sawyisi fasiT (150 000 aSS dolari) gasayidad 2002 wlis

24 maiss gamocxadda. tenderis pirobebis mixedviT, gamarjvebulma unda

ganaxorcielos 500 000 laris odenobis investicia, yovelwliurad 30 procentiT

gazardos sawarmos warmadoba, yovelwliurad 20 procentiT gazardos xelfasebi da

gazardos personalis raodenoba. ivlisSi gamarTul tenderSi sawarmos direqtorma

gaimarjva.

2002 wlis 19 ivliss sqms-m gamoacxada saerTaSoriso tenderi saaqcio

sazogadoeba “medeas” aqciaTa sakontrolo paketze. aqciaTa paketis sawyisi fasi

simboluria da 5 000 aSS dolars udris.

saaqcio sazogadoebebis “quTaisis avtoqarxnis” da "saqarTvelos traqtoris"

aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebi 5 ivliss gamotanili iqna fulad auqcionze nulovani

sarezervo fasiT. auqcioni oqtomberSi dasruldeba.

privatizacia


“saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli aqciaTa paketis

privatizebis mizniT gamocxadebulma saerTaSoriso tenderma ver moizida

ganacxadebi da amJamad ganixileba sawarmos likvidaciis sakiTxi. sqms-m daiwyo

saaaqcio sazogadoebebis “elvas” da “saqceolitis” likvidaciis procesi. sawarmoTa

likvidaciis procesi mimdinare wlis bolomde unda dasruldes. saaqcio

sazogadoeba “saqsamTometalurgia” aseve likvidaciis procesSia. sicocxlis

uunaro da aramimzidveli sawarmoebis likvidacia xSirad privatizaciis mtkivneuli

procesis logikur dasasruls warmoadgens da masac moaqvs sargebeli

ekonomikisaTvis: sagadasaxado da sxva davalianebebis nawili mainc daifareba.

zogierT msxvil sawarmoSi dawyebulia gakotrebis procesi. maT Sorisaa

saaqcio sazogadoebebi tami, qimboWko, tyibulnaxSiri, azoti, saqabreSumi da

WiaTurmanganumi. gakotrebis saqmis warmoeba iwvevs valauvali sawarmos

reorganizebas an likvidacias. saaqcio sazogadoebebis, azoti, saqabreSumi,

WiaTurmanganumis SemTxvevaSi dawyebulia sasamarTlos mier damtkicebuli

reabilitaciis procesi. Tuki reabilitacia warmatebiT iqna ganxorcielebuli,

sawarmo SeZlebs dafaros valebi, mTlianobaSi gaiumjobesos Tavisi mdgomareoba da

amgvarad wvlili Seitanos qveynis ekonomikaSi.

saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizaciis procesSi aRsaniSnav movlenas

warmoadgens 2002 wlis agvistoSi eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis tenderis

meSveobiT privatizeba. sawarmos direqtorma aqciaTa paketSi 1 300 000 aSS dolari

gadaixada. tenderis pirobebi, romelic unda Seasrulos gamarjvebulma, moicavs

erTi milioni aSS dolaris odenobis investiciebis ganxorcielebas, warmadobis

gazrdas da samuSao Zalis SenarCunebas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom privatizaciis procesi bevr SemTxvevaSi ferxdeba zemoT

moyvanili mizezebis gamo, ar aris yovelTvis gamWvirvale da zogierT SemTxvevaSi

uSedegoa, igi sasargeblo unda iyos rogorc momxmareblisaTvis, aseve muSa-

mosamsaxurisaTvis da mTlianad ekonomikisTvis. momxmarebeli sargebels iRebs maSin

rodesac meti efeqturoba, romelic privatizebis meSveobiT SeiZleba iqnas miRweuli,

mas gadaecema, magaliTad fasebis formiT, romlebic imaze naklebia, rac SeiZleboda

rom yofiliyo, farTo arCevaniT da ukeTesi momsaxureobis formiT. privatizebuli

biznesi savaraudod ufro kargad pasuxobs momxmareblis cvalebad moTxovnebs da

ufro aqtiuria axali produqciis bazarze gamotanaSi.

muSa-mosamsaxurisaTvis privatizacia niSnavs naTeli miznebis mqone kompaniaSi

muSaobas, am miznebis misaRwevad saWiro saSualebebis arsebobas da warmatebis

SemTxvevaSi Sesabamis ukugebas. es aZlierebs zrunvas momxmarebelze, rac nebismieri

warmatebuli biznesis amosaval wertils warmoadgens. ekonomika sargebels iRebs

privatizebuli dargebis kapitalze ufro maRali amonagebis formiT, romlebsac ukve

aRar SeuZliaT moiZion resursebi ekonomikaSi sxva gzebiT (igulisxmeba

gadasaxadebi), Tu ara ibrZolon fondebisaTvis Ria kapitalis bazarze.

privatizacia


kavSirgabmulobis seqtorikavSirgabmulobis seqtorikavSirgabmulobis seqtorikavSirgabmulobis seqtori

kavSirgabmulobis seqtoris obieqtebis privatizaciaSi 2002 wlis meore

kvartalSi progresi ar dafiqsirebula. sqms-m Sewyvita urTierToba privatizaciis

procesis safinanso mrCevel Commertzbank-Tan. axali safinanso mrCevlis

gamosavlenad tenderi jer ar gamocxadebula. norvegiuli kompania Telenor-i konsultaciebs uwevs saaqcio sazogadoeba “saqarTvelos eleqtrokavSirs” da

exmareba axali biznes gegmis SemuSavebaSi, romelic moicavs sawarmos axali

samenejero struqturis Camoyalibebas da sxva rekomendaciebs. Tumca, jerjerobiT

“saqarTvelos eleqtrokavSiris” arc privatizeba da arc marTvaSi gadacema ar aris

dagegmili.

energetikis seqtorienergetikis seqtorienergetikis seqtorienergetikis seqtori

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi energetikis seqtoris obieqtebis privatizebis

mxriv progresi ar yofila. sqms-m IFC-sTan erTad saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi myofi

eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli regionaluri kompaniebi erT kompaniad daajgufa,

romelic axlo momavalSi marTvaSi unda iqnas gadacemuli. aseve gegmaSia

hidroeleqtrosadgurebis privatizebac.

Tbilgazis (Tbilisis gazis gamanawilebeli kompania) sakiTxi kvlav dRis

wesrigSia. rusuli kompania ITERA, romelic awvdis gazs saqarTvelos,

dainteresebuli iyo Tbilgazis SesyidvaSi, magram or qveyanas Soris politikuri

urTierTobebis gauaresebis gamo, garigebam politikuri xasiaTi SeiZina da sqms-m ar

miiRo ITERA-s SemoTavazeba. vinaidan sawarmos reabilitaciis sxva gza ar arsebobs

axla ganixileba erToblivi sawarmos (saqarTvelos mxare – ITERA) Camoyalibeba.

energetikis seqtoris gaumjobeseba uaRresad mniSvnelovania, radgan igi

uSualo gavlenas axdens ekonomikis sxva sferoebis funqcionirebaze da cxovrebis

doneze qveyanaSi. privatizebuli obieqtebi, rogorc wesi, saxelmwifo

mflobelobaSi arsebul obieqtebTan SedarebiT ukeTes Sedegebs iZlevian da

Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli

programa energetikis sawarmoTa swraf da wesisamebr privatizebas erT-erT

prioritetad isaxavs.

wyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistemawyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistemawyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistemawyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistema

saaqcio sazogadoeba Tbilwyalkanalis marTvaSi gadacemis tenderi SarSan

gamocxadda. saaqcio sazogadoeba Tbilwyalkanali 100 procentiT Tbilisis meriis

mflobelobaSia da unda iqnas marTvaSi gadacemuli 10 wlis vadiT. mxareTa

SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi kontraqtis vada SesaZloa 5 wliT gagrZeldes. dargis

reabilitaciisaTvis msoflio banks dagegmili aqvs gamoyos 25 milioni aSS dolaris

odenobis krediti. krediti 35 wliania, misi dabruneba sesxis aRebidan 10 wlis

Semdeg iwyeba da wliuri saprocento ganakveTi 0,75 procentia. kreditis meSveobiT

reformis sawyis etapze unda moxerxdes dabali tarifis SenarCuneba.

privatizacia


saaqcio sazogadoeba Tbilwyalkanalis marTvaSi gadacemis tenderis

winasakvalifikacio etapi dasrulda. tenderSi monawileobisaTvis kompanias unda

gaaCndes 1,5 milioniani mosaxleobis momsaxurebis 5 wliani gamocdileba, wliuri

finansuri brunva aranakleb 50 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT da kvalificirebuli

personali. axla xuTi kompania monawileobs tenderSi. esenia: Compagnie Generale des Eaux (safrangeTi), Suez Lyonnaise Des Eaux (safrangeTi), Berlinwasser International GmbH (germania), ACEA S.p.A. – Acquedotto (erToblivi sawarmo, italia), Anglian Water PLC (gaerTianebuli samefo). kontraqtis nimuSi tenderSi monawile kompaniebs 2002 wlis

agvistoSi daegzavnaT da maT 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi unda warmoadginon teqnikuri da

finansuri winadadebebi, romelTa safuZvelzec gamovlindeba tenderSi gamarjvebuli.

mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia

mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia grZeldeba da rogorc naCvenebia 6.2 cxrilSi

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 295 mcire sawarmo iqna privatizebuli. 2002 wlis

pirveli ivlisis mdgomareobiT 13 819 mcire sawarmo damtkicda saprivatizaciod da

16 450 faqtiurad iqna privatizebuli2 1993 wlidan. faqtiurad privatizebul da

saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoTa mTlian raodenobebs Soris arsebuli

gansxvaveba imaze miuTiTebs, rom bevri maTgani privatizebis procesSi gaiyo.

saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli sawarmoebis mzardi ricxvi imaze metyvelebs, rom

bevri maTgani saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis nawils Seadgendnen da am

ukanasknelebis restruqturizaciis Sedegad, damoukidebel erTeulebad

Camoyalibdnen.

naxati 6.1 gviCvenebs saqarTveloSi mcire privatizaciis dinamikas 1993 wlidan.

garkveulwilad privatizebis procesi TiTqos dasasruls uaxlovdeba, radgan

saprivatizacio sawarmoebis raodenoba mcirdeba. Tumca msxvili sawarmoebis

privatizeba jer kidev winaa (telekomunikaciebis, energetikis, mrewvelobis

seqtorebSi) da savaraudoa rom restruqturizaciis Sedegad axali mcire sawarmoebi

warmoiSveba. maSasadame, mcire sawarmoTa privatizaciis procesi SesaZloa kidev

ufro gagrZeldes.

2 imis gamo, rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aWarbebdes gasayidad damtkicebulTa ricxvs. mcire sawarmoTa sruli ricxvi, romelic moicavs saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoebsac, ar aris cnobili. mcire sawarmoebad iTvleba isini, romelTa aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba 1993 wlis 1 aprilisTvis 44 000 aSS dolars ar aRemateba.

privatizacia


naxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacianaxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacianaxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacianaxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia

1315 1371

2765

18101361

1881

1317983

716

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001


2002 wlis meore kvartalSi 136 mcire sawarmo gadavida kerZo mflobelobaSi.

privatizebul mcire sawarmoTa umetesoba vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis sferoebs

ganekuTvneba - Sesabamisad 33 da 44 procenti. statistikuri danarTis A6.2 cxrilSi

mocemuli regionaluri CamonaTvalis mixedviT, privatizebuli mcire sawarmoebis

31 procenti TbilisSia. regionaluri CamonaTvali gviCvenebs, rom 2002 wlis meore

kvartalSi regionebis umetesobaSi SeimCneoda progresi mcire sawarmoTa

privatizebaSi. aWaris avtonomiuri respublika kvlavac CamorCeba sxva regionebs

mcire sawarmoTa privatizebis mxriv, vinaidan 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi avtonomiur

respublikaSi arc erTi mcire sawarmo ar yofila privatizebuli.

cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT ((((sqms----s klasis klasis klasis klasifikaciiT), fikaciiT), fikaciiT), fikaciiT),

2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT


miuxedavad imisa, rom mcire sawarmoTa privartizeba ar niSnavs maT efeqtur

operirebas momavalSi, arsebuli meoradi bazari, rogorc Cans, sakmaod

funqcionirebadia rom uzrunvelyos sawarmoTa ufro efeqturi mepatroneebis xelSi

gadasvla. es aseve gazrdis konkurenciasac, rac Tavis mxriv saukeTeso gzaa

imisaTvis rom momxmareblisaTvis sasurveli saqonelisa da momsaxureobis miwodeba

minimaluri ekonomikuri danaxarjiT moxdes. momxmareblisaTvis Tavisufali

arCevanis arseboba saSualebas aZlevs sabazro faqtorebs mudmivi zewola

ganaxorcielon kompaniebis efeqturobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT.

seqtoriseqtoriseqtoriseqtori damt ki c ebul idamt ki c ebul idamt ki c ebul idamt ki c ebul i pri vat i z ebul ipri vat iz ebul ipri vat iz ebul ipri vat iz ebul i

mTl i an ad mTl i an ad mTl i an ad mTl i an ad

pr i vat iz ebul i s pr i vat iz ebul i s pr i vat iz ebul i s pr i vat iz ebul i s

%%%%

pri vat iz ebul i pr i vat iz ebul i pr i vat iz ebul i pr i vat iz ebul i

2002 wel s2002 wels2002 wels2002 wels

mr ewvelobamr ewvelobamr ewvelobamr ewveloba 400 325 2.0 2

en erget i kaen erget i kaen erget i kaen erget i ka 72 81 0.5 1

pur produqt eb ipur produqt eb ipur produqt eb ipur produqt eb i 142 126 0.8 1

sofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTisofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTisofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTisofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTi 779 955 5.8 48

mS en eblobamS en eblobamS en eblobamS en ebloba 446 385 2.3 15

sac alo da sab iTumo vaWrobasac alo da sab iTumo vaWrobasac alo da sab iTumo vaWrobasac alo da sab iTumo vaWroba 4,709 5,502 33.4 69

sayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb asayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb asayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb asayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb a 5,614 7,283 44.3 113

n avTobproduqt ebin avTobproduqt ebin avTobproduqt ebin avTobproduqt ebi 172 174 1.1 -

j andac vaj andac vaj andac vaj andac va 804 638 3.9 12

soci aluri sferosoci aluri sferosoci aluri sferosoci aluri sfero 477 736 4.5 28

tran sportitran sportitran sportitran sporti 204 245 1.5 6

sulsulsulsul 13,819 16,450 100.0 295

Tavi meSvide. dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa


umuSevrobis donis amsaxveli monacemebi ZiriTadad Seesabameba maCveneblebs

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebisTvis, Tumca, isini ver asaxaven Sromis bazarze

arsebul araxelsayrel da arastabilur mdgomareobas. arasruli dasaqmeba, farTod

gavrcelebuli faruli da SeniRbuli umuSevroba kvlavac arsebobs da qveynaSi

saSualo xelfasebis done naxevarze metad Camouvardeba minimalur saarsebo dones

saSualo ojaxisaTvis. xangrZlivi umuSevroba iwvevs samuSao Zalis TandaTanobiT

Semcirebas. siRaribis mdgomareobas amZimebs Sromis bazris problemebi da sul

ufro matulobs im SinameurneobaTa ricxvi, romlebic ganicdian cxovrebis donis

kidev ufro gauaresebas. Sromisunariani mosaxleobis didi nawili arasrulad aris

dasaqmebuli an dausaqmebulia (umuSevarTa da samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili

muSakebis CaTvliT). kanonmdeblobaSi mocemuli ganmartebis gamo, soflad

umuSevrobis donis amsaxveli cifrebi ukiduresad dabalia, rac gavlenas axdens

umuSevrobis erovnuli donis amsaxvel cifrebze, romlebic sxvagvarad bevrad ufro

maRali iqneboda. Sromis bazarze Warbobs TviTdasaqmebis wili, xolo am

ukanasknelSi - TviTdasaqmeba soflis meurneobaSi, romelic mxolod saarsebo

minimums Tu uzrunvelyofs. daqiravebuli dasaqmebis wilad Sromisunariani asakis

muSakTa sul 20 procentamde modis da aqedan, 40 procentze meti aris samuSao

adgilebi sabiujeto organizaciebSi, sadac Zalian dabali xelfasebia. dasaqmebulTa

didi nawili (TvidasaqmebulTa CaTvliT) dakavebulia araformalur seqtorSi, sadac

samuSao adgilebis umetesoba arastabiluri da dabalanazRaurebadia.

umuSevroba

ssd-is mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis1 regularuli kvartaluri

Sedegebi, registrirebuli umuSevrobis monacemebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic

uzrunvelyofs sakmaod saintereso da saerTaSoriso monacemebTan Seasadar

informacias2, erTaderTi saimedo wyaroa, romlis safuZvelzec SeiZleba gakeTdes

mosaxleobis ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa da Sromis bazarze mimdinare procesebis

analizi. aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegebi Zalze mniSvnelovania Sromis bazarze,

dasaqmebasa da umuSevrobaSi, samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficientebSi, samuSao

Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleobisa da SinameurneobaTa SemosavlebSi aRniSnuli

tendenciebisa da cvlilebebis Sefasebisas.

bolo periodSi ssd-ma SemoiRo axali kiTxvarebi mimdinare SinameurneobaTa

gamokvlevisTvis, romlebic ufro farTo da detaluria vidre is kiTxvarebi,

romlebsac aqamde iyenebdnen (2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis CaTvliT). savaraudoa, rom

es kiTxvarebi ufro efeqturi da funqcionaluri iqneba, maTze dayrdnobiT analizis

1 mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevas ssd awarmoebs 1996 wlis mesame kvartlidan, msoflio bankis finansuri mxardaWeriT da kanadis statistikis departamentTan erTad. 1998-1999 wlebSi ssd awarmoebda samuSao Zalis gamokvlevas, Sso-sa da gaeros ganviTarebis programis daxmarebiT da im periodis monacemebi eyrdnoba samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis cifrebs (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). 2 SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebis gaangariSeba xdeba Sso-s principebze, meTodoligiasa da ganmartebebze dayrdnobiT da amdenad, eqvemdebareba Sedarebas saerTaSoriso monacemebTan. magaliTad, Sso-s ganmartebis Tanaxmad, dasaqmebulad iTvleba is vinc ganxilvis periodSi (erTi kvira) Tundac erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda.

dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa


gakeTebis TvalsazrisiT. marTalia, 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis Sedegebis

Sesagroveblad axali kiTxvarebis SemoRebam daagviana monacemTa damuSaveba, magram,

rogorc axali kiTxvarebi gviCvenebs, SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva ufro farTo

moculobis iqneba, vidre adre. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamokvlevis monacemebi kvlavac

yovlismomcveli ar iqneba da, rom im meTodologiis Sesabamisad, romelsac mTel

msoflioSi iyeneben, gamokvleva ar iTvaliswinebs anazRaurebis odenobas, axla igi

bevrad ufro srul informacias uzrunvelyofs araformalur seqtorSi

dasaqmebulTa, meoradi dasaqmebis, kompaniis zomis, samuSaos stabilurobis,

arasruli ganakveTiT dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis Sesaxeb.

cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. –––– 2001 w. IV kv. 2001 w. IV kv. 2001 w. IV kv. 2001 w. IV kv.

(aTasi kaci)

e k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s ie k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s ie k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s ie k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s i2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .

I k v .I k v .I k v .I k v .

2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .

I I k v .I I k v .I I k v .I I k v .

2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .

I I I k v .I I I k v .I I I k v .I I I k v .

2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .

IV k v .IV k v .IV k v .IV k v .

s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s

m o s a xl e o b am o s a xl e o b am o s a xl e o b am o s a xl e o b a3 , 2 7 73 , 2 7 73 , 2 7 73 , 2 7 7 3 , 2 6 93 , 2 6 93 , 2 6 93 , 2 6 9 3 , 1 3 93 , 1 3 93 , 1 3 93 , 1 3 9 3 , 0 8 33 , 0 8 33 , 0 8 33 , 0 8 3

e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul

(s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )2 , 0 6 62 , 0 6 62 , 0 6 62 , 0 6 6 2 , 1 9 72 , 1 9 72 , 1 9 72 , 1 9 7 2 , 1 4 42 , 1 4 42 , 1 4 42 , 1 4 4 2 , 0 4 82 , 0 4 82 , 0 4 82 , 0 4 8

e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul

(s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )2 , 1 9 52 , 1 9 52 , 1 9 52 , 1 9 5 2 , 3 1 42 , 3 1 42 , 3 1 42 , 3 1 4 2 , 2 4 62 , 2 4 62 , 2 4 62 , 2 4 6 2 , 1 6 52 , 1 6 52 , 1 6 52 , 1 6 5

d a s a q m e b ul i d a s a q m e b ul i d a s a q m e b ul i d a s a q m e b ul i 1 , 8 1 81 , 8 1 81 , 8 1 81 , 8 1 8 1 , 9 4 41 , 9 4 41 , 9 4 41 , 9 4 4 1 , 9 1 31 , 9 1 31 , 9 1 31 , 9 1 3 1 , 8 3 81 , 8 3 81 , 8 3 81 , 8 3 8

d aq ir av eb ul i 681 6 7 2 6 36 6 30

T v iTd asaq m e b ul i 1, 0 34 1, 189 1, 19 4 1, 12 7

u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) 2 4 82 4 82 4 82 4 8 2 5 3 . 12 5 3 . 12 5 3 . 12 5 3 . 1 2 3 0 . 82 3 0 . 82 3 0 . 82 3 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 52 1 0 . 52 1 0 . 52 1 0 . 5

u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) 3 7 73 7 73 7 73 7 7 3 6 9 .93 6 9 .93 6 9 .93 6 9 .9 3 3 2 . 83 3 2 . 83 3 2 . 83 3 2 . 8 3 2 7 . 33 2 7 . 33 2 7 . 33 2 7 . 3

u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 ) 1 2 . 01 2 . 01 2 . 01 2 . 0 1 1 . 51 1 . 51 1 . 51 1 . 5 1 0 . 81 0 . 81 0 . 81 0 . 8 1 0 . 31 0 . 31 0 . 31 0 . 3

u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 ) 1 7 . 21 7 . 21 7 . 21 7 . 2 1 6 .01 6 .01 6 .01 6 .0 1 4 . 81 4 . 81 4 . 81 4 . 8 1 5 . 11 5 . 11 5 . 11 5 . 1 wyaro: ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi

SeniSvnebi: (1 ) Sso-s standartiT (an “mkacri” kriteriumiT), "imedgacruebul" muSakTa ricxvis gareSe

(2 ) Sso-s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT, "imedgacruebul" muSakTa ricxvis CaTvliT

sem-is am gamoSvebaze muSaobis dros, 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis SinameurneobaTa

gamokvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi ar iyo.

ufro detaluri cxrili da 1998-2000 w.w. cifrebi ixileT statistikuri danarTis

cxrilSi A7.1.

monacemebi 2001 wlisTvis yvelaze bolo xelmisawvdomi monacemebia. wina welTan

SedarebiT, umuSevrobis erovnuli donis kvartaluri monacemebi 2001 wels mkveTrad

ar Secvlila (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). 2001 wlis bolos3,

umuSevrobis erovnuli maCvenebeli 10,3 procenti iyo “mkacri” standartiT da

15,1 procenti – “Serbilebuli” meTodiT. erTaderTi sxvaoba Sso-s ori gansxvavebuli

Sefasebis kriteriumebis mixedviT gaangariSebul umuSevrobis maCveneblebs Soris,

mdgomareobs imaSi, aqtiurad eZeben umuSevrebi samuSaos Tu ara, Tumca, rogorc

umuSevari samuSaos maZieblebi, aseve “imedgacruebuli” muSakebic “dausaqmebeli”

arian. vinaidan “Sromis bazris nakadebis” Sesaxeb statistikuri monacemebi ar

arsebobs, praqtikuli dakvirvebis safuZvelze SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom

“dausaqmeblebi” migrireben umuSevarTa or kategorias Soris. Tumca, rac ufro didi

3 sem-is am gamocemaze muSaobis dros, 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebi jer xelmisawvdomi ar iyo.



iqneba sxvaoba am or kategorias Soris, miT ufro didi iqneba samuSao Zalis miRma

darCenil adamianTa ricxvi mocemuli periodisTvis. gaangariSebis or kriteriums

Soris arsebuli sxvaoba, bolo ori wlisTvis, sakmaod didia da meryeobs 4 da

6 procentul punqts Soris. mudmivad didi sxvaoba, Cveulebriv, xangrZlivi

umuSevrobisa da Sromis bazarze mZime mdgomareobis amsaxvelia – rodesac

umuSevrebi ar eZeben samuSaos radgan ar sjeraT, rom samuSao, romelic maT

SeiZleba iSovon, aqtiur Zebnad Rirs.

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti, romelic

bolo wlebSi meryeobs 63-68 procents Soris, sakmaod maRali Cans (66,4 procenti

2001 wlis bolos). Tumca, igi ar asaxavs arasruli dasaqmebis maRal procents,

dabal anazRaurebas da sapensio asakis muSakTa did ricxvs, romlebic iZuylebulni

arian aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon Sromis bazarze, raTa TavianTi mwiri pensiebis

erTgvari kompensacia moaxdinon. soflad umuSevrobis xelovnurad daqveiTebuli

maCvenebeli erT-erTi faqtoria, romelic xels uwyobs imas, rom “mkacri” standartiT

gaangariSebuli umuSevrobis erovnuli maCvenebeli SedarebiT dabalia, monawileobis

koeficinti ki SedarebiT maRali. soflad umuSevrobis dabali maCvenebeli aixsneba

soflis meurneobaSi metwilad Teoriuli4 Tvidsaqmebis Warbi wiliT: 2001 wlis

meoTxe kvartlis bolos, soflad umuSevrobis maCvenebeli iyo 2,9 procenti Sso-s

“mkacri” standartiT da 6 procenti – Sso-s “Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT. rogorc

yovelTvis, qalaqad umuSevrobis maCvenebeli bevrad aRemateba soflad umuSevrobis

maCvenebels: 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis bolos, Sesabamisad 20,7 da 27,3 procenti

“mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” standartebiT.

saxelmwifo dasaqmebis samsaxuris reorganizaciis procesSi, adre

registrirebuli umuSevrebi 2002 wlis dasawyisidan xelaxal registracias gadian.

ssd-s Tviuri angariSis mixedviT, pirveli agvistos mdgomareobiT, registrirebuli

iyo 27,800 umuSevari, rac Sesabamisad “mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” standartebiT

gaangariSebuli maCveneblebis, daaxloebiT 12 da 8 procentia. xelaxali

registraciis dawyebamde, registrirebul umuSevarTa ricxvi TandaTanobiT

klebulobda da 2001 wlis bolosTvis 109,400 kacamde daeca. aSkaraa, rom umuSevrobis

daxmareba TveSi 14 lari (daaxloebiT 6 aSS dolari), romelic umuSevrobis mxolod

pirveli eqvsi Tvis manZilze gaicema da amasTan, samuSaos Sovnis uimedo perspeqtiva

susti stimulia umuSevrobis xelaxali registraciis proceduris gasavlelad. unda

vivaraudoT, rom isini, vinc gadis registracias, yvelaze gaWirvebuli,

sasowarkveTili da imedgacruebuli samuSaos maZieblebi arian, romelTac samuSaos

Sovnis sxva Sansi ara aqvT.

maSin roca umuSevrebi, romlebic daculi ar arian umuSevrobis normaluri

sadazRvevo sistemebiT an sxva formis daxmarebiT, romelic Tundac saarsebo

minimums uzrunvelyofs, riskis winaSe dganan rogorc ekonomikuri, aseve socialuri

TvalsazrisiT: umuSevrobis xangrZlivi periodebis Sedegad, umuSevars Semosavlis

dakargvis garda umcirdeba aseve samuSaoze mowyobis albaTobac. samuSao praqtikis

gareSe darCenis Sedegad, muSaki kvalifikaciasTan erTad kargavs xelmisawvdomi

4 dasaqmebis Sesaxeb kanonis Tanaxmad, Tundac 1 heqtari sameurneo miwis mflobeli da misi ojaxis wevrebi TviTdasaqmebulebad iTvlebian. sinamdvileSi, marTalia sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli soflad SinameurneobaTa Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens da sasicocxlo minimumiT uzrunvelyofs, bevri soflis macxovrebeli, gansakuTrebiT ki isini, visac arc Tu ise didi nakveTi aqvT da visac saSualeba ara aqvs daamuSaon TavianTi nakveTi, saarsebo minimumis uzrunvelyofasac Zlivs axerxeben.



samuSao adgilebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebis saSualebasac, rasac sabolood,

mohyveba socialuri izolireba da gariyva. xangrZlivad umuSevrebis dasaqmebis

SesaZleblobis gazrda da maTi reintegrireba Sromis bazarze gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovania da moiTxovs specialuri RonisZiebebisa da programebis

ganxorcielebas, vinaidan am qronikuli problemis rogorc ekonomikurma, aseve

socialurma aspeqtebma kolosalur masStabebs miaRwia.

dasaqmeba

gasuli ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi dasaqmebis struqtura xasiaTdeboda

daqiravebuli dasaqmebis xvedriTi wilis TandaTanobiT klebiT da TviTdasaqmebis

stabiluri matebiT. aSkaraa tendencia, romlis Tanaxmadac TviTdasaqmebis wili

Warbobs rogorc mTlian dasaqmebaSi aseve samuSao ZalaSi rogorc pirveladi, aseve

meoradi saqmianobis mixedviT: 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, igi Seadgenda pirvelis

61 procentze mets, xolo meoris - daaxloebiT 55 procents (ix. cxrili A7.1 da

statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). mimdinare SinameurneobaTa kvlevis Zveli

kiTxvarebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic gansazRvravda TviTdasaqmebas mxolod

rogorc ZiriTad saqminobas, axlad SemoRebuli kiTxvarebi SesaZlebels gaxdis,

momaval SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis SedegebSi TviTdasaqmebis asaxvas, rogorc

damatebiTi saxis saqmianobas.

TviTdasaqmebis didi wili miuTiTebs Sromis bazris araxelsayrel mdgomareobaze,

sadac matulobs im adamianTa ricxvi, romlebic dausaqmebeli arian an dakavebuli

arian dabalanazRaurebadi, araproduqtiuli da arastabiluri saqmianobiT

araformalur seqtorSi. TviTdasaqmebaSi Warbobs soflis meurneobaSi

TviTdasaqmebis wili - rogorc zemoT ganvmarteT, es winaswar gansazRvruli

statusia – Tumca, aseTi saxis saqmianoba, ZiriTadad, mxolod saarsebo minimums

uzrunvelyofs. 2001 wlis bolos, soflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebis wilma TiTqmis

84 procents miaRwia. ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemTa Tanaxmad,

2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi soflis meurneobaSi TviTasaqmebulTa 58 procenti

ojaxur sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSave iyo. aRniSnuli kategoriis soflis

macxovrebelTa udidesi nawili, romelmac 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi,

TviTdasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenobis TiTqmis naxevari, saerTo dasaqmebis 39

procenti5 da saerTo samuSao Zalis 35 procenti Seadgina, savaraudod siRaribis

riskis winaSe dgas.

maSin roca, rogorc zemoT ganvixileT, TviTdasaqmebulTa didi armiis udidesi

nawili soflad TviTdasaqmebulia da savaraudod, saarsebo minimumze mets ver

Soulobs, arasoflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebulTa didi nawili - 90 procentze

meti (TviTdasaqmebulTa saerTo ricxvis 16 procenti) – e.w. “individualurad

momuSave TviTdasaqmebulebi” arian, anu TviTdasaqmebulebi romelTac daqiravebuli

muSakebi ara hyavT da ar arian mewileebi an kooperativebis wevrebi. individualurad

momuSave TviTdasaqmebulTa wili saerTo dasaqmebis TiTqmis 12 procents Seadgens.

5 ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, saojaxo sawarmoebSi usasyidlod momuSaveTa wili dasaqmebaSi, rogorc wesi, Zalze dabalia da 0-dan 4 procentamde Seadgens. (“2001-2002 ww. Sromis bazris mTavari maCveneblebi”, Sso).



isini saarsebo minimumis mopovebasac Zlivs axerxeben. maSasadame, TviTdasaqmebulTa

udidesi nawili, romelic saerTo dasaqmebis did wils Seadgens da romlis xarjzec

umuSevrobis maCvenebeli SedarebiT dabalia, rogorc Cans, sxvadasxva donis

siRaribeSi cxovrobs. unda vivaraudoT, rom qalaqad umuSevrebi, arasrulad

dasaqmebulebi da saojaxo sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSaveebi, romelTac saerTod

ar gaaCniaT sameurneo miwis nakveTi, gacilebiT ufro mZime mdgomareobaSi imyofebian,

vidre Raribi mosaxleoba soflad. soflad siRaribisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic

ufro fuladi Semosavlebis naklebobasTan aris dakavSirebuli, qalaqad siRaribe

dakavSirebulia arasakmaris kvebasTan. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, umuSevrobis

erovnuli maCvenebeli da monawileobis koeficientis cifrebi srulad ver asaxaven

mosaxleobis siRaribis realur dones.

Tvidasaqmebisgan gansxvavebiT, daqiravebiT dasaqmeba klebulobs. 2001 wlis meoTxe

kvartalSi, xelfasze momuSaveTa wilad saerTo dasaqmebis 34 procenti modioda6.

Statebis Semcirebebma saxelmwifo seqtorSi, romlis wili, 2001 wlis meoTxe

kvartalSi, dasaqmebis 66 procents Seadgenda, da axali investiciebis naklebobis

Sedegad kerZo seqtorSi arasakmarisi odenobis samuSao adgilebis Seqmnam xeli

Seuwyo daqiravebuli dasaqmebis daRmavlobis tendenciis ganviTarebas. Tumca, raoden

sakvirvelic ar unda iyos, samuSao adgilebi saxelmwifo sawarmoebsa da

organizaciebSi kvlavac, pirobiTad, “stabilur dasaqmebad” aris miCneuli.

rogorc ssd-s SinameurneobaTa kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, Sso-s ganmartebis

Tanaxmad, dasaqmebulTa da TviTdasaqmebulTa sarTo raodenobis 39 procenti

soflad saojaxo sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSaveebia, 16 procentamde sabiujeto

organizaciebis muSakebi da 12 procenti arasoflis meurneobaSi individulaurad

momuSave TviTdasaqmebulebi arian. maSasadame, dasaqmebulTa sul mcire 67 procenti

momuSave Raribebi arian.

dasaqmebis modelebi icvleba: matulobs nawilobrivi da droebiTi dasaqmeba.

daqiravebiT dasaqmebis arsebiTi wili warmodgenilia e.w. “gareSe jgufebis”7 saxiT,

rac momuSaveTa arasruli datvirTvisa da arasruli dasaqmebis maCvenebelia. erTis

mxriv, farTod gavrcelebuli iZulebiTi (arasasurveli) nawilobrivi dasaqmeba da

araregularuli droebiTi samuSao miuTiTebs imaze rom adamianebi cdiloben

moergon samuSao Zalis dabali moTxovnis pirobebs da urCevniaT droebiT samuSaoze

daTanxmdnen, vidre saerTod ar imuSaon. meores mxriv, droebiTi samuSao adgilebi

xSirad is gzaa romliTac Sromis bazarze xvdebian isini, visac jer Sromis bazarze

monawileoba ar mouRia. Tumca, Cveulebriv, maTi profesiuli winsvlis perspeqtivebi

da konkurentunarianoba Sromis bazarze SezRudulia. nawilobrivi dasaqmeba da

droebiTi samuSao umeteswilad dabali xarisxis dasaqmebaa sruldasaqmebasTan

SedarebiT, anazRaurebis, daxmarebebis, uzrunvelyofisa da samuSao adgilze

kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mxriv8.

6 ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, saerTo dasaqmebaSi daqiravebul muSakTa wili 80-90 procentamdec ki aRwevs. (“2001-2002 ww. Sromis bazris mTavari maCveneblebi”, Sso). 7 “garedan mowveuli jgufebi” arian droebiTi kontraqtis safuZvelze daqiravebuliebi, garedan mowveuli subkontraqtorebi da moklevadiani muSakebi. 8 “drois faqtorTan dakavSirebuli arasruli dasaqmeba” exeba dasaqmebul adamianTa ricxvs, romlebsac "ganxilvis periodSi arasakmarisi odenobiT aqvT dagrovili samuSao saaTebi”. (“2001-2002 ww. Sromis bazris mTavari maCveneblebi”, Sso). Sromis bazris statistikosTa me-16-e konferenciaze miRebuli rezolucia (Jeneva, 1998 w.) arasruli da araadeqvaturi dasaqmebis amsaxveli mdgomareobis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT, iyenebs termins “xiluli arasruli dasaqmeba”.



nnnnax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.ax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.ax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.ax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.

umuSevari

7%

TviT-

dasaqmebuli

38%

kerZo

seqtorSi

dasaqmebuli

7%

saxelmwifo

seqtorSi

dasaqmebuli

14%

samuSao

Zalis gareT

34%

wyaro: ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi

SeniSvna: samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleobis wili mocemulia Sso-s “mkacri” standartiT

Sefasebis mixedviT, anu “imedgacruebul” muSakTa ricxvis CaTvliT.

15 wlis asakis zemoT mosaxleobis didi nawili ekonomikuri statusis

mixedviT or umsxviles jgufad iyofa: TviTdasaqmebulTa wili 38 procents

Seadgenda, xolo samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleoba - 34 procents.

umuSevarTa wili (Sso-s “mkacri standartiT) ucvleli rCeboda wlis ganmavlobaSi

da 7 procents Seadgenda. saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTagan, 66 procentze meti

muSaobda sabiujeto organizaciebSi, sadac dabali anazRaureba hqondaT da imis gamo

rom am dabal anazRaurebasac arasistematurad iRebdnen, iZulebuli iyo ojaxis

rCenis mizniT sxva, damatebiTi samuSao eZebna. kerZo seqtorSi samuSao adgilebis

umravlesoba, msxvili kompaniebis gamoklebiT, arastabiluri da

dabalanazRaurebadia: savaraudod aseTi samuSao adgilebis umetesoba araformalur

seqtorSia.

formaluri seqtorisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic stagnaciasa da klebas

ganicdis, araformaluri seqtori dinamiuri da mzardia. maSin rodesac, formaluri

seqtori arasakmarisad swrafad izrdeba imisaTvis, rom xelmisawvdomi samuSao Zala

daasaqmos, araformaluri seqtori agrZelebs gafarToebas. vinaidan araformaluri

seqtoris masStabebis gansazRvra Znelia, gansxvavebuli ganmartebebisa da

SezRuduli monacemebis gamo, araformaluri seqtoris masStabebisa da zrdis Sesaxeb

zusti monacemebis mopoveba SeuZlebelia. dResdReobiT, araformaluri seqtori

umTavresad moqmedebs rogorc “post-Sokuri Terapia”, romelic dasaqmebiT

uzrunvelyofs formaluri seqtoridan wamosuli muSakebis did ricxvs da Sromis

bazarze Semsvlelebs. araformaluri seqtori dasaqmebis mTavari wyaroa im

muSakebisTvis, romlebic Sromis bazarze SedarebiT araxelsayrel pirobebSi

imyofebian (magaliTad, arakvalificirebuli, naxevrad kvalificirebuli, pensionerebi

da invalidebi). maSin roca zogjer sakmaod rTulia wminda araformaluri da wminda

formaluri dasaqmebis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna, “araformaluri Sromis bazris”



koncefcia aSkarad dakavSirebulia armonawileobis cnebasTan sagadasaxado da

socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebSi da maregulirebeli moTxovnebis

SeusruleblobasTan. araformalur seqtorSi, Cveulebriv, adamianTa sami tipi

monawileobs: araformaluri seqtoris firmebSi an registrirebul firmebSi

aralegalurad momuSave adamianebi, mcire mewarmeebi da TviTdasaqmebulebi.

praqtikuli dakvirvebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs rom, araformaluri seqtoris saqmianobis

masStabi qalaqebSi, romelzec Cveulebriv qalaqad dasaqmebis mniSvnelovani wili

modis, moicavs vaWrobis, warmoebis, momsaxurebis, mSeneblobisa da transportis

sferoebs.

samuSao adgilebis umravlesoba, gansakuTrebiT qalaqebSi, araformalur

seqtorSi iqmneba. araformaluri ekonomika, romelSic, iseve rogorc mTlian

dasaqmebaSi, Warbobs TviTdasaqmeba, warmodgenilia ZiriTadad araaRricxuli,

araregistrirebuli da mcire-masStabiani saqmianobiT. arasruli dasaqmeba farTodaa

gavrcelebuli. dasaqmebulTa umetesoba dakavebulia Sromis bazris

dabalanazRaurebad da daucvel seqtorebSi da muSaobs cud pirobebSi. stabiluri

xangrZlivi da sruli ganakveTis samuSao adgilebi iSviaTadaa xelmisawvdomi,

rogorc formalur aseve araformalur seqtorSic. faruli da SeniRbuli

umuSevroba farTodaa gavrcelebuli. mzardi xangrZlivi umuSevroba Sedegad iwvevs

samuSao Zalis ricxvis klebas da amitom, umuSevrobis donec areralurad dabalia.

ekonomikuri mdgomareobis maCveneblebi srulad ver asaxaven realuri mdgomareobis

mTel simZimes, vinaidan Sso-s umuSevarTa ricxvis gaangariSebis meTodologia

ugulvelyofs Sromis anazRaurebis odenobas da mis Sesabamisobas saarsebo

minimumTan.

mTavrobis mier, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis daxmarebiT, SemuSavebuli

siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programis proeqti (PREGP)9 Semdeg

mTavar miznebs isaxavs: siRaribis daZleva ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyobis xarjze,

rasac Sedegad mohyveba axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmna; cxovrebis donis amaRleba;

da qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi yvela moqalaqis monawileobis uzrunvelyofa.

siRaribis daZlevis sakiTxis srulad da efeqturad gadaWra, rac PREGP-is mTavar

mizans warmoadgens, SeuZlebelia grZelvadiani perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebis da

axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis gareSe, rac Tavis mxriv, moiTxovs qveynis

sainvesticio klimatis gaumjobesebas da mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebas.

xelfasebi

ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebis Tanaxmad, daqiravebul muSakTa

saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi mTeli qveynis masStabiT 2001 wlis meoTxe

kvartalSi 98 lars Seadgenda. 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, saSualo Tviuri

xelfasi oTxsuliani ojaxis saarsebo minimumis 45 procents Seadgenda.

9 PREGP-is programis SemuSavebis samTavrobo komisiis samdivno amJamad muSaobs PREGP-is programis saboloo dokumentze.



2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi10, sabiujeto organizaciebis11 muSakTa xelfasi

(daqiravebul muSakTa 43 procentze meti) TveSi, saSualod, 58,5 lars Seadgenda.

prezidentis gankargulebis Tanaxmad, 1999 wels, oTxwliani intervalis Semdeg,

minimaluri xelfasis cneba xelaxla iqna SemoRebuli da aRniSnuli kategoriis

daqiravebul muSakTa xelfasebi 20-66 laris farglebSi meryeobds. saxelmwifo

sawarmoebisa da dawesebulebebis muSakTa saSualo Tviuri xelfasebi (daqiravebul

muSakTa 22 procentze meti) 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, 107,4 lars Seadgenda. kerZo

seqtoris muSakTa anazRaureba (muSakTa kidev erTi kategoria, romlis wili TiTqmis

29 procents Seadgens) TveSi saSualod 11 lari iyo. e.w. “sxva kategoriis”

daqiravebul muSakTa (daaxloebiT 3 procenti) saSualo Tviuri xelfasi 106,9 lars

Seadgenda; daqiravebul muSakTa mxolod 2 procentze odnav mets - ucxouri

organizaciebisa da erToblivi sawarmoebis muSakebs - saSualo Tviuri xelfasi

474,4 laris odenobiT hqonda.

yvelaze maRali saSualo Tviuri xelfasebi hqondaT tramnsportisa da

kavSirgabmulobis seqtoris muSakebs (154,4 lari), samSeneblo seqtoris muSakebs

(141,7 lari) da eleqtroenergiis, bunebrivi airisa da wyalmomaragebis seqtoris

muSakebs (131,8 lari). rogorc yovelTvis, yvelaze dabali xelfasebi hqondaT

ganaTlebis (62,3 lari) da jandacvis (59,8 lari) seqtorebis muSakebs. pirveli sami

seqtoris wili, romlebic SedarebiT maRali xelfasebiT xasiaTdeboda, daqiravebul

muSakTa saerTo ricxvis 23,5 procents, xolo danarCeni ori seqtoris wili, sadac

yvelaze dabali xelfasebia, 32,5 procents Seadgenda. xelfasebi im seqtorebSi, sadac

dakavebulia daqiravebul muSakTa danarCeni 44 procenti, meryeobda 84,2-145,3 laris

farglebSi.

saxelmwifo seqtoris muSakTa xelfasebi (daqiravebul muSakTa 65 procenti)

iseve rogorc kerZo seqtoris muSakTa didi nawilisa, kvlavac bevrad Camouvardeba

saarsebo minimums. maSin roca qalaqad, daqiravebiT dasaqmeba SinameurneobaTa

Semosavlis mTavar wyarod rCeba, igi iseTive arastabiluria, rogorc qveynaSi

SinameurneobaTa Semosavlis nebismieri sxva wyaro. xSiria xelfasis gadauxdelobis

SemTxvevebi, rac iwvevs sabiujeto davalianebis dagrovebas. amas emateba isic, rom

inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, xelfasebi izrdeba mxolod nominalur gamosaxulebaSi.

minimaluri saarsebo done

1999 wlis agvistoSi mTavrobis mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba

“gaangariSebis meTodSi cvlilebebis Setanisa da minimaluri saarsebo donis

gaangariSebis Taobaze” da agreTve, prezidentis dadgenilebis proeqti “saarsebo

minimumis gansazRvrisa da gamoyenebis Sesaxeb”. miuxedavad imisa, rom ssd-s saarsebo

minimumis donis gaangariSebis axali meTodi ukve mzad aqvs da qveyndeba rogorc

“alternatiuli” saarsebo minimumi, dResac grZeldeba 90-ian wlebSi SemoRebuli

Zveli meTodis gamoyeneba da misi gamoqveyneba rogorc “oficialuri” minimumi.

marTalia, aRniSnuli meTodebidan romeli ukeT asaxavs realur kalaTas, romelic

uzrunvelyofs mizanSewonil saarsebo minimums, SeiZleba sakamaTo sakiTxia, magram

10 sem-s momzadebis periodSi SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebi 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis xelmisawvdomi ar iyo. 11 sabiujeto organizacia ewodeba saxelmwifo organizacias, romlis dafinanseba saxelmwifo biujetis subsidiebiT xdeba.



naTelia, rom axali “alternatiuli” meTodis safuZvelze gaangariSebuli

minimaluri saarsebo doneebi ufro axlosaa qveyanaSi saSualo xelfasis doneebTan,

anu “oficialuri” done bevrad dabalia. Tu ki 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, Zveli

“oficialuri” meTodis Tanaxmad, saSualo Tviuri xelfasis wili oTxsuliani

ojaxis saarsebo minimumSi 48 procents Seadgenda, axali “alternatiuli” meTodiT

gaangariSebul saarsebo minimumSi es wili 77 procentamde iqneboda. ssd-s

gamokvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom qveynis masStabiT daqiravebul muSakTa

76 procentis anazRaureba, 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis

“alternatiuli” meTodiT gaangariSebul saarsebo minimumze dabali iyo (127,8 lari).

oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis TveSi daaxloebiT 60 aSS dolaris eqvivalenturi TanxiT

Tavis rCena ioli amocana ar aris. Tumca, oTxsuliani ojaxi, sadac mxolod erTi

wevri muSaobs danarCenebi ki mis kmayofaze arian, yvelaze gaWirvebul ojaxTa

kategorias ar miekuTvneba da, Sesabamisad, mas ar ekuTvnis saxelmwifo socialuri

daxmareba (ix. qvemoT), vinaidan am kategoriaSi mosaxvedrad, ojaxi unda Sesdgebodes

mxolod umuSevari pensionerebisgan da/an oboli bavSvebisgan.

cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. –––– 2002 w. II kv. 2002 w. II kv. 2002 w. II kv. 2002 w. II kv.

(lari)

oficialuri saarsebo minimumioficialuri saarsebo minimumioficialuri saarsebo minimumioficialuri saarsebo minimumi alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi*alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi*alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi*alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi* saarsebo minimumi saarsebo minimumi saarsebo minimumi saarsebo minimumi

periodis periodis periodis periodis

bolosTvisbolosTvisbolosTvisbolosTvis

SromisSromisSromisSromis----

unariani unariani unariani unariani

mamakacismamakacismamakacismamakacis----

TvisTvisTvisTvis

saSualo saSualo saSualo saSualo

momxmarebmomxmarebmomxmarebmomxmareb----

lisTvislisTvislisTvislisTvis

oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani

ojaxisTviojaxisTviojaxisTviojaxisTvissss

SromisuSromisuSromisuSromisu----

nariani nariani nariani nariani

mamakacismamakacismamakacismamakacis----

TvisTvisTvisTvis

saSualo saSualo saSualo saSualo

momxmarebmomxmarebmomxmarebmomxmareb----

lisTvislisTvislisTvislisTvis

oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani

ojaxisTvisojaxisTvisojaxisTvisojaxisTvis

2001 w. I kv. 115,8 101,6 201,6 73,8 65,4 123,9

2001 w. II kv. 119,2 104,5 207,3 77,3 68,5 129,6

2001 w. III kv. 113,9 100,0 198,2 74,0 65,5 124,1

2001 w. IV kv. 118,0 103,5 205,2 76,2 67,5 127,8

2002 w. I kv. 124.8 109.5 217.2 79.7 70.5 133.7

2002 w. II kv. 125,4 110,0 218,1 - - -

wyaro: ssd-s yovelTviuri angariSebi

socialuri politika da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema

mosaxleobis udides nawils, araformalur muSakTa, TviTdasaqmebulTa da

umuSevarTa CaTvliT, iseve rogorc maTi ojaxis wevrebs, aranairi socialuri dacva

ar gaaCniaT saerTod da daxmareba, romelsac socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema

iTvaliswinebs, mxolod simboluria. saxelmwifo socialuri dacvis sistema Zireul

restruqturizacias saWiroebs imisaTvis, rom Seiqmnas ekonomikurad

sicocxlisunariani, xelmisawvdomi da Tanabari socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema,

romelic uzrunvelyofs siRaribis warmatebiT daZlevas, da gansakuTrebiT, yvelaze

gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis daxmarebas. araadeqvaturi sapensio daxmarebis pirobebSi,

xandazmul asakSi myofi mosaxleobis siRaribis daZleva metad mniSvnelovania.

amJamad, socialuri politika da reformebi siRaribis daZlevisa da

ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programis erT-erT mTavar prioritets warmoadgens da

mTavrobis mier grZelvadian amocanad aris miCneuli. siRaribis daZlevisa da

ekonomikuri zrdis programis mTavari miznebia siRaribis aRmofxvra ekonomikuri

zrdis xelSewyobis xarjze, rasac Sedegad mohyveba axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmna;

cxovrebis donis amaRleba; da qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi yvela moqalaqis



monawileobis uzrunvelyofa. PREGP-is Tanaxmad, saWiroa mizanmimarTuli

socialuri dacvis meqanizmebis ganviTareba, daucveli mosaxxleobis maqsimalurad

didi ricxvis dasafaravad. PREGP-iT gaTvaliswinebuli sapensio sistemis reforma,

ganxorcielebis procesSia da gamiznulia sadazRvevo principebze dafuZnebuli

qmediTunariani, mraval-safexuriani sapensio sistemis SemoRebaze.

2002 wlis 7 aprilis prezidentis brZanebuleba “saqarTvelos socialuri

ganviTarebis koncefciis realizaciis pirveli rigis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb”

iTvaliswinebs RonisZiebebs, romlebic unda gatardes SromiTi urTierTobebis

daregulirebis, samuSao Zalis efeqturad gamoyenebisa da dasaqmebis mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebis mizniT da aseve, sapensio sistemis gaumjobesebisa da am sferoSi

saxelmwifo programebis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis. aRniSnuli

gankargulebis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis rTuli ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamosworeba

umniSvnelovanes amocanad aris miCneuli.

saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebasaxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebasaxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebasaxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba

2002 wlis 26 martis prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, 2002 wlis

saxelmwifo biujetiT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri daxmareba umweo ojaxebisTvis

gamiznulia gaWirvebul ojaxebze, romlebic Sedgeba “gaWirvebuli aramomuSave

pensionerebisgan”, an obol bavSvebze, Sromisuunaro bavSvebze da invalidebsa da

mravalSvilian ojaxebze, romelTac 7 da meti Svili hyavT. faqtobrivad, es

daxmareba warmoadgens erTgvar damatebas, romelic yvelaze Raribi xandazmuli

mosaxleobis nawilma simbolur pensiebTan erTad unda miiRos da mcireoden bavSvTa

daxmarebas yvelaze Rataki ojaxebisTvis. prezidentis brZanebulis Tanaxmad,

saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba Sesabamisi erTsuliani ojaxisaTvis an TiToeuli

meurveobaSi myofi oboli bavSvisTvis 22 lars, xolo 2 da metwevriani pensioneris

ojaxisaTvis da mravalSviliani ojaxebisaTvis, romelTac minimum 7 Svili hyavT,

35 lars Seadgens.

umuSevrobis SemweobaumuSevrobis SemweobaumuSevrobis SemweobaumuSevrobis Semweoba

2002 wlis 22 aprilis prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, standartuli

Tviuri umuSevrobis Semweoba, romelic registrirebuli umuSevrobis pirveli eqvsi

Tvis manZilze gaicema, gaizarda umuSevrobis meore da mesame ori TvisTvis

Sesabamisad 2 da 3 lariT da dafiqsirda 14 larze umuSevrobis mTeli periodisTvis.

am daxmarebis mimRebTa statusis misaRebad, umuSevarma unda gaiaros registracia da

Sesabamisad, unda iqonios formalur seqtorSi muSaobis damadasturebeli sabuTi.

amis Sedegad, Cveulebriv, im umuSevarTa ricxvi, romelic Tavs iwuxebs registraciis

gavliT, realurze bevrad dabalia da Sesabamisad, daxmarebis mimRebTa ricxvi

umniSvneloa. amJamad, saxelmwifo dasaqmebis samsaxuris reorganizaciis Sedegad

umuSevrebi xelaxal registracias gadian.



sapensio sistemasapensio sistemasapensio sistemasapensio sistema

moqmedi saxelmwifo sapensio sistema, romelic sabWouri warsulis

memkvidreobas warmoadgens, gardamavali ekonomikis pirobebSi, didi xania

araqmediTunariani da gadaxdisuunaroa. fiqsirebuli ganakveTis xandazmulobis

pensia, romelsac pensionerTa umetesoba iRebs, ar iTvaliswinebs arc samuSao staJs

da arc xelfasis odenobas da TveSi 14 lars (daaxloebiT 6 aSS dolars) Seadgens,

erTis mxriv susti stimulia gadasaxadebis gadaxdisTvis da meores mxriv, bevrad

Camouvardeba minimalur saarsebo dones (2002 wlis meore kvartalSi, saSualo

momxmareblis oficialuri saarsebo minimumis daaxloebiT 13 procents Seadgenda).

saxelmwifo sapensio fondi – socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi

(sesf-i), romelic marTavs pay-as-you-go (PAYG)12 sapensio sistemas sapensio asakis

mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis, didi xania mTeli rigi problemebis winaSe dgas. mwiri

sagadasaxado bazis, araformaluri seqtoris didi masStabebis, gadasaxadebis

mudmivad arasrulad Segrovebisa da maTi gadaxdisgan Tavis aridebis pirobebSi,

pensiebis dafinanseba xelfasis dabegvridan Semosuli Tanxis xarjze13 ver xerxdeba

da sistema, ukve ramodenime welia, agrZelebs davalianebis dagrovebas. 2002 wlis

pirveli ivnisis mdgomareobiT, fondis monacemTa Tanaxmad, sesf-is pensiebze

dagrovebuli aqvs vali 103,3 milioni laris odenobiT da aqedan 16 milioni lari -

2002 wlis dasawyisidan.

imis gamo, rom PAYG-is sapensio sistema mTlianad damokidebulia

gadasaxadebis Segrovebis doneze, misi gamarTulad funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebeli

winapirobebis Seqmna iseT viTarebaSi, rodesac sagadasaxado baza klebulobs da

gadasaxadebis Tavidan acileba da maTTvis gverdis avla farTodaa gavrcelebuli,

rTuli amocanaa. damokidebulebis koeficienti14 metismetad dabalia - 1:1,4, rac

daqiravebul muSakTa ricxvis klebisa da ekonomikis araformaluri seqtoris zrdis

amsaxvelia, ris Sedegadac fondSi Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa ricxvi ukiduresad

mcirea. dabali xelfasebi da mimdinare Sesatanebsa da momavalSi misaReb daxmarebebs

Soris kavSiris ararseboba susti stimulia socialuri gadasaxadis gadasaxdelad.

amasTan erTad, xelfasidan gadasaxadis SedarebiT maRali ganakveTi, kanonis

aRsrulebis arasakmarisi done da farTod gavrcelebuli korufcia xels uwyobs

damqiravebelTa mier gadasaxadebisgan Tavis daRwevas. vinaidan amJamad,

gadasaxadebis Segroveba sagadasaxado departamentis kompetencias warmoadgens,

sesf-s ufleba ara aqvs sasamarTloSi Seitanos sarCeli urCi gadamxdelebis

winaaRmdeg. ivnisis mdgomareobiT, fondis winaSe sawarmoTa davalianebis mTliani

odenoba, fondis monacemTa Tanaxmad, 172,6 milion lars Seadgenda, saidanac

89,2 milioni lari socialuri gadasaxadis valis ZiriTadi nawilia, xolo

83,4 milioni lari - davalianebaze daricxuli jarimis Tanxaa. fondis

TanamSromelTa da eqspertTa azriT, romlebmac SeimuSaves winadadebebi 1998-

2002 wlebSi dagrovebuli sapensio davalianebis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT,

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis miRweva SeiZleba valis restruqturizaciis dagegmvisa,

12 ix. ekonomikuri glosariumi. 13 socuzrunvelyofis saxelmwifo erTiani fondis (sesf-is) Semosavals Seadgenen gadasaxadebi muSakTa xelfasebidan: sabiujeto organizaciebisTvis – nominaluri xelfasis 26 procenti, sxva tipis damqiravebeli organizaciebisTvis – 27 procenti, xolo daqiravebuli muSakisTvis – 1 procenti. 14 pensionerTa ricxvis gadamxdelTa ricxvTan procentuli Sefardeba (Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa da daxmarebis mimRebTa procentuli Sefardeba).



valebis Camowerisa da aseve, gadasaxadebis administrirebis gaumjobesebis Sedegad.

sxva winadadebebs Soris, ganixileba aseve fondis mier mevale sawarmoTa mewiled

gaxdomis SesaZlebloba.

moqmedi sapensio sistema ver axerxebs Tavisi mTavari funciis Sesrulebas:

solidarobis Sesatanebis principze dafuZnebulma PAYG-is sapensio sistemam unda

uzrunvelyos pensionerebi sabazo minimaluri pensiebiT. dasabegri saSualo

xelfasis dabali ganakveTis Sedegad PAYG-is universaluri sapensio sistema dRes

dabali Canacvlebis koeficientiT15 xasiaTdeba. pensionerTa umravlesobis saSualo

fiqsirebuli ganakveTis pensia Seadgens daqiravebuli muSakis Tviuri xelfasis

daaxloebiT 15 procents. pensionerTa umetesobas Tavi gaaqvs ojaxis daxmarebiT an

cdilobs iSovos nebismieri samuSao, romelic saarsebo minimums uzrunvelyofs.

SeuZlebelia im ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri Sedegebis

ugulvelyofa, romlebic gamowveulia moqmedi sapensio sistemis krizisiT, radganac

es siRaribis riskis winaSe ayenebs umweo pensionerebs, rasac Semdeg SeiZleba mohyves

socialuri dezintegracia, gamijvna da gariyva.

sapensio sistemis reformasapensio sistemis reformasapensio sistemis reformasapensio sistemis reforma

sapensio sistemis reforma PREGP-is dRis wesrigSi mTavar prioritetebs

Soris dgas. rogorc PREGP-is programaSia aRniSnuli, moqmedi sistema “ver

asrulebs saxelmwifo sapensio sistemis or mTavar amocanas: xandazmulTa Soris

siRaribis donis Semcirebas da asakovani mosaxleobisaTvis moxmarebis saTanado

donis uzrunvelyofas”. programa amtkicebs, rom mTavari mizania axali sapensio

sistemis SemoReba, romelic uzrunvelyofs orive amocanis Sesrulebis Sedegad

mopovebul miRwevaTa dacvas. PREGP programa, socialuri politikis mTavari

mimarTulebebis Sesabamisad gansazRvravs sapensio sistemis reformas, romelic

gamiznuli iqneba finansurad mdgradi Tanamedrove sapensio sistemis formirebaze,

romelic morgebuli iqneba gardamavali ekonomikis cvalebad moTxovnebs.

socuzrunvelyofis erTian saxelmwifo fondSi (sesf) ganxorcielda

mniSvnelovani samuSao, romelic mimarTuli iyo PREGP-is mier dasaxuli miznebis

ganxorcielebaze sapensio reformis dargSi. rigi RonisZiebebisa ukve gatarda, rigi

ki ganxorcielebis procesSia. daxmarebis mimRebTa siebis gadamowmebis Sedegad

ormagi registraciisa da daxmarebis mimRebTa yalbi siebis gauqmebis Semdeg,

aRricxul pensionerTa ricxvi Semcirda daaxloebiT 860,000-mde. momavalSi

gaTvalisiwnebulia registrirebul pensionerTa siebis Semdgomi gadamowmeba da

sabolood, personificirebuli saidentifikacio baraTebis SemoReba.

mravalsafexuriani sistemis SemoRebis xuTwliani programa etapobrivad unda

ganxorcieldes (ix. cxrili 7.3). programis Tanaxmad, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs

gamWvirvale garemos garantirebas sapensio sistemaSi: Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis

SemuSaveba da arsebuli normatiuli aqtebis srulyofa; mimdinare sapensio

gasacemlebis regularuli gadaxdisa da dagrovebuli davalianebis TandaTanobiT

dafarvis uzrunvelyofa; personifikaciis ganxorcieleba da saidentifikacio

15 saSualo pensiis Sefardeba saSualo xelfasTan.



baraTebis SemoReba; da bolos, etapobrivad sadazRvevo principebze da

diferencirebul sapensio sistemaze gadasvlis uzrunvelyofa.

cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli

samsamsamsam----safexuriani sistema, 2001 safexuriani sistema, 2001 safexuriani sistema, 2001 safexuriani sistema, 2001 –––– 2005 ww. 2005 ww. 2005 ww. 2005 ww.

safexurebi daxasiaTeba

I II III

vadebi 2001-2004 ww. 2005 wlidan 2002 wlidan

aRwera savaldebulo savaldebulo nebayoflobiTi

marTvis forma saxelmwifos mier

marTuli

kerZo seqtoris mier

marTuli

kerZo seqtoris mier

marTuli

miznebi gadanawileba plius

dazRveva

dagroveba plius

dazRveva

dagroveba plius

dazRveva

saxeoba SemosavlebiT

gansazRvruli an

winaswar gansazRvruli

minimaluri sapensio

garantia

damsaqmeblis da/an

dasaqmebulis

individualuri

danazogebi

damsaqmeblis da/an

dasaqmebulis

individualuri

danazogebi

dafinanseba gadasaxadebidan

dafinansebuli

marTvadi (regulirebadi),

sruliad dafinansebuli

sruliad dafinansebuli

wyaro: saqarTveloSi siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programa, sadiskusio masala,

saboloo dokumentis proeqti

msoflio bankisa da sxva donori organizaciebis mxardaWeriT, sapensio

reformis programis ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs sapensio sistemis

gadasvlas sadazRvevo principebze, ukve dawyebulia. mTavrobas gansaxilvelad

gadaeca sesf-isa da Sromis, jandacvisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministors

mier, msoflio bankTan konsultaciebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli rigi

kanonproeqtebisa, romlebic uzrunvelyofen sadazRvevo principebze dafuZnebuli,

socialuri sadazRvevo da axali sapensio sistemebis SemoRebisaTvis saWiro

samarTlebriv bazas. aRniSnuli kanonproeqtebi unda gadaeces parlaments

gansaxilvelad da dasamtkiceblad saSemodgomo sesiaze. es kanonproeqtebia:

“savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb”, “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis

Sesaxeb” da “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi individualuri

(personificirebuli) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb”.

2002 wlis 18-20 seqtembers, TbilisSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia

“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, romlis organizatorebi iyvnen

saqarTvelos mTavroba da socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi.

konferenciaSi monawileoba miiRes saerTaSoriso socialuri uzrunvelyofis

asociaciisa da sapensio da socialuri fondebis asociaciis umaRlesi Tanamdebobis

pirebma. konferenciis monawileebma ganixiles sxvadasxva qveynebSi sapensio da

socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebSi mimdinare procesebi, da saqarTveloSi

mimdinare sapensio reforma da zemoT aRniSnuli kanonproeqtebi waredginaT

konferenciis monawileebs. (ix. danarTi I da II.)

reformirebuli socialuri dacvis sistema, sapensio sistemis CaTvliT

dafuZnebuli unda iyos sadazRvevo principebze, rac metad mniSvnelovania

socialurad orientirebuli sazogadoebisaTvis, sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis



pirobebSi. “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb” kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs

socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis gadasvlas sadazRvevo principebze, romelic

safuZvels Seqmnis socialuri dacvis realuri garantiebisTvis. aRniSnuli

kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, socialuri dazRveva universaluri da savaldebulo iqneba;

socialuri dazRvevis saxsrebis ganawileba moxdeba solidarobis principis

safuZvelze; sadazRvevo gasacemlebi diferencirebuli iqneba, sadazRvevo Sesatanis

zomisa da sadazRvevo staJis xangrZlivobis safuZvelze; da sadazRvevo gasacemlebis

gacema garantirebuli iqneba. kanonproeqtiT gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi sadazRvevo

SemTxvevebi: pensia asakis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis da marCenanalis dakargvis

gamo; droebiTi Sromisuunaroba, orsuloba da mSobiaroba; bavSvis movla 1,5 wlamde;

umuSevrobis dazRveva; daxmareba dazRveulis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi

(gardacvlilis ojaxis wevrebisTvis); janmrTelobis reabilitacia; da savaldebulo

samedicino dazRveva.

kanonproeqti mtkiced ganasxvavebs sadazRvevo da saxelmwifo valdebulebebs

rac, savaraudod, sadazRvevo sistemis sicocxlisunarianobis garantias

uzrunvelyofs. socialuri dacvis axali sistemis Tanaxmad, arasadazRvevo

gasacemlebi (magaliTad, saojaxo daxmareba) dafinansdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan.

amJamad, wlis ganmavlobaSi, saxelmwifo biujetidan sesf-Si gadaricxuli Tanxa

Zlivs faravs arasapensio gasacemlebis gadasaxdelad saWiro Tanxis naxevars da

fondi, sxvaobis Sesavsebad, iZulebulia gamoiyenos socialuri gadasaxadis

Semosavlebi, rac Tavis mxriv, iwvevs sapensio davalianebebis zrdas (ufro detaluri

informaciisTvis ix. Tavi 3, gv. 21).

“savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb” kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, kanonis

damtkicebisa da ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebs miiReben:

saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, romlebic dazRveulni iqnebian “savaldebulo socialuri

dazRvevis Sesaxeb” kanonis Sesabamisad, da daakmayofileben kanonSi gaTvaliswinebul

pirobebs, maTi ojaxis Sromisuunaro wevrebi, da saqarTvelos teritoraize mudmivad

mcxovrebi ucxoeli moqalaqeebi da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi. ”savaldebulo

sadazRvevo pensiis Sesaxeb” kanonis AzalaSi Sesvlamde registrirebuli

pensionerebis pensiebi mocemuli kanoniT ar daregulirdeba, garda im SemTxvebisa,

rodesac muSakebi, romlebsac kanonproeqtis ZalaSi Sesvlamde daeniSnebaT

xandazmulobis pensia, gaagrZeleben muSaobas kanonis amoqmedebidan sul mcire

3 wlis ganmavlobaSi. kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiis

sam tips: pensia asakis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis da marCenalis dakargvis gamo.

savaldebulo sadazRvevo asakis pensia daeniSnebaT pirebs, romlebmac sapensio

asaks16 miaRwies da romlebsac minimum 15 wlis samuSao da/an sadazRvevo staJi

eqnebaT, da Sesdgeba sabaziso nawilisgan da sadazRvevo (dagrovebiTi) nawilisgan17.

kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensia dafinansdeba

mzRvevelis (socialuri dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo samsaxuris, anu sapensio

fondis) biujetidan, romelic Seiqmneba mzRvevelis biujetSi dazRveulebisa da

16 dRes sapensio asaki qalebisTvis 60 wels, xolo mamakacebisTvis 65 wels Seadgens. kanonproeqti “savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb” iTvaliswinebs qalebisaTvis sapensio asakis gazrdas 65 wlamde. erTis mxriv, es xels Seuwyobs Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa ricxvis zrdas, da meores mxriv, qalebsa da mamakacebs samuSaos gagrZelebis Tanabari uflebebi eqnebaT. 17 dagrovebiTi Sesatanebis sqemebi winaswar gansazRvraven Sesatanis odenobas, xolo daxmarebis odenoba damokidebuli iqneba dagrovili Sesatanebis odenobaze (da investiciebis ukugebis koeficientze).



damzrvevebis mier gadaxdili savaldebulo Sesatanebis xarjze. individualur

(personificirebul) angariSze dagrovili sapensio kapitalis gaangariSeba moxdeba

mzRvevelis biujetSi gadaxdili savaldebulo sadazRvevo Sesatanebis safuZvelze.

savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiis sadazRvevo (dagrovebiTi) nawili dazRveulebs

pirobiT-dagrovebiT individualur angariSebze akumulirebuli Tanxis safuZvelze

daeniSnebaT. saxelmwifo aiRebs subsidiur pasuxismgeblobas dazRveul pirTa mimarT

mzRvevelis – socialuri dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo samsaxuris (saxelmwifo

sapensio fondi) - valdebulebebze.

“savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb” da “savaldebulo sadazRvevo

pensiebis Sesaxeb” kanonproeqtebis Tanaxmad, sapensio dazRvevis tarifi Seadgens

28 procents, romlis 27 procents ixdis damqiravebeli (damzRvevi), 1 procents ki

dasaqmebuli (dazRveuli). TviTdasaqmebulebisTvis (TviTdamzRvevi) dawesebuli

tarifi Seadgens 14 procents. tarifi Semdegnairad ganawildeba: 20 procenti

(28 procentis tarifidan) gaTvaliswinebulia pensiis ZiriTadi nawilis

dasafinanseblad (romelic unda dafinansdes PAYG-is (pay-as-you-go) principis

Sesabamisad) da 8 procenti (rogorc 28 procentis, aseve 14 procentiani tarifebidan)

– savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiis sadazRvevo (dagrovebiTi) nawilis

dasafinanseblad (PAYE-is (pay-as-you-earn) principis Sesabamisad). sul socialuri

gadasaxadi Seadgens 33 procents, romlis 31 procents ixdis damqiravebeli

(27 procenti – socialuri dazRvevis Sesatani, 3 procenti – samedicino dazRvevis

Sesatani da 1 procenti dasaqmebis fondis Sesatani), xolo 2 procents muSaki

(1 procenti – socialuri dazRvevis Sesatani da 1 procenti – samedicino dazRvevis

Sesatani).

pirebs, romelTac ekuTvniT savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensia, ufleba ar

eqnebaT miiRon pensia muSaobis periodSi, romlis ganmavlobaSic maTi sadazRvevo

Sesatanis odenoba, romelic daqiravebiT dasaqmebaSi dakavebuli pensioneris

damqiraveblis (damzRvevis) an TviTdasaqmebuli pensioneris (TviTdamzRvevis) mier

unda iqnes gadaxdili, 28-dan 8 procentamde iqneba Semcirebuli.

socialuri reformis programis nawilis saxiT, SemuSavda personificirebuli

aRricxvis SemoRebis samsafexuriani programis proeqti. “saqarTvelos Sromisunarian

moqalaqeTa registraciisa da individualuri (personificirebuli) aRricxvis wesis

damtkicebis Sesaxeb” prezidentis brZanebulebis proeqti mzadaa da savaraudod,

xeli moewereba 2002 wlis bolosTvis.

imisaTvis, rom sadazRvevo principebze dafuZnebuli saxelmwifo socialuri

dacvis axali sistema warmatebiT iqnes Camoyalibebuli, aucilebelia daxvewili da

gamarTulad momuSave aRricxvianobis da saregistracio sistemis SemoReba.

kanonproeqtma “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi individualuri

(personificirebuli) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb”

unda uzrunvelyos samarTlebrivi baza socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemaSi

individualur angariSebze dafuZnebuli sadazRvevo principebis SemoReba.

sayovelTao individualuri registracia xels Seuwyobs sadazRvevo Sesatanebis

bazis gafarToebas da, Sesabamisad, ekonomikis araformaluri seqtoris legalizebas

(vinaidan gaizrdeba Semosavlebis aRricxvis stimulebi), Sesatanis gadaxdis

stimulirebis gziT, romelic, moqmedi socialuri gadasaxadisgan gansxvavebiT,



pirdapir iqneba dakavSirebuli momaval gasacemlebTan. mosalodnelia, rom msoflio

banki gamoyofs 1,5 milion aSS dolars, romelic unda moxmardes individualuri

registraciis SemoRebas da fondis aRWurvas individualuri angariSebis marTvis

avtomatizebuli sistemiT.

im droisaTvis, rodesac axali sapensio sistema iqneba SemoRebuli, fondi

unda gaerTiandes saxelmwifo samedicino sadazRvevo kompaniasTan. Socialuri

dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo kompania awarmoebs socialuri Sesatanis Segrovebas18,

romelic Seicavs socialuri dazRvevis Sesatans (28 procenti), samedicino dazRvevis

Sesatans (4 procenti) da dasaqmebis fondis Sesatans (1 procenti). fondis

mmarTvelobas miaCnia, rom rodesac socialuri Sesatanis amoRebis funqcia Tavad

fondis mier ganxorcieldeba, fondSi gadasaricxi amonagebi Tanxebis odenoba

gaizrdeba, radganac fondi SesZlebs imuSaos sagadasaxado bazis gafarToebisa da

gadasaxadebis administrirebis gaZlierebaze da, aRmoifxvreba socialuri

gadasaxadiT sxva sagadasaxado Semosavlebis SegrovebaSi arsebuli deficitis

Sevsebis SesaZlebloba. fondis winadadebebi 1998-2000 wlebSi dagrovebuli sapensio

davalianebis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT, ganixilaven fiqsirebuli gadasaxadis

dawesebas TviTdasaqmebulTa da fermerebisaTvis, rogorc sagadasaxado bazis

gafarToebis saSualebas.

mravalsafexurianma sapensio sistemam unda uzrunvelyos SesaZleblobaTa

nairsaxeoba da arCevanis gakeTebis ufleba maTTvis, visac SesaZlebloba aqvs

izrunos momaval pensiebze, personaluri pasuxismgeblobis zrdasTan da

investiciebis gansaxorcileblad saWiro danazogebis fondis SeqmnasTan erTad.

Tumca, sistemis SemoRebasa da gamarTuli muSaobis uzrunvelyofas dasWirdeba dro,

Zalisxmeva da investiciebi. reformis warmateba didwilad damokidebuli iqneba

qveyanaSi saerTo ekonomikur situaciaze da ekonomikuri zrdis tempze, iseve rogorc

sakanonmdeblo reformebis procesis ganviTarebaze. dResdReobiT, kerZo sapensio

sqemebSi monawileobis SesaZlebloba mosaxleobis mxolod mcire nawils Tu eqneba.

Tumca, maT, visac amis survili da SesaZlebloba gaaCnia, ukve SeuZlia izrunos

kerZo pensiaze19. saqarTvelos pirobebSi, sadac amJamad, SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebi

ukiduresad dabalia, kerZo sapensio sistema ver Secvlis universalur socialur

sadazRvevo sistemas da mxolod da mxolod arCevans sTavazobs maT, visac

SesaZlebloba aqvs gaakeTos danazogebi ufro maRali sapensio SemosavlisaTvis.

sapensio reformis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, saxelmwifo sapensio sistemam unda

uzrunvelyos pensiis mimRebTaTvis savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensia, da, damatebis

saxiT nebayoflobiTi kerZo sapensio sqemebSi miRebis SesaZlebloba. Tumca, vidre es

moxdeba, socialuri gadasaxadis Segrovebisa da gadasaxadebis gadaxdis donis

gaumjobeseba, sagadasaxado bazis gafarToeba da sapensio davalianebebis gadaxda

yvelaze mniSvnelovan amocanebad rCeba uaxloesi momavlisaTvis.

18 1998 wels, fondis es funqcia sagadasaxado inspeqcias gadaeca. 19 kanoni “arasaxelmwifo sapensio dazRvevis Sesaxeb” SemoRebul iqna 1998 wels. 2001 wlis maisSi daarsebuli kompania “saqarTvelos sapensio sainvesticio holdingi” (GPIH), moqmed universalur PAYG-is sapensio sistemasTan erTad, mosaxleobas aseve nebayoflobiT kerZo sapensio dazRvevas sTavazobs.




evrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programaevrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programaevrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programaevrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programa

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali

evropis socialurma politikam mTavari roli iTamaSa evropis ekonomikuri simZlavris

CamoyalibebaSi, unikaluri socialuri modelis ganviTarebiT. es modeli moqnili da

dinamiuri aRmoCnda, bolo ramodenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi, evropis ekonomikasa da

sazogadoebaSi swrafad ganviTarebad movlenebze reagirebis TvalsazrisiT.

lisabonis evropulma sabWom gansazRvra mTeli rigi axali amocanebisa, romlebmac

unda Sesruldes, imisaTvis rom evropas hqondes “msoflioSi yvelaze konkurentunariani

da dinamiuri, codnaze dafuZnebuli ekonomika, romelsac eqneba mdgradi ekonomikuri

zrdis unari ufro meti da ukeTesi samuSao adgilebiT da ufro maRali sicialuri

erTianoba”.

socialuri politikis programa, lisabonSi gansazRvruli ekonomikuri da

socialuri ganaxlebis miRwevisadmi evropis kompleqsuri midgomis nawilia. kerZod, igi

gamiznulia ekonomikuri, dasaqmebisa da socialuri politikis pozitiuri da dinamiuri

urTierTqmedebis uzrunvelyofasa da iseTi politikuri SeTanxmebis miRwevaze, romelic

mobilizebas gaukeTebs yvela wamyvan wevr qveyanas, raTa maT erToblivad imuSaon axali

strategiuli miznis ganxorcielebaze.

momavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebimomavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebimomavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebimomavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebi

dasaqmebadasaqmebadasaqmebadasaqmeba

evrokavSirma mniSvnelovan winsvlas miaRwia ekonomikuri safuZvlebis gamyarebisa

da samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, umuSevrobis done jer-jerobiT

kvlav maRali rCeba. amJamad, evropis samuSao Zalis 9 procentamde umeSevaria. dasaqmebis

saSualo done, 1999 wels, mxolod 62 procenti iyo.

saqmianobis konkretul sferoebSi, magaliTad momsaxurebis seqtorSi, dasaqmeba

kvlavac SedarebiT dabalia. monawileobis done qalebsa da mosaxleobis konretul

jgufebSi (xandazmmulebi da invalidebi) Zalian dabalia. lisabonis evropul sabWoze,

evrokomisiam mkafiod gansazRvra evropis dasaqmebis deficitis mTavari maxasiaTeblebi:

- sxvaoba momsaxurebis seqtorSi – evrokavSirs, momsaxurebis seqtorSi bevrad

ufro dabali done aqvs, vidre SeerTebul Statebs.

- genderuli sxvaoba – evrokavSirSi dasaqmebulia qalTa raodenobis naxevari,

SeerTebul StatebSi ki ori mesamedi.

- asakobrivi sxvaoba – 55-65 wlis asakobriv jgufSi dasaqmebis done Zalian

dabalia.

- sxvaoba kvalifikaciaSi – evrokavSirSi, miwodebuli samuSao Zalis

kvalifikaciis done kvalifikaciis moTxovnebs ar Seesabameba. es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia

sainformacio teqnologiebis dargSi, evropis mTel teritoriaze.

- struqturuli xasiaTis xangrZlivi umuSevroba – maTi umetesoba, visac

samuSao ar gaaCniaT, weliwadze metia umuSevrebi arian.

- mkveTri regionuli sxvaobebi, rogorc evropaSi aseve wevr qveynebSi –

evrokavSiris farglebSi umuSevrobis maRali done fiqsirdeba aRmosavleT germaniaSi,

safrangeTSi, samxreT italiaSi, espaneTsa da saberZneTSi. umuSevroba yvelaze maRal

dones aRwevs konkretul, naklebad ganviTarebul regionebSi, Soreul regionebsa da

samrewvelo raionebSi, romlebic kriziss ganicdian.



bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, evropis dasaqmebis strategia aRmoCnda efeqturi

instrumenti struqturuli reformebis gansaxorcieleblad erovnul Sromis bazrebze.

aRniSnuli strategiis gaZlierebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eqneba meti da ukeTesi samuSao

adgilebis SeqmnisaTvis. rogorc zogierTi wevri qveynis magaliTi cxadyofs, dasaqmebis

doneebis matebasTan erTad, iseTi samuSao Zalis miwodeba, romelic bazris mier

moTxovnil standartebs aRwevs, gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas iZens mdgradi ekonomikuri

ganviTarebisa da arainflaciuri zrdisaTvis.

socialuri mdgomareobasocialuri mdgomareobasocialuri mdgomareobasocialuri mdgomareoba

erTis mxriv, unda vaRiaroT wevri qveynebis socialuri sistemis mniSvnelovani

roli erTiani sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi, magram amJamad, isini dganan iseTi

mniSvnelovani saerTo amocanebis winaSe, rogoricaa saqmianobis sferos cvalebadoba,

axali saojaxo struqturebi, mudmivi genderul uTanabrobebi, demografiuli cvlilebebi

da codnaze dafuZnebuli ekonomikis moTxovnebTan adaptirebis saWiroeba. ufro

grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, demografiuli cvlilebebi Zlier zegavlenas moaxdens Sromis

bazrisa da samuSao Zalis miwodebis struqturaze da mZimed daawveba sapensio da

jandacvis sistemebs. es moiTxovs imigraciis rolis gaazrebas, aRniSnul tendenciebTan

brZolis strategiis nawilisa. socialuri dacvis sistemebis SemoRebisa da modernizebis

warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi, umuSevrobis, siRaribisa da socialuri gariyvis riski kidev

ufro gaizrdeba.

socialuri dacvis sistemebis modernizacia mniSvnelovania codnaze dafuZnebul

ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesis gamyarebisa da sazogadoebaSi axal moTxovnilebaTa

uzrunvelyofisaTvis. marTalia, socialuri dacva wevri qveynebis kompetenciaa, magram

meores mxriv, TanamSromloba evropul doneze xels Seuwyobs erToblivi ZalisxmeviT

sxvadasxva socialuri dacvis sistemebis modernizaciasa da gaumjobesebis amocanebis

misaRwevad saukeTeso gzebis gansazRvras.

amJamad, mTavari amocanaa, socialur gariyvasTan brZolis programidan iseT

programaze gadasvla, romelic uzrunvelyofs socialuri erTianobis donis amaRlebas da

am tendenciis gaTvaliswinebas yvela politikuri kursis SemuSavebisas.

umuSevroba - siRaribis erTaderTi, umniSvnelovanesi mizezia. sami

aradasaqmebulidan, ori siRaribis riskis winaSe dgas. amitomac, socialuri gariyvisagan

saukeTeso dacvas warmoadgens dasaqmeba. Tumca, mxolod dasaqmeba yvela problemas ver

gadaWris.

dasaqmebis doneebis Sedareba siRaribis doneebTan20 gviCvenebs, rom siRaribe

SeiZleba SedarebiT farTod iyos gavrcelebuli zogierT iseT wevr qveyanaSic, sadac

dasaqmebis done maRalia. dasaqmebis doneebis amaRleba da umuSevrobis Semcireba

mniSvnelovanwilad Seamcirebda siRaribesa da socialuri gariyvis SemTxvevebs,

gansakuTrebiT im wevr qveynebSi, romelTac amJamad dabali dasaqmebis doneebi aqvT. am

mxriv, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis gamaxvileba maTze, vinc Sromis bazris zRurblze

imyofeba. es gulisxmobs investirebas adamianur resursebSi, maTi dasaqmebis

SesaZleblobis gazrdis mizniT da Sromis bazarze SesvlisaTvis barierebis Semcirebas.

am problemebTan dapirispireba moiTxovs mravali aspeqtis momcveli politikis

ganxorcielebas, romelic gascdeba Sromis bazris sakiTxebs da, romelic gamiznuli

iqneba socialuri erTianobisa da monawileobis koeficientis amaRlebaze.

20 siRaribis doneebi aq ganisazRvreba rogorc Sesabamisi qveynis medianuri Sinameurneobis Semosavlis 60 procenti (evrostatis standarti). am maCveneblebis gaumjobesebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier siRaribis daZlevis amocanis gadawyvetaSi.



evrokavSiris gafarToebaevrokavSiris gafarToebaevrokavSiris gafarToebaevrokavSiris gafarToeba

evrokavSirSi gawevrianebisaTvis, kandidati qveynebi miznad isaxaven maTi ekonomikis,

sazogadoebisa da socialuri sistemebis ganviTarebas wevri qveynebis analogiurad. maTi

mizania cxovrebis donisa da socialuri standartebis amaRleba da ekonomikuri da

dasaqmebis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi. evrokavSirSi

gawevrianebisaTvis momzadeba niSnavs, rom qveynebi ukve imyofebian farTo samarTlebrivi

normebisa da wesebis SemoRebis procesSi, ramac unda uzrunvelyos Sesabamisoba

evrokavSiris socialur kriteriumebTan evrokavSirSi gaerTianebis momentisaTvis.

kandidati qveynebi ara mxolod didi amocanebis winaSe dganan TavianTi sistemebis

gardaqmnisa da siaxleTa SemoRebis procesSi, aseve bevr iseT problemas upirispirdebian,

romlebic evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier wydeba.

internacionalizaciainternacionalizaciainternacionalizaciainternacionalizacia

internacionalizacia da globalizacia cvalebadi finansuri, ekonomikuri da

savaWro pirobebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebia evropisa da misi socialuri sistemebisaTvis.

cvlileba ar gulisxmobs socialuri miznebis mitovebas. piriqiT, igi aZlierebs

socialuri investirebisaTvis ekonomikur saWiroebas kargad SemuSavebuli socialuri

politikis meSveobiT. ufro metad vidre odesme, evropis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba

damokidebuli iqneba misi xalxis mwarmoeblur da inovaciur potencialze. samuSao Zalis

codna-gamocdileba da adaptirebis unari Zlier zegavlenas iqoniebs codnaSi

investirebaze, damatebuli Rirebulebis Seqmnaze, ekonomikuri aqtivobis gazrdasa da

sirTuleebis daZlevaze.

wyaro: evrokomisiis mimarTva, evrosabWos, evroparlamentis, ekonomikuri da socialuri

komitetis da, regionaluri komitetisadmi. socialuri politikis programa. briuseli,

28.6.2000 w. COM (2000), 379 saboloo dokumenti. evrogaerTianebebis komisia

Tavi merve. saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi


saqarTvelos savaWro urTierTobebi evrokavSirTan

2002 wlis pirveli eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo-evrokavSirs Soris

vaWroba 5.5 procentiT Semcirda wina wlis igive periodTan SedarebiT. mimdinare

wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos eqsporti evrokavSiris bazrebze daaxloebiT igive

iyo, rac wina wlis pirvel eqvs TveSi, xolo importi Semcirda 7,1 procentiT.

cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 ---- 2002 ww. 2002 ww. 2002 ww. 2002 ww.

(aTasi aSS dolari)

weliweliweliweli brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti balansibalansibalansibalansi 2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax. 119,665 29,318 90,347 -61,029

2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax. 126,702 29,663 97, 039 -67,376 wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saqarTvelos evrokavSiris yvela wevr qveyanasTan

gaaCnda uaryofiTi savaWro balansi, gaerTianebuli samefos garda. germania,

gaerTianebuli samefo da italia kvlavac rCebian saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze msxvil

savaWro partniorebad. saqarTvelosa da am sam qveyanas Soris savaWro brunva

saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan mTliani savaWro brunvis 64,9 procents Seadgens.

cxrili 8.cxrili 8.cxrili 8.cxrili 8.2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 –––– 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax.

(aTasi aSS dolari) 2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.

qveyanaqveyanaqveyanaqveyana brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti balansibalansibalansibalansi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti balansibalansibalansibalansi

avstriaavstriaavstriaavstria

6,127 6,035 92 -5,943 6,575 6,081 495 -5,586

belgiabelgiabelgiabelgia 4,234 3,232 1,002 -2,230 10,450 3,875 6,575 -2,700

daniadaniadaniadania 4,006 3,706 300 -3,406 2,794 2,459 335 -2,124

safrangeTisafrangeTisafrangeTisafrangeTi 7,282 6,111 1,171 -4,940 10,530 10,334 196 -10,138

germaniagermaniagermaniagermania 30,203 27,730 2,474 -25,256 38,810 34,806 4,004 -30,802

saberZneTisaberZneTisaberZneTisaberZneTi 6,586 4,387 2,199 -2,188 3,354 1,772 1,582 -190

irlandiairlandiairlandiairlandia 316 244 72 -172 646 646 - -646

italiaitaliaitaliaitalia 21,114 17,517 3,598 -13,919 14,372 8,917 5,455 -3,462

luqsemburgiluqsemburgiluqsemburgiluqsemburgi 83 83 - -83 112 112 - -112

niderlandebiniderlandebiniderlandebiniderlandebi 7,715 5,581 2,134 -3,447 7,059 4,555 2,504 -2,051

portugaliaportugaliaportugaliaportugalia 355 333 21 -312 644 568 76 -492

fineTifineTifineTifineTi 1,115 1,115 - -1,115 8,365 8,365 - -8,365

espaneTiespaneTiespaneTiespaneTi 1,352 981 371 -610 1,726 847 879 32

SvedeTiSvedeTiSvedeTiSvedeTi 2,817 2,805 12 -2,793 1,704 993 710 -283 gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli samefosamefosamefosamefo 26,361 10,488 15,873 5,385 19,562 12,710 6,852 -5,857

sulsulsulsull 119,665119,665119,665119,665 29,31829,31829,31829,318 90,34790,34790,34790,347 ----61,029 61,029 61,029 61,029 126,702126,702126,702126,702 29,66329,66329,66329,663 97,03997,03997,03997,039 ----67,37667,37667,37667,376 wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti

saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi


evrokavSiris daxmareba saqarTvelosTvis: sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa1.

evrokavSiris programebs Soris sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programas erT-erTi

ZiriTadi adgili ukavia. am programis mizania biujetis Sesabamisi muxlebis

dafinansebiT mxari dauWiros soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTarebas beneficiar

qveynebSi.

evrokavSirSi soflis meurneoba warmoadgens seqtors, romelis wilad modis

mSp-s mxolod 2,5 procenti da 5,7 procenti evrokavSiris mTlian dasaqmebaSi, magram

evrokavSiris politikis umniSvnelovanes nawils warmoadgens. evrokavSiri saerTo

sasoflo-sameurneo politikis (CAP) saSualebiT, anxorcielebs soflis

meurneobasTan dakavSirebul movaleobebs politikis Seqmnisa da gadawyvetilebis

miRebis TvalsazrisiT. sasoflo-sameurneo seqtori evrokavSiris dafinansebis

ZiriTadi mimRebia da sxva ekonomikur seqtorebTan SedarebiT yvelaze meti

administraciuli organoebi gaaCnia (evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo

politikis Sesaxeb informacia ixileT qvemoT).

evrokavSirma sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa 1996 wels daafuZna,

1292/95 reglamentis safuZvelze. es reglamenti moicavs sasursaTo daxmarebis

politikisa da menejmentis, aseve sasursaTo usafrxoebis specifiuri daxmarebis

sakiTxebs. sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programis reglamenti gansazRvravs sam ZiriTad

mimarTulebas. esenia: myari partnioruli urTierTobebi beneficiar qveynebTan,

Sesabamisi reagirebis moxdena sasursaTo usafrTxoebis meryeobis SemTxvevaSi da

TanamSromlobis ganviTareba integraciis politikis gatarebiT.

myari partnioruli urTierTobebi beneficiar qveynebTan gulisxmobs

evrokavSirisa da beneficiari qveynis erTobliv pasuxismgeblobas soflis

meurneobis sferoSi gatarebul RonisZiebebze. ufro konkretulad es

pasuxismgeblobebi asaxuli unda iyos beneficiari qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis

politikaSi, romlis mizania transparentulobisa da efeqturobis ganmtkiceba.

Sesabamisi reagirebis moxdena sasursaTo usafrTxoebis meryeobis SemTxvevaSi

gulisxmobs beneficiar qveyanaSi Sesabamisi zomebis gatarebas sasursaTo krizisis

Tavidan acilebis mizniT da es politika ar aris mimarTuli krizisis Semdeg

gaCenili Sedegebis aRmosafxvrelad.

TanamSromlobis ganviTarebaSi integraciis politika gulisxmobs

adgilobrivi resursebis efeqturad gamoyenebas da ucxoel partniorebTan

koordinirebul TanamSromlobas, rac xels uwyobs myari da stabiluri ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis Camoyalibebas beneficiar qveynebSi.

sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa evrokavSiris erTiani TanamSromlobis

politikaSi aris integrirebuli. es programa soflis meuneobis dargTan erTad aseve

moicavs iseT sferoebsac, rogoricaa siRaribis daZleva, garemos dacva, transporti

da kerZo seqtoris xelSewyoba.

1 merve Tavis am nawilSi gamoyenebulia evrokomisiis masalebi.



sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programis koordinirebas axdens evrokavSiri

ucxoel partniorebTan da donorebTan erTad.

sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa saqarTveloSi 1996 wels daiwyo. am

programis ZiriTadi mizania mxari dauWiros soflis meurneobis seqtoris

ganviTarebas, samelioracio sistemebis reabilitacias, veterinariis sferos

ganviTarebas da mcenareTa dacvas.

1996 wels saqarTvelom am programis egidiT evrokavSiridan 18 milioni evro

miiRo. Semdeg wels, evrokavSirma saqarTvelosTvis kidev 16 milioni evros gamoyofis

gadawyvetileba miiRo, mxolod am Tanxis misaRebad saqarTvelos mTavrobas

garkveuli ekonomikuri pirobebi unda Seesrulebina.

1998 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobam ver moaxerxa am pirobebis Sesruleba da

evrokavSirma miiRo gadawyvetileba zemoxsenebuli Tanxis gadmoricxvis gadavadebis

Taobaze. evrokavSiris pirobebis Seusruleblobis ZiriTadi mizezebi iyo biujetis

xarjviTi nawilis politika, aseve darRvevebi privatizaciis procesSi da

dabrkolebebi sagadasaxado politikis gatarebaSi.

es situacia kidev ufro gamwvavda mas Semdeg, rac saqarTveloSi finansuri

krizisi ganviTarda. am periodSi qveynis sabiujeto deficiti mniSvnel;ovnad

gaizarda da evrokavSiris moTxovnebis Sesruleba kidev ufro garTulda.

miuxedavad am faqtisa, 1998 wlis bolos evrokavSirma gamoTqva mzadyofna

6 milioni evros gadmoricxvis Taobaze.

1999 wlis meore naxevridan 2000 wlis bolomde saqarTvelos xelisuflebas

problemebi gauCnda saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan urTierTobaSi. am problemebis

ZiriTadi mizezi iyo mxareebs Soris SeuTanxmebloba reformebis politikaze. swored

am mizezis gamo zemoT aRniSnuli periodis ganmavlobaSi evrokavSirma saqarTvelos

Seuwyvita sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa, ris Sedegadac saqarTvelom dakarga

14 milioni evro.

2001 wels evrokavSirma ganaaxla sasurTo programa da saqarTvelom am erTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi miiRo 12 milioni evro. aRsaniSnavia is faqti rom, 2001 wels

evrokavSirma am programis nawilobrivi reorientacia moaxdina da es programa aseve

mimarTuli iqna siRaribis daZlevis politikis xelSewyobisaken.

evrokavSirma gadawyvita 2002-2003 wlebSi gaagrZelos sasursaTo usafrTxoebis

programa saqarTveloSi. am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo miiRebs 25 milion

evros, rac ZiriTadad moxmardeba soflis meurneobis sabiujeto seqtors da

socialur sferos.




evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politika ( ( ( (CAP))))

soflis meurneoba evrokavSirisTvis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes seqtors warmoadgens. am

seqtorisadmi gansakuTrebul yuradReba jer kidev romis xelSekrulebis ganxilvis dros iqna

gamaxvilebuli.

swored romis xelSekruleba ayalibebs evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo

politikis zogad miznebs, romelic SeTanxmebuli iyo 1958 wlis ivlisSi. 1960 wels saerTo

sasoflo-sameurneo politikis meqanizmebi miRebul iqna evrokavSiris damaarsebeli eqvsi

qveynis mier da ori wlis Semdeg, 1962, wels es SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida.

evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politika Sedgeba wesebisa da

meqanizmebisagan, romlebic aregulireben warmoebas, vaWrobas da soflis meurneobis

produqciis gadamuSavebas evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi.

evrokavSiris mier aRiarebul prioritetebs Soris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo

politika erT-erTi umTavresia da ara mxolod imitom rom, am dargze evrokavSiris biujetis

danaxarjebis didi nawili modis (daaxloebiT 50 procenti) da am seqtorSi dasaqmebulia

uamravi adamiani, aramed imitomac rom, am sferoSi mniSvnelovani politikuri

gadawyvetilebebis miReba xdeba ara erovnul, aramed saerTo evropul doneze.

evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politikis miznebi Cawerilia evrokavSiris

xelSekrulebis 33-e muxlSi. es miznebia:

• sasoflo-sameuneo warmoebis gazrda teqnikuri progresis ganviTarebisa da erovnuli

warmoebis ganviTarebis meSveobiT;

• bazrebis stabilizacia;

• momxmareblisaTvis produqciis miwodebis uzrunvelyofa;

• momxmareblisaTvis produqciis miwodeba mizanSewonil fasebSi.

am miznebis misaRwevad evrokavSiris xelSekrulebis 34-e muxli ayalibebs sasoflo-

sameurneo bazris erTian marTvis sistemas, romelic produqciis saxeobis mixedviT iRebs

Semdeg formebs:

• konkurenciis saerTo wesebi;

• sxvadasxva erovnuli bazrebis savaldebulo koordinacia;

• evropuli bazris organizeba.

dReisaTvis sasoflo-sameureno bazris erTiani organizacia moicavs soflis meurneobis

yvela produqts. sasoflo-sameureno bazris erTiani organizacia soflis meurneobis bazaris

ZiriTad instruments warmoadgens, radgan is xels uwyobs evrokavSiris bazarze soflis

meurneobis produqtebiT vaWrobis ganviTarebas da mesame qveynebisaTvis inarCunebs saerTo

satarifo barierebs.



saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo bazars gaaCnia sami ZiriTadi principi:

• gaerTianebuli bazari: rac gulisxmobs soflis meurneobis produqtebis

Tavisuflad gadaadgilebas evrokavSiris mTel teritoriaze;

• evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis upiratesoba: rac gulisxmobs evrokavSiris wevr

qveynebSi warmoebul sasolo-sameurneo produqciis upiratesobas importul

produqciaze, rac Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs rogorc fasebis dawesebis politikas,

aseve Sida bazris dacvas mesame qveynebidan Semotanili iaffasiani produqciisagan;

• finansuri solidaroba: rac gulisxmobs saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politikasTan

dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis evrokavSiris biujetidan anazRaurebas.

.

evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politika finansdeba evropis soflis

meurneobis marTvisa da sagarantio fondidan (The European Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF)). es fondi Seiqmna 1962 wels, xolo 1964-Si daiyo or damoukidebel seqtorad:

• marTvis seqtorad, romelic ZiriTadad xels uwyobs da afinansebs soflis

meurneobis sferoSi struqturuli reformebis ganxorcielebas; da

• sagarantio seqtorad, romelic afinansebs soflis meurneobis erTiani bazris

organizebis saqminobas.

evrokavSiris gafarToebis Semdeg mosalodnelia rom soflis meurneobis seqtorSi

momuSave adamianebis ricxvi orjer gaizrdeba, aseve Sida bazars daaxloebiT 100 milioni

momxmarebeli daemateba. aqve aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtic, rom evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis

kandidati qveynebis umravlesobisaTis evrokavSiri soflis meurneobis seqtorSi umTavres

savaWro partniors warmoadgens.

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi evrokavSirma gaaZliera Tavisi mxardaWera kandidati

qveynebis restruqturizaciis procesebisadmi da am mizniT SemoiRo gawevrianebis-wina (pre-accession) instrumentebi. soflis meurneobis sferoSi aseTi instrumentia evrokavSiris

daxmareba SAPARD-i (Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development). es daxmareba miznad isaxavs centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis soflis meurneobis seqtoris

ganviTarebas da misi wliuri biujeti Seadgens 520 milion evros 2000-2006 wlebis

ganmavlobaSi.

wyaro: evrokomisia

kalendari


2002 weli

ianvari

4444 kontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolakontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolakontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolakontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZola/ saxelmwifo ministris - avTandil

jorbenaZis gadawyvetilebiT, Seiqmna kontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolis

damoukidebeli komisia. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian sami

saxelmwifo mrCeveli da ekonomikis seqtoris ministrTa moadgileebi.

komisiis mizania qveyanaSi kontrabanduli saqonlis importis

aRmofxvraze mimarTuli RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba.

14141414 energetikaenergetikaenergetikaenergetika/ saTbob energetikis ministri - daviT mircxulava

energetikis sferoSi saerTaSoriso sabWos wevri gaxda. es organizacia

ukve 95 welia rac arsebobs da masSi gawevrianebulia 90 qveyana.

21212121 biznesibiznesibiznesibiznesi/ gaimarTa saqarTvelos biznesmenTa konfederaciis

damfuZnebeli sxdoma. konfederaciis SemadgenlobaSi arian

gadamxdelTa kavSiri, saqarTvelos sainvesticio fondi, vaWrobis

saerTaSoriso palata da amerikis savaWro palata (Amcham-i).

konfederaciis Tavmjdomared arCeul iqna b-ni niko lekiSvili.

31313131 saxelmwifo biujetisaxelmwifo biujetisaxelmwifo biujetisaxelmwifo biujeti/ saqarTvelos parlamentis mier sagangebo

sxdomaze damtkicda 2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti. 2002 wlis

saxelmwifo biujetis saSemosavlo nawili ganisazRvra

1,039,869,000 laris odenobiT, xolo xarjebi – 1,259,527,500 lariT.

Tebervali

8888 sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ avTandil jorbenaZem - saxelmwifo

ministrma, filip remlerma - saqarTveloSi aSS-s saelCos misiis

xelmZRvanelis moadgilem da jeims kelim - aSS-s sabaJo departamentis

warmomadgenelma, saqarTvelos sazRvrebis dacvisa da usafrTxoebis

programis direqtorma, ganixiles saqarTvelos sabaJo samsaxuris

reformirebisa da reorganizaciis sakiTxebi. batonma kelim aRniSna

rom, aSS-s mTavroba mocemul etapze gegmavs saqarTvelos sabaJo

departamentis daxmarebas. kerZod, unda ganxorcieldes sacdeli

proeqti, romelic miznad isaxavs saqarTvelos aeroportSi sabaJo

procedurebis gaumjobesebas.

11111111 sabaJosabaJosabaJosabaJo/ poloneTis mTavroba daTanaxmda daakmayofilos saqarTvelos

ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis saministros moTxovna da,

2002 wlidan gaauqma sabaJo gadasaxadi saqarTvelodan poloneTSi

eqsportirebul Caize. poloneTis mTavrobis mier aRniSnuli

gadawyvetilebis miRebamde, qarTuli Cai ibegreboda 15 procentiani

gadasaxadiT.

kalendari


12121212

sagareo valisagareo valisagareo valisagareo vali/ sasomxeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris, b-n vardan

oskanianis TbilisSi vizitisas, xeli moewera SeTanxmebas sasomxeTis

winaSe saqarTvelos 19,6 milioni aSS dolaris valis

restruqturizaciaze. valis gadaxda moxdeba 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi,

weliwadSi 3 procentis daricxviT.

22222222 gazis tranziti/ gazis tranziti/ gazis tranziti/ gazis tranziti/ baqoSi xeli moewera saboloo SeTanxmebas

azerbaijansa da saqarTvelos Soris azeris gazis transportirebaze

Sahdenizis sabadodan. milsadenis eqspluataciaSi Seyvanis Semdeg,

saqarTvelo, satranzito tarifis saxiT, miiRebs mis teritoriaze

transportirebuli bunebrivi airis mTliani moculobis 5 procents.

24242424 fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ baqoSi gaimarTa dsT-s qveynebis

birJebis saerTaSoriso asociaciis Sexvedra, romelSic monawileoba

miiRes yazaxeTis, saqarTvelos, ukrainis, azerbaijanis, ruseTisa da

uzbekeTis warmomadgenlebma. monawileebma ganixiles fasiani

qaRaldebis bazarTan da dsT-s savaluto bazrebze momxdar

cvlilebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, evro-s SemoRebasTan

mimarTebaSi.

27272727 sabaJo/mso/ sabaJo/mso/ sabaJo/mso/ sabaJo/mso/ ori wlis sawevro gadasaxdelis gadauxdelobis gamo,

1997 wlidan msoflio sabaJo organizaciam (mso) CamoarTva

saqarTvelos sabaJo departaments aqtiuri wevri qveynis statusi,

romliTac igi 1995 wlidan sargeblobda da gadaiyvana igi pasiuri

wevri qveynis statusis mqone qveynebis kategoriaSi. saqarTvelom

srulad dafara davalianeba da gadaixada mimdinare wlis sawevro

gadasaxdeli, riTac aqtiuri wevris statusi daibruna.

marti

4444 eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti/ saqarTveloSi dafuZnda saeqsporto kreditisa da dazRvevis

saagento, romlis mizania mcire mewarmeobis Camoyalibebisa da

ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da saeqsporto politikis mxardaWera.

saagento Seiqmna Savi zRvis qveynebis vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis bankis

da ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis saministros daxmarebiT.

14141414 navTobi da gaznavTobi da gaznavTobi da gaznavTobi da gaziiii/ TbilisSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia

"navTobi, gazi da infrastruqtura". konferenciis farglebSi xeli

moewera SeTanxmebas samxreT kavkasiis milsadenis (baqo-Tbilisi-

erzrumi) proeqtis investorebsa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris.

saqarTvelos mxridan SeTanxmebas xeli moawera b-nma giorgi

Wanturiam, GIOC-s (saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso navTobkompania)

prezidentma, xolo investorTa mxridan kompaniebi "SOCAR", "BP", "TotalFinalElf", "LUKAgip", "Statoil", "Nico" da "TPAO"-s warmomadgenlebma.

15151515 sagareo politiksagareo politiksagareo politiksagareo politikaaaa/ parlamentma daamtkica levan miqelaZis

kandidatura aSS-Si saqarTvelos sagangebo da uflebamosili elCis

kalendari


postze. b-ni miqelaZe aseve Seasrulebs saqarTvelos elCis

movaleobebs kanadasa da meqsikaSi.

19191919 transportitransportitransportitransporti/ foTis navsadgurma miiRo ruseTis sazRvao gadazidvebis

registraturis mier gacemuli saerTaSoriso licenziis sertifikati.

mocemul gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad daedo xarisxis kontrolis

sistemis inspeqciis dadebiTi Sedegebi.

26262626 socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasocialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasocialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasocialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ prezidentis mier gacemul iqna

gankarguleba "gaWirvebuli ojaxebisTvis socialuri daxmarebis

Sesaxeb", romlis Tanaxmadac gaWirvebuli ojaxebisTvis 2002 wlis

biujetis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri daxmareba

mizanmimarTuli iqneba mxolod "Raribi aramomuSave pensionerebis" an

oboli, xeibari bavSvebis, invalidebis da im mravalSviliani ojaxebis

daxmarebaze, romelTac sul mcire 7 bavSvi hyavT.

aprili

2 sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ levan ZnelaZem, sagadasaxado Semosavlebis ministrma, pres-

konferenciaze ganacxada, rom britaneTis kompania ITS-ma Sewyvita

saqmianoba saqarTveloSi. rogorc b-nma minstrma aRniSna, pirveli

aprilidan winasaimporto inspeqcia ganxorcieldeba sabaJo

departamentis mier.

5555 sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ rogorc prezidenti eduard SevardnaZis mehmed kesesilerTan,

TurqeTis saxelmwifo ministrTan Sexvedraze iqna aRniSnuli,

saqarTvelo-TurqeTis sazRvarze gaixsna axali sasazRvro kontrolis

punqti. or qveyanas Soris sasaqonlo brunvis stabilurma zrdam

ganapiroba axali sasazRvro sakontrolo punqtis gaxsnis

aucilebloba karwaxSi, romelic vale-axalcixesTan arsebuli

sakontrolo punqtisgan gansxvavebiT, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi

ifunqcionirebs. TurqeTis mxare mzadaa gamoyos 10 milioni aSS

dolaris krediti karwaxis sasazRvro punqtTan misasvleli gzis

saqarTvelos monakveTis mSeneblobisTvis. samSeneblo samuSaoebis

dawyeba dagegmilia ivnisSi.

5555 sabaJosabaJosabaJosabaJo/ / / / saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris xeli moewera SeTanxmebas

TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. sagadasaxado Semosavlebis ministrma, levan

ZnelaZem da TurqeTis saxelmwifo ministrma, mehmet kesesilerma xeli

moaweres SeTanxmebas sabaJo sakiTxebSi urTierTdaxmarebisa da

TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.

5555 ergb/ / / / prezidentis sainvesticio sabWos 5 aprilis sxdomaze, b-nma

Temur basiliam, prezidentis mrCevelma ekonomikuri reformebis

sakiTxebSi moaxsena sxdomas, saqarTveloSi, 2002-2003 wlebis periodSi,

evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis saqmianobis

strategiis Sesaxeb, romelic bankis direqtorTa sabWos mier26 marts

kalendari


damtkicda. ergb-i gegmavs sainvesticio saqmianobis koncentrirebas

kerZo seqtoris iseT sferoebze, rogoricaa energetika, transporti,

sabanko sistema da komunikaciebi.

7777 ekonomika/ ekonomika/ ekonomika/ ekonomika/ saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da SeerTebul Statebs Soris

miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba saqarTveloSi, poloneTis yofili premier-

ministris, “Sokuri Terapiis” avtoris – leSek balceroviCisa da misi

gundis saqmianobis dafinansebis programis gagrZelebis Taobaze.

7777 socialuri ganviTareba/ socialuri ganviTareba/ socialuri ganviTareba/ socialuri ganviTareba/ prezidentis gankarguleba “socialuri

ganviTarebis koncefciis realizaciaze gamiznuli upiratesi

mniSvnelobis mqone RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb” iTvaliswinebs SromiTi

urTierTobebis daregulirebis, samuSao Zalis ufro efeqturad

gamoyenebisa da dasaqmebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis da aseve,

sapensio sistemis srulyofisa da socialur sferoSi saxelmwifo

programebis momzadebisa da ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis mizniT

gasatarebel RonisZiebebs.

8888

evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamentis mier damtkicebuli

rezolucia “samxreT kavkasiasTan evrokavSiris urTierTobaTa

Sesaxeb” xazs usvams samxreT kavkasiaSi regionuli TanamSromlobis

yvela programis mxardaWerisa da dafinansebis gagrZelebis saWiroebas.

mocemuli dokumenti aqcents akeTebs imaze, rom evropulma

struqturebma monawileoba unda miiRon samxreT kavkasiaSi

ekonomikuri proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi, gansakuTrebiT, energetikis

seqtorSi.

9999 privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom SeimuSava

prezidentis gankargulebis proeqti “saagentos Seqmnis Sesaxeb im

sawarmoTa gasanviTareblad, romlebSic saxelmwifo wilobrivad

monawileobs”. saagentoze kontrols awarmoebs saxelmwifo qonebis

marTvis saministro. saagentos mTavari amocanaa im sawarmoTa

ganviTareba, romlis aqciebis wils saxelmwifo flobs; aRniSnul

sawarmoebSi saxelmwifos interesebis dacva; saxelmwifo biujetSi

dividendebis mobilizaciis optimizacia; saxelmwifos wilis

koordinireba da realizeba da aqciebis marTva; qonebis racionaluri

gamoyeneba; ekonomikuri efeqturobis gazrda; privatizaciis procesis

xelSewyoba.

10101010 evrokavSiris daxmarebaevrokavSiris daxmarebaevrokavSiris daxmarebaevrokavSiris daxmareba/ 10 aprils TbilisSi xeli moewera dokuments,

romlis Tanaxmadac sabaJo departamenti evrokavSirisgan 850, 000 evros

miiRebs. aRniSnuli Tanxa unda moxmardes ucxoeli da adgilobrivi

eqspertebis mier saqarTvelos sabaJo kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebasa da

sabaJo sferoSi evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis

procesSi gaweuli samsaxuris dafinansebas. gasul zafxuls,

avstrieli sabaJo eqspertebis monawileobiT, tasisis programis

farglebSi ganxorcielda saqarTvelos sabaJo kanonmdeblobis

evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan SedarebiTi analizi.

kalendari


11111111 mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ 11 aprils gamarTul preskonferenciaze

mevlud wiklaurma, mcire da saSualo biznesis xelSewyobis saagentos

direqtorma, warmoadgina saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa

mxardaWeris programa 2002-2004 wlebisaTvis. programa iTvaliswinebs

mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa daxmarebas. Tumca, vidre es moxdeba,

saWiro iqneba cvlilebebis Setana saqarTvelos kanonSi “mcire da

saSualo sawarmoTa Sesaxeb”. kanonproeqti ukve momzadda da gadaeca

mTavrobas gansaxilvelad. igi iTvaliswinebs mcire da saSualo

sawarmoTa koncefciebis SemoRebas, dasaqmebul muSakTa ricxovnobisa

da kapitalis brunvis kriteriumebis gansazRvras.

15151515 energetika/ energetika/ energetika/ energetika/ parlamentma moaxdina msoflio bankTan sakredito

SeTanxmebis ratifikacia, romelic iTvaliswinebs energetikis seqtoris

ganviTarebisTvis 27,4 milioni aSS dolaris gamoyofas. 2001 wlis

18 ivniss, saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da msoflio bankis saerTaSoriso

ganviTarebis asociacias (sga) Soris xeli moewera sakredito

xelSekrulebas eleqtroenergiis bazris ganviTarebis proeqtis

ganxorcielebisTvis, romlis Rirebuleba 55,7 milion aSS dolars

Seadgens. kontraqtis Tanaxmad, dafinansebis wyaroebia: sga –

27,4 milioni aSS dolari, germaniis rekonstruqciis sakredito banki

KfW – 12,4 milioni aSS dolari, evropis rekonstruqciisa da

ganviTarebis banki – 1 milioni evro, saaqcio sazogadoeba

“eleqtrogadacema” – 8,7 milioni aSS dolari,

Sps“eleqtrodispeCerizacia” – 2,2 milioni aSS dolari da Sps

“eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazari” – 4,2 milioni aSS dolari.

16161616 sagadasaxado sistema/ sagadasaxado sistema/ sagadasaxado sistema/ sagadasaxado sistema/ saqarTvelos axali sagadasaxado sistemis

koncefcia mzad unda iyos 10 ivnisisTvis. rogorc saqarTvelos axali

sagadasaxado sistemis 16 aprils gamarTul prezentaciaze aRiniSna,

mocemuli dokumenti SemuSavda saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

institutSi saparlamento fraqcia “mewarmeTa” iniciativiT, b-ni gogi

TofaZis, fraqciis lideris da mewarmis da fondis Ria sazogadoeba-

saqarTvelos - finansuri mxardaWeriT. iniciativis mizania arsebiTi

cvlilebebis Setana saqarTvelos moqmed sagadasaxado kodeqsSi. axali

alternatiuli proeqtis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba miiRo 42 eqspertma.

eqspertTa jgufis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidnen rogorc qarTveli aseve

ucxoeli ekonomistebi da finansuri eqspertebi.

19191919 gazis milsadeni/ gazis milsadeni/ gazis milsadeni/ gazis milsadeni/ baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis gazsadenze saboloo

SeTanxmebas xeli moewera londonSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso

konferenciaze, sadac monawileoba miiRes azerbaijanis, saqarTvelos,

yazaxeTis Tboenergetikis departamentebma da Semdegma ucxourma

kompaniebma: “Chevron Texaco”, “BP”, “Pricewaterhouse Coopers”, “Schlumberger”, “Burren Energy”, “Statoil”, “Parker Drilling”, “AMBO”, “EBRD” da “CPC”. konferencia mieZRvna centraluri aziisa da kaspiis zRvis regionis

Tboenergetikuli kompleqsis ganviTarebis sakiTxebs.

kalendari


milsadenis eqspluataciaSi Seyvanis Semdeg, saqarTvelo, satranzito

gadasaxadis saxiT, mis teritoriaze transportirebuli bunebrivi

airis mTliani moculobis 5 procents miiRebs. milsadenis sruli

datvirTviT muSaobis pirobiT, saqarTvelo miiRebs 1,5 miliard kubur

metr bunebriv airs, roca qveyanaSi gazis moxmareba weliwadSi

750 milion kubur metrs ar aRemateba. saqarTvelos SesaZlebloba

eqneba weliwadSi 500 milioni kuburi metri gazi gayidos.

19191919 transporti/ transporti/ transporti/ transporti/ 18-19 aprils TbilisSi, transportis saministroebis

evropul konferenciaze (ECMT), romelic msoflio bankis egidiT

gaimarTa, Catarda seminari samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi satransporto

politikasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. seminarze ganxilul iqna

regionSi satransporto politikis, satransporto xazebis

ganviTarebis, TanamSromlobisa da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis

gaziarebis sakiTxebi.

20 20 20 20 turizmi/ turizmi/ turizmi/ turizmi/ 18-19 aprils TbilisSi gaimarTa abreSumis gzis qveynebis

meoTxe gamofena-gayidva, romelSic monawileoba miiRo 60 organizaciam

da kompaniam 10 qveynidan. gamofena organizebuli iyo sagamofeno

centri “Expo-Georgia-s” mier, saqarTvelos turizmisa da kurortebis

saxelmwifo departamentis mxardaWeriT.

22222222 socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ prezidentis mier gaica

brZanebuleba "umuSevarTa socialuri dacvis sferoSi damatebiTi

RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb”, romlis Tanaxmad, standartuli Tviuri

umuSevrobis daxmareba, romelic gaicema umuSevrobis registraciis

pirveli eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, gaizarda 2 lariT umuSevrobis

meore or-Tviani periodisTvis da 3 lariT - Semdgomi ori TvisTvis da

dafiqsirda 14 larze Sesabamisi periodisTvis.

25252525 ssf/saqarTvelo/ ssf/saqarTvelo/ ssf/saqarTvelo/ ssf/saqarTvelo/ 25 aprils daiwyo ssf-s misiis regularuli viziti,

romelsac xelmZRvanelobda devid oueni – evropis me-II departamentis

samxreT ganyofilebis ufrosi. vizitis dros ssf-is eqspertebma

ganaxorcieles fondis rekomendaciebis Sesrulebis analizi.

specialuri yuradReba daeTmo makroekonomikuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebisa da saqarTvelos fiskaluri da fulad-sakredito

politikis ganviTarebis sakiTxebs.

mocemuli regularuli vizitis dros, ssf-is misia gaecnoba

struqturuli cvlilebebis mimdinareobas, sabiujeto sferoSi

arsebul mdgomareobas, sagareo valTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebis

Sesrulebasa da sxva sakiTxebs. winaswari Sefasebis safuZvelze, ssf-i

mzadaa gamouyos saqarTvelos 60 milioni aSS dolari, nacvlad adre

dagegmili 48 milioni aSS dolarisa. aRniSnul Tanxas saqarTvelo

miiRebs ori Tanabari tranSis saxiT maisis bolos da dekemberSi, im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu ssf-is misia dadebiTad Seafasebs saqarTvelos mier

ssf-s rekomendaciebis Sesrulebas.

kalendari


saqarTvelo ssf-sTan TanamSromlobs 1994 wlidan. aRniSnuli

saerTaSoriso finansuri organizaciidan mTeli periodis

ganmavlobaSi kreditis saxiT miRebulia 390 milion aSS dolari.

27272727 ssf----i da msoflio banki/ i da msoflio banki/ i da msoflio banki/ i da msoflio banki/ msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto

fondis sagazafxulo Sexvedraze miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba yofili

sabWoTa kavSiris Svidi yvelaze dabalSemosavliani respublikis

(dsT-s qveynebis) daxmarebis iniciativis damatebiTi mxardaWeris

Taobaze. esenia: azerbaijani, sasomxeTi, saqarTvelo, yirgizeTi,

moldova, tajikeTi da uzbekeTi. (dsT-s Svidi qveyana). aRniSnuli

iniciativis mizania “siRaribis daZlevaze mimarTuli zomebis

gaZliereba da ekonomikuri zrdis stimulireba, paralelurad

fiskaluri da sagareo valis mdgomareobis stabilurobis

uzrunvelyofasTan erTad”. pres-relizi iuwyeba, rom aRniSnul

iniciativa dafuZnebulia “ganviTarebis da reformebis procesis

intensifikaciis da aRniSnuli procesis ganxorcielebaSi dsT-s

7 qveynis meti damoukideblobis" principize saerTaSoriso

TanasazogadoebasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic mzadaa mxardaWera

aRmouCinos “qveynebs, romlebic reformebis Tanmimdevrul politikas

axorcieleben”.

30303030 aSS----s saqarTvelosadmi daxmarebs saqarTvelosadmi daxmarebs saqarTvelosadmi daxmarebs saqarTvelosadmi daxmareba/ a/ a/ a/ aSS-s mTavrobam gamouyo

saqarTvelos 20 milioni aSS dolaris granti kvebisa da

gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis reabilitaciisTvis. zafxulSi, daiwyeba

proeqtis pirveli etapi, romlis ganmavlobaSi ucxoeli da qarTveli

specialistebi Seiswavlian saqarTvelos kvebisa da gadamamuSavebel

mrewvelobaSi arsebul mdgomareobas. pirveli faza erT wels

gagrZeldeba, ris Semdegac SemuSavdeba gegma ufro xangrZlivi meore

fazisTvis.

maisi

7777 parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ 7 maisis plenarul sxdomaze mesame

mosmeniT damtkicebuli kanonproeqti ”finansuri lizingis Sesaxeb”

gansazRvravs lizingis formebs, salizingo urTierTobebis

monawileTa uflebamosilebas da mocemul sferoSi samarTlebrivi

daregulirebis konkretul meqanizms.

13131313 msoflio banki/ msoflio banki/ msoflio banki/ msoflio banki/ vaSingtonSi, msoflio bankis saTao ofisSi vizitisas,

romelic 13 maiss dasrulda, giorgi isakaZem – saxelmwifo ministris

moadgilem, delegaciis meTaurma, gamarTa molaparakebebi

municipaluri ganviTarebisa da decentralizaciis proeqtis

gagrZelebis SesaZleblobis Taobaze. xeli moewera mxareTa ganzraxvis

oqms, romlic iTvaliswinebs 19,4 milioni aSS dolaris gamoyofas

municipaluri ganviTarebisa da decentralizaciis meore proeqtis

farglebSi.

kalendari


13131313 TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ saqarTvelosa da ukrainis kontrolis palataTa

xelmZRvanelebma - sulxan molaSvilma da valentin simonenkom, xeli

moaweres SeTanxmebas TanamSromlobaze. SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs

TanamSromlobas Semdeg sakiTxebSi: gamocdilebis gaziareba,

auditoruli struqturebisTvis kadrebis momzadebis sistemis

gaumjobeseba, risTvisac unda Seiqmnas kadrebis momzadebis saerTo

centri.

14141414 energetika/kadrebi/ energetika/kadrebi/ energetika/kadrebi/ energetika/kadrebi/ prezidentma daniSna specialuri komisari

energetikis dargSi. prezidentis miTiTebebSi naTqvamia, rom axali

postis SemoReba gamiznulia energetikis stabiluri ganviTarebis

grZelvadiani koncefciis Camoyalibebaze, axali maRalefeqturi

teqnologiebis SemoRebasa da ucxouri investiciebis mobilizebaze.

energetikis sferoSi sagangebo warmomadgenlis postze dainiSna arCil

frangiSvili, teqnikuri universitetis profesori, saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

organoebs evalebaT misTvis daxmarebis gaweva organizaciul

sakiTxebSi.

15151515 miwisZvra/ miwisZvra/ miwisZvra/ miwisZvra/ aprilSi TbilisSi momxdari miwisZvriT gamowveuli zarali

daaxloebiT 150 milioni aSS dolars aRemateba. es Tanxa dasaxelda

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis da mokavSire qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso

organizaciebisadmi sagangebo mimarTvaSi, romelic momzadda qarTveli

eqspertebis mier, UNDP-s daxmarebiT. aRiniSna, rom 30 milioni aSS

dolari saWiroa pirvel rigSi gansaxorcielebeli saavario

samuSaoebisaTvis.

15151515 bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ saqarTvelos mikrosafinanso bankma (banki em-bi-ji) mesame

wlisTavi izeima. q-nma doris koenma, banki em-bi-ji-s sabWos axalma

Tavmjdomarem 15 maiss gamarTul pres-konferenciaze aRniSna, rom

ganvlili periodis ganmavlobaSi bankma SesZlo adgili daemkvidrebina

saqarTvelos 5 wamyvan banks Soris. 2001 wels, banki flobda

35 milioni aSS dolaris aqtivebs. 2001 wlis bolos sesxebis

portfeli Seadgenda 23,5 milion aSS dolars, xolo klientebis ricvi

- 5,350. 2002 wlis 30 aprilisTvis sakredito portfelma 25 milion aSS

dolaramde miaRwia, klientebis ricxvi ki 6,305-mde gaizarda.

1999 wlidan banks gacemuli aqvs 13,044 sesxi. is faqti, rom saSualo

sesxi 8,000 lars Seadgens, naTelyofs rom banki "em-bi-ji" ZiriTadad

emsaxureba saqarTveloSi moRvawe mikro da makrosawarmoTa jgufs.

gacemuli sesxebis 98 procenti klientebis mier droulad ifareba.

18181818 evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ 14-18 maiss saqarTvelo maspinZlobda

saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris dReebisa da evrokavSiris tasis-is

programis meaTe wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil ceremoniebs. tasis-is

programa miznad isaxavs sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas

da demokratiuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas axal damoukidebel

qveynebsa da monRoleTSi. programis farglebSi saqarTveloSi

ganxorcielda 300 proeqti iseT mniSvnelovan sferoebSi, rogoricaa

kalendari


energetika, soflis meurneoba, transporti, statistika da ganaTleba

da a.S.. programa SesaZlebels xdis iseTi mniSvnelovani proeqtebis

ganxorcielebas, rogoricaa evropa-kavkasia-aziis satransporto

derefani (TRACECA) da navTobisa da gazis transportireba kaspiis

regionidan evropis qveynebSi.

22221111 saqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelo----TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ saqarTvelosa da

TurqeTs Soris ekonomikuri urTierTobebi ganmtkicebas saWiroebs - am

Temaze saubrobda TurqeTis saxelmwifo ministri, Tunja Toksai,

saqarTvelos prezidentTan 21 maiss gamarTul Sexvedraze. prezidentma

eduard SevardnaZem aRniSna, rom or qveyanas Soris gaformebulma

SeTanxmebam “investiciebis stimulirebis Sesaxeb” xeli Seuwyo

ormxrivi ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gaZlierebas. prezidentma

xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom miuxedavad imisa rom dRes, TurqeTi erT-erTi

wamyvani investoria saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelom metad unda

ganamtkicos am qveyanasTan ekonomikuri da savaWro TanamSromloba.

21212121 qarTulqarTulqarTulqarTul----holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ TbilisSi Catarda

qarTvel da holandiel biznesmenTa Sexvedra. 1998 wlidan holandiis

mTavroba axorcielebs saqarTveloSi ramodenime proeqts.

22222222 ergb----i/ i/ i/ i/ qarTulma delegaciam monawileoba miiRo evropis

rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis yovelwliur SexvedraSi,

romelic moewyo buqarestSi. delegacias xelmZRvanelobda Temur

basilia, prezidentis mrCeveli ekonomikuri reformebis sakiTxebSi.

aseve delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen irakli managaZe – erovnuli

bankis prezidenti, jemal inaniSvili – foTis portis ufrosi,

vladimir pateiSvili – saqarTvelos bankis meTvalyureTa sabWos

Tavmjdomare. qarTuli delegaciis wevrebi ganixilavdnen

2002-2003 wlebSi ergb-is saqmianobis strategias saqarTveloSi,

romelic bankis direqtorTa sabWos mier 2002 wlis 26 marts

damtkicda.

22222222 vmo-s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/ TbilisSi, vmo-s egidiT,

Catarda vmo-s ministrTa konferencia, romelSic monawileobdnen

centraluri aziisa da kavkasiis regionis vaWrobis ministrebi.

konferenciaze sityviT gamovida vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis

generaluri direqtori - b-ni maik muri, romelmac aRniSna rom am

qveynebis miReba msoflio savaWro sistemaSi “xels Seuwyobs regionis

rogorc ekonomikur aseve politikur stabilurobas”. man xazi gausva,

rom vmo mzadaa daexmaros aRniSnul process. b-nma murma miuTiTa im

faqtze rom, amJamad vmo udides yuradRebas uTmobs teqnikur

daxmarebas gardamavali ekonomikis mqone ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvis.

misi azriT, donori qveynebisa da vmo-s wevr qveynebis mxardaWeram

SesaZlebeli gaxada am organizaciis farglebSi Seqmnili specialuri

fondis resursebis gaormageba. es safuZvels uyris ganviTarebadi

qveynebisTvis daxmarebis gazrdas da maTi srulfasovani monawileobis

uzrunvelyofas msoflio vaWrobaSi.

kalendari


24242424 daxmareba/iaponia/ daxmareba/iaponia/ daxmareba/iaponia/ daxmareba/iaponia/ iaponiis mTavroba agrZelebs saqarTveloSi

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis miwodebis dafinansebas. TbilisSi xeli

moewera memorandums 1996 wels dawyebuli 2KR programis gagrZelebis

Taobaze, romelic iTvaliswinebs iaponiis mTavrobis mier

saqarTvelosTvis sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis miwodebis

dafinansebas. am wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi Semotanili

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis (sul 1,046 erTeuli) Rirebuleba

24 milion lars aRemateba. wels programam unda daafinansos

600 sasoflo-sameurneo manqanis SeZena, risTvisac iaponiis mTavrobam

3 milioni aSS dolaris granti unda gamoyos.

25252525 regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ TbilisSi fermerebisTvis

gamarTul seminars eswrebodnen warmomadgenlebi saqarTvelodan,

sasomxeTsa da azerbaijanidan. seminari israelis centr “maSavi-s” mier

iyo organizebuli. seminaris Tanadamfinansebelia evraziis fondi.

27272727 privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ daiwyo regularuli tenderi saxelmwifo aviakompania

“saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” privatizaciaze. saerTaSoriso komerciul

tenderze gatanilia aqciebis 100 procenti. saxelmwifo qonebis

marTvis saministroSi ganacxadebis wardgenis saboloo vadaa 27 ivnisi,

aqciebis gayidvis sawyisi fasi – 931,000 aSS dolari.

30303030 bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ TBC-bankis pirveli kvartlis Sedegebi miuTiTebs imaze rom

igi, aqtivebis, valdebulebebis, sakredito portfelis da ZiriTadi

ganakveTebis mixedviT, yvelaze didi bankia saqarTveloSi. banki aseve

qveyanaSi yvelaze msxvil finansur organizacias warmoadgens.

2002 wlis aprilisTvis, TBC-bankis aqtivebma Seadgina 151,7 milioni

lari, valdebulebebma – 129 milioni lari, sesxebis portfelma ki

85 milion lars gadaaWarba. depozitebis mixedviT, bankis sabazro

wili 21,2 procenti iyo. 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis SedegebiT

"saqarTvelos banki" qveyanaSi yvelaze msxvil komerciul banki iyo.

bankis aqtivebi Seadgenda 137 milion lars. im dros TBC-banki, romlis

aqtivebi 118,7 milion lars Seadgenda, meore adgilze iyo.

ivnisi

7777 biujeti/biujeti/biujeti/biujeti/ xeli moewera urTierTgagebis memorandums, romlis

Tanaxmadac, evrokavSiris granti moxmardeba saxelmwifo biujetis

xarjebs soflis meurneobis, ganaTlebis, jandacvisa da sxva

seqtorebSi. pirvel 2 milion evros saqarTvelo miiRebs uaxloes

momavalSi, xolo wlis bolos miRebuli iqneba danarCeni ori tranSi,

TiToeuli 5 milioni evros odenobiT.

11110000----16161616 BSEC/ TbilisSi gaimarTa Savi zRvis qveynebis ekonomikuri

TanamSromlobis saparlamento asambleis me-19-e sesia. sesiis

monawileebma daamtkices BSEC-is me-10-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili

specialuri deklaracia. deklaraciaSi aRniSnulia, rom BSEC-s

mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs saerTaSoriso da regionalur

organizaciebs Soris. aRniSnuli saerTaSoriso da regionuli

kalendari


organizaciebis mier Seqmnili Savi zRvis vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis

banki (BSTDB-i) afinansebs mTel rig proeqtebs BSEC-is wevr qveynebSi.

13131313 transportitransportitransportitransporti/luis miSelma, belgiis samefos sagareo saqmeTa ministrma

da irakli menaRariSvilma, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministrma

xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas saqarTvelos, belgiasa da luqsemburgs

Soris TanamSromlobaze sazRvao, satvirTo da samgzavro gadazidvebis

sferoSi.

19191919 sainvesticio saagento/sainvesticio saagento/sainvesticio saagento/sainvesticio saagento/ parlamentma erTxmad daamtkica kanonproeqti

“saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb”.

kanonproeqtis mTavari mizania, saqarTvelos sawarmoo potencialis

ganviTarebisaTvis saxelmwifo xelSewyobis institutis SemoReba.

kanonproeqti SemuSavebul iqna ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis

saministros mier. kanoni iTvaliswinebs axali struqturebis

formirebas, romlebic mniSvnelovnad Seuwyoben xels mrewvelobis

ganviTarebas, rogorc finansuri, aseve saxelmwifo mxardaWeris

TvalsazrisiTac. saagentos dafinansebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens

prezidentis mrewvelobis ganviTarebis sainvesticio fondi da

sxvadasxva grantebi.

25252525 BSEC----i/i/i/i/ BSEC-is wevri qveynebis delegaciebis meTaurebma ganixiles

energetikis, transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis sferoebSi regionuli

TanamSromlobis sakiTxebi da daamtkices BSEC-is stambulis samitis

deklaracia “TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis 10 weli: momavalis

xedva”. deklaraciaSi Sefasebulia BSEC-is saqmianoba da

gansazRvrulia misi ganviTarebis mTavari mimarTulebebi.

ivlisi 1111 Cais eqsporti/ Cais eqsporti/ Cais eqsporti/ Cais eqsporti/ prezidentma SevardnaZem xeli moawera brZanebulebas

“qarTuli Cais eqsportis SenarCunebis saxelmwifo programis

mxardaWeris Sesaxeb”. brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, axlo momavalSi

gamocxaddeba tenderi finansuri resursebis ganawilebaze. satendero

komisiam, , finansTa ministris mirian gogiaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT,

unda SeimuSavos satendero pirobebi. programis mizania SeinarCunos

da gaafarToos qarTuli Cais eqsporti sagareo bazarze. mimdinare

wlis saxelmwifo biujetiT gaTvaliswinebulia 3 milioni lari

qarTuli Cais eqsportis mxardaWerisTvis.

4444 momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/ riggareSe saparlamento sesiaze,

pirveli wakiTxviT iqna miRebuli 4 ivlisis Sesworebebi

“momxmareblis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb” kanonSi, romlebic

antimonopoliuri samsaxuris mier iqna wardgenili. importirebul

sasursaTo produqtebze, kosmetikur da sayofacxovrebo

daniSnulebis saqonelze qarTul enaze gakeTebuli aRniSvnebis

SemoReba gaTvaliswinebulia 2002 wlis 1 noembridan, xolo

farmacevtulze – 2003 wlis 1 ianvridan.

kalendari


19191919 GUUAM----i/i/i/i/ ialtaSi Catarda GUUAM-is wevri qveynebis Sexvedra,

romlis farglebSic xeli moewera ukrainas, moldovas, saqarTvelosa

da azerbaijans Soris Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb mravalmxrivi

SeTanxmebis damfuZnebel deklaracias.

25252525 eqsporti/ eqsporti/ eqsporti/ eqsporti/ saqarTvelos parlamentma ar gaagrZela xe-tyis eqsportze

dawesebuli droebiTi barieris moqmedebis vada, romelic 2001 wlis

bolos amoiwura da aseve, moxsna akrZalva Savi liTonis jarTis

eqsportze, romelsac vada zafxulSi gauvida.

agvisto 1111 milsadeni/milsadeni/milsadeni/milsadeni/ londonSi xeli moewera kompania “baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis”

damfuZnebel dokumentebs. dokumentebis xelmoweris ceremoniaSi

monawileoba miiRes sami satranzito teritoriis mflobeli qveynis –

azerbaijanis, TurqeTisa da saqarTvelos - mTavrobis

warmomadgenlebma.

navTobis tranziti/navTobis tranziti/navTobis tranziti/navTobis tranziti/ saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso navTobkorporaciam

(GIOC) da ukrainis saxelmwifo saaqcionero kompaniam “Uktransnafta” xeli moaweres ganzraxvebis Sesaxeb protokols. aRniSnuli

dokumentis Tanaxmad, mxareebi erToblivad warmarTaven saqmianobas

saqarTvelos teritoriaze navTobis transportirebisaTvis derefnis

gafarToebis mizniT.

daxmareba/daxmareba/daxmareba/daxmareba/ germaniis federalurma mTavrobam gadasca saqarTvelos

2,5 milioni evro TbilisSi miwisZvris Sedegad dazaralebuli

Senobebis aRsadgenad. Tanxis didi nawili moxmardeba skolebis

aRdgenas. garda amisa, dagegmilia afxazeTisa da cxinvalis

regionebidan ltolvilebis TavSesafarTa da moxucebulTa saxlebis

aRdgena.

seqtemberi

10101010 mTavroba/ mTavroba/ mTavroba/ mTavroba/ 10 seqtembers saqarTvelos prezidentma daamtkica

saxelmwifo antikorufciuli sabWos mier SemuSavebuli proeqti.

proeqti iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros

gauqmebas da mis nacvlad, holdinguri samsaxuris Seqmnas, romelic

ganaxorcielebs saxelmwifo aqciebis marTvas sawarmoebSi; da aseve,

proeqti iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifo sawarmoTa qonebis marTvis

uflebis finansTa saministrosaTvis gadacemas.

11111111 komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis ministrma, merab

adeiSvilma, samTavrobo sxdomaze ganacxada, rom kompania

“saqarTvelos eleqtroxazebma” unda gadasces marTvis ufleba

norvegiul kompania “TELENOR-s”. man moiTxova, rom aRniSnul

kalendari


sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT politikuri gadawyvetileba dauyovnebliv

iqnes miRebuli.

11111111 TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ kompania “Siemens-is” prezidenti doq. henrix fon

pireri da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri, avTandil jorbenaZe

gamovidnen iniciativiT, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan Camoyalibdes

specialuri jgufi, romelic imuSavebs saqarTvelosa da kompania

“Siemens-s” Soris TanamSromlobis grZelvadian (5-7 weli) programaze.

TanamSromloba moicavs Semdeg seqtorebs: energetika, transporti,

komunikaciebi, jandacva da aseve baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanisa da baqo-

Tbilisi-erzrumis proeqtebs. samuSao jgufi SeimuSavebs

proeqtisaTvis biznes gegmebs da mobilizebas gaukeTebs proeqtis

realizebisaTvis saWiro finansur resursebs.

16161616 komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ 16 seqtembers, tele da radio kompaniebTan Sexvedraze,

erovnulma kavSirgabmulobis komisiam ganacxada, rom kanoniT

akrZalulia aralicenzirebuli programebis mauwyebloba. Sesabamisi

cvlilebebi Setanil iqna “saqarTvelos kavSirgabmulobisa da fostis

samsaxuris Sesaxeb” kanonSi 2002 wlis maisSi da tele da radio

kompaniebs miecaT adaptirebis vada 2002 wlis 1 seqtembramde. rogorc

vaxtang abaSiZem – komisiis Tavmjdomarem - aRniSna, aralicenzirebuli

programebis mauwyeblobis akrZalvis sakiTxi dRis wesrigSi dadga mas

Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom xeli moawera konkretul saerTaSoriso

SeTanxmebebs saavtoro uflebaTa dacvaze.

18181818 milsadeni/ milsadeni/ milsadeni/ milsadeni/ 18 seqtembers, baqodan 40km moSorebiT mdebare sangaCalis

navTobterminalze, gaimarTa baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis mTavari saeqsporto

milsadenis mSeneblobis dawyebis ceremonia. ceremonias eswreboda

saqarTvelos prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe, azerbaijanis prezidenti

heidar alievi, TurqeTis prezidenti neset sezeri, SeerTebuli

Statebis energetikis seqtoris mdivani spenser ebrahami da sxva

oficialuri pirebi. baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis mTavari saeqsporto

milsadeni uzrunvelyofs weliwadSi 50 milioni tona kaspiis zRvis

navTobis miwodebas TurqeTis xmelTaSua zRvis, jeihanis navsadgurze.

18181818----20202020 sapensio reforma/ sapensio reforma/ sapensio reforma/ sapensio reforma/ TbilisSi gaimarTa saerTaSoriso konferencia

“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, romlis

organizatorebi iyvnen saqarTvelos mTavroba da socuzrunvelyofis

erTiani saxelmwifo fondi. konferenciaSi monawileoba miiRes

socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciisa da sapensio da

socialuri fondebis asociaciis maRali Tanamdebobis pirebma.

konferenciaze ganixiles sxvadasxva qveynebSi, sapensio da socialuri

dazRvevis sistemebSi mimdinare procesebi. konferenciis monawileebis

winaSe warmodgenili iyo saqarTveloSi mimdinare sapensio reforma da

kanonproeqtebi, romlebic daaregulireben socialuri

uzrunvelyofisa da sapensio sistemebis sadazRvevo principebze

gadasvlis process.

kalendari


19191919 saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ 19 seqtembers xelmowerili

SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia kredits

gamouyofs saaqcionero kompania “mina-s” sawarmoo farTis gafarToeba-

ganaxlebisaTvis. kreditis odenoba, 6 wlis periodisTvis (LIBOR+4%),

6,3 milion aSS dolars Seadgens. krediti unda moxmardes axali

Rumelis damontaJebas (simZlavre - weliwadSi, 20 aTasi tona minis

tara) da Zveli Rumelis rekonstruqcias. eqspertTa gaangariSebiT,

aRniSnuli samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg, sawarmos farTo

asortimentis, maRali xarisxis minis taris produqciis moculoba,

weliwadSi, 40 aTas tonamde gaizrdeba.

20202020 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 20 seqtembers samTavrobo sesiaze

ganixiles Semdegi wlis biujetis parametrebi. mTavrobam gansazRvra

biujetis prioritetebi momavali wlisaTvis: Tavdacvis, uSiSroebis,

ganaTlebis, socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da jandacvis sistemebis

gaZliereba. aRniSnul iqna, rom biujetis proeqti iTvaliswinebs am

mimarTulebiT gacilebiT ufro didi moculobis resursebs, vidre

wina wlebis biujetebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. kanonis Sesabamisad,

mTavrobam Semdegi wlis biujetis proeqti parlamentis winaSe

2 oqtombramde unda waradginos. saxelmwifo biujetis proeqtis

saboloo varianti SeTanxmebuli unda iyos ssf-is misiasTan.

25252525 pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis

vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis konferenciis (UNCTAD) informaciis

Tanaxmad, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mobilizebis mixedviT

reitingSi, saqarTvelos ukavia 36-e adgili, azerbaijans- 8-e, somxeTs –

15-e adgili. gaeros wevri qveynebis reitingi iTvaliswinebs pirdapir

ucxour investiciebisa da mSp-s saerTo moculobebSi qveynis wilebs

Soris urTierTkavSirs, 1998- 2000 wlebis periodSi.

27272727 eleqtroenergia/ eleqtroenergia/ eleqtroenergia/ eleqtroenergia/ pirveli oqtombridan, eleqtroenergiis tarifi

izrdeba 0,013 lariT, 0,124-dan 0,137 laramde 1 kvt/saaTSi, TbilisSi da

0,005 lariT, 0,08 laridan 0,085 laramde - regionebSi.

29292929 Marriott Tbilisi Hotel–i/ prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem monawileoba

miiRo, TbilisSi, pirveli 5-varskvlaviani sastumro M”Marriott Tbilisi-is” oficialuri gaxsnis ceremoniaSi.

danarTi I.

saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze


iohan ferStratenis,

socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciss (susa) prezidentis moxseneba saerTaSoriso konferenciaze

“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”,

organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da

socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier Tbilisi, 2002 wlis 18-20 seqtemberi

misalmeba

batonebo da qalbatonebo!

• rodesac RmerTma daasrula samyaros Seqmna, man gadawyvita gaenawilebina

dedamiwa sxvadasxva xalxebs Soris. RmerTma TavisTan miiwvia sxvadasxva eris

warmomadgenlebi, raTa gamoeyo TiToeulisTvis misTvis gankuTvnili miwis

nawili.

am dros qarTvelebi sazeimo sufrasTan atarebdnen dros da rodesac RmerTis

winaSe warsdgnen, ukve gviani aRmoCnda: mTeli dedamiwa ukve ganawilebuli iyo.

imis magivrad, rom danaRvlianebuliyvnen, qarTvelebma gadawyvites moexiblaT

RmerTi simRerebiTa da cekvebiT da maSin, RmerTma ase mimarTa qarTvelebs: “Tqven

ise lamazad mReriT da cekvavT da ise tkbebiT sicocxliT, rom me ar SemiZlia

gagiSvaT carieli xeliT. wadiT da aiReT miwis is nakveTi, romelic me CemTvis

SevarCie da kargad gamoiyeneT igi”.

miuxedavad didi sirTuleebisa, romlebsac Tqveni qveyana ganicdis, me minda

gavixseno es optimizmiTa da imediT aRsavse legenda, romelic kargad

warmogviCens qarTveli erisaTvis damaxasiaTebel zogierT mTavar Tvisebas.

• rogorc socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciis (susa ) prezidents,

mixaria rom dRes var aq, TqvenTan erTad da SesaZlebloba maqvs susa-s saxeliT

mogesalmoT. amJamad, susa awarmoebs msoflios 148 qveyanaSi moqmedi

378 organizaciis gadajgufebas. es organizaciebi administrirebas uweven

socialuri uzrunvelyofis im savaldebulo RonisZiebebs ganxorcielebas,

romlebic uzrunvelyofen socialur dacvas mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi.

susa-s ZiriTadi amocana da mTavari mizani, romelSic me Rrmad var

darwmunebuli namdvilad keTilSobiluria: socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis

xelSewyoba da ganviTareba mTel msoflioSi, kacobriobis Semdgomi

ganviTarebisaTvis socialuri samarTlianoba safuZvelze. amdenad, ssua metad

dainteresebulia socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis gamarTulad

funqcionirebaSi.



minda mivuloco da madloba vuTxra saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da saqarTvelos

socuzrunvelyofis saxelmwifo erToan fonds saerTaSoriso konferenciis

organizebisaTvis socialuri uzrunvelyofis erT-erT mTavar axal amocanasTan

dakavSirebiT: socuzrunvelyofa xandazmulobis asakSi.

Sesavali

mravali weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac mTeli samyaro berlinis kedlis dangreviT

gamowveuli sixarulis mowme gaxda. msoflios Zalisxmeva mimarTul iqna yofil

socqveynebSi gegmuridan sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisaken. im movlenebiT aRsavse

periodSi, romelsac regionis erT-erTma wamyvanma refortmatorma sworad uwoda

“eqstraordinaluri politikis” periodi, yvelaferi SesaZlebeli gveCveneboda.

samwuxarod, im qveynebma, romelTa ekonomika adre centraluri dagegmvis

eqvemdebareboda, 90-an wlebSi ganicades krizisi, romelsac Tavisi simZlavriT,

mxolod did depresias Tu SevadarebT.

sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesSi mniSvnelovanma ekonomikurma da

socialurma problemebma iCines Tavi: Semcirda dasaqmeba da mosaxleobis

Semosavlebi, gaRrmavda uTanabrobebi Semosavlebis doneebSi, gaizarda siRaribe da,

fiskaluri kontrolis dakargvam, romelic Tan erTvis sabazro ekonomikaze

gadasvlis process, inflaciis stabilizebisaTvis fiskaluri deficitis Semcirebis

saWiroebasTan erTad, yvela qveyanaSi gamoiwvia mTavrobis socialuri xarjebis

Semcireba.

garda amisa, gardamavali periodis dawyebasTan erTad Tavi iCina seriozulma

sagareo problemebmac. centraluri dagegmarebis sabWouri sistemebis

institucionaluri da teqnologiuri kavSirebis gawyveta, romelmac gamoiwvia

warmoebisaTvis resursebis uzrunvelyofisa da warmoebuli produqciis gasaRebis

sistemaTa moSla, centridan sabiujeto gadaricxvebis dakargva da subsididrebuli

energomatareblebis importis Sewyveta, Zlieri dartyma aRmoCnda mravali

qveynisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki zogierTi axlad damoukidebeli dsT-s qveynisaTvis,

sadac ekonomikuri da socialuri vardnis procesi metad mtkivneulad warimarTa.

90-an wlebSi sagareo ekonomikuri garemoc aseve naklebad xelsayreli iyo da

sxvadasxva finansurma krizisebma aseve xeli Seuwyo warmoebis aRdgenis procesis

Seferxebas an SeCerebas. amasTan, zogierT qveynaSi gaCaRebulma omebma da samoqalaqo

dapirispirebam imsxverpla bevri sicocxle da moSala infrastruqura, xeli SeuSala

reformebze politikuri konsensusis miRwevas, rac aucilebeli iyo gardamavali

periodis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisaTvis.

rac Seexeba socialur uzrunvelyofas, gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebs,

gardamavali periodis dawyebamde, kargad ganviTarebuli socialuri seqtorebi

hqondaT: maTi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebi faravda imave riskebs rasac

ganviTarebuli qveynebis socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebi. socialuri

uzrunvelyofis sistema, romelic mTeli mosaxleobis “dabadebidan gardacvalebamde”

dacvas uzrunvelyofda – sayovelTao da universaluri iyo. magram am sayovelTao



socialuri dacvis sistemis moSlis Semdeg daucveli mosaxleoba pirispir aRmoCnda

ekonomikur problemebTan. es gansakuTrebiT exeba dsT-s bevr qveyanas, romlebmac

droulad ver ganaxorcieles socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis reforma. garda

amisa, socialuri transfertebis realuri Rirebuleba inflaciam Seamcira, ise rom

sadazRvevo sistemebma da uzrunvelyofis programebma ver SesZles mosaxleobis

gaWirvebuli fenebis dacva siRaribisgan.

gardamaval periodSi gaizarda moTxovna socialuri daxmarebebis miRebaze da

imavdroulad mniSvnelovnad Semcirda dafinansebis potenciali. ekonomikuri

aqtiurobis vardnam Seamcira bevri qveynis saSemosavlo baza, da gasawevi xarjebis

valdebulebebis zrdasTan erTad, safuZveli Seuqmna erTgvari mojadoebuli wris

formirebas. nawilobriv imis gamo, rom Camoyalibebis procesSi myofi sagadasaxado

struqturebi ver axorcielebdnen jerovani donis administrirebas, da xelisufleba

xSirad ver iCenda politikur nebas kanonebis realurad asamoqmedeblad,

gadasaxdebis gadaxda Semcirda, xolo Crdilovani ekonomikis xvedriTi wili

gaizarda.

• sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis aTi wlis gamocdilebam gviCvena, rom es

istoriulad uprecedento procesi bevr qveyanaSi sulac ar aris dasrulebuli.

siRaribe da Semosavlebis doneebs Soris uTanabroba zogierT qveyanaSi mkveTrad

gaizarda da manamde arnaxul zRvars miaRwia. rig qveynebSi, 90-ani wlebis

dasawyisSi wamowyebuli reformebi garkveulwilad Seferxda, zogierT

SemTxvevaSi ki saerTod Sewyda. bevri gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveyana

kvlavac imyofeba gegmur da sabazro ekonomikas Soris gaurkvevel mdgomareobaSi.

axali aTaswleulis dasawyisisaTvis, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis arsebuli

doneebis mixedviT mniSvnelovani sxvaoba arsebobs centralur da samxreT-

aRmosavleT evropas da aseve baltiis qveynebsa da dsT-s qveynebs Soris.

centraluri da samxreT-aRmosavleTi evropis da baltiis qveynebSi, oficialurad

Sefasebuli mTliani Sida produqtis moculoba (mSp), romelic gardamavali

periodis dasawyisSi daeca, 90-ani wlebis dones iqna gaTanabrebuli jer kidev

1998 wels, Semdeg ki 2000 wels am dones 6 procentiT gadaaWarba. dsT-s qveynebSi

ki, 2000 wels, mSp-s moculobam 90-ani wlebis donis mxolod 62,7 procenti

Seadgina.

sapensio sistema

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris

memkvidreobidan SemorCenili PAYG-is sapansio sistemebi, TavianTi didi daufaravi

valdebulebebiT, tvirTad awveba saxelmwifo finansebs da danazogebis warmoqmnas

grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi.

yvelaze dramatul SemTxvevebSi, arsebulma krizisulma mdgomareobam qveynebi

miiyvana Zalian rTuli moklevadiani politikis arCevamde. zogierT

dabalSemosavlian qveynaSi, romelic SezRuduli resursebiT da sagadasaxdo

Semosavlebis Zalze dabali doniT xasiaTdeboda, saWiro iyo Tanabari odenobis

daxmarebebis sapensio sistemaze gadasvla, yvelaze Raribi xandazmuli mosaxleobis



dasacavad, vidre finansuri mdgomareoba SesaZlebels ar gaxdida sxva sistemaze

gadasvlas.

unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo TandaTanobiT axerxebs xelsayreli garemos

Seqmnas grZelvadiani reformebisaTvis: sabanko sistemis da zogadad, finansuri

seqtoris reforma, kapitalis bazrebis ganviTareba da mZlavri zedamxedvelobis

aparatis Seqmna, romelic uzrunvelyofs gamWirvalobas.

rac Seexeba socialur ganviTarebas, minda moviyvano citata saqarTvelos

prezidentis 2000 wlis 7 maisis #179 gankargulebadan “saqarTvelos socialuri

ganviTarebis konceptualuri safuZvlebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saswrafo

RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb”:

“pirvel fazaSi, Zalze SezRuduli ekonomikuri resursebis pirobebSi, saWiroa

kompleqsuri RonisZiebebis gatareba mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis standartebis

stabilizaciisTvis, efeqturi saqmianobis dawyeba siRaribis dasaZlevad, mosaxleobis

sxvadasxva kategoriebs Soris cxovrebis doneebSi arsebuli uTanabrobis Semcireba,

masobrivi umuSevrobisgan Tavis daRweva, mosaxleobis Sromisa da socialuri

uflebebis dacva.

meore faza (2002-2005 ww.) SesaZlebels gaxdis realuri materialuri da

finansuri rezervebis xarjze xarjebis gazrdas socialur programebze.

mesame fazaSi, stabiluri ekonomikuri zrdis miRweviT, niadagi socialuri

ganviTarebisaTvis sakmarisad myari gaxdeba, Camoyalibdeba farTo socialuri

integraciis Ria sazogadoeba, sadac TiToeuli SesZlebs sakuTari potencialisa da

SesaZleblobebis realizebas.”

es gza, udavod, sworia.

WeSmaritad, socialuri ganviTareba ekonomikuri ganviTarebis damatebiT

faqtors ar warmoadgens: igi dabalansebuli ekonomikuri ganviTarebis arsebiTi

elementia. socialuri ganviTareba ar SeiZleba dafinansdes sazogadoebaSi, sadac

simdidre ar iqmneba da ar SeiZleba adgili hqondes gadanawilebas iq, sadac

araferia gasanawilebeli.

qvemoT moyvanili faqtorebi optimisturad gangvawyobs saqarTvelos social-

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis perspeqtivisadmi:

1. qveynis resursebis simdidre: adamianuri kapitalis siuxve, rogorc

janmrTelobis standartebis, aseve ganaTlebis donis TvalsazrisiT; qveynis Tbili

klimati da adgilmdebareoba Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze, rac qveyanas

xelsayrels xdis turizmisTvis da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis (Cai,

citrusebi, yurZeni, bostneuli da marcvleuli kulturebi); mineraluri da sawvavi

nedleulis sabadoebis siWarbe (manganumi, rkina, oqro, naxSiri da navTobi), mravali

swrafi dinebis mdinare, hidroeleqtroenergiis mniSvnelovani wyaro da tyeebi,

romlebic uzrunvelyofen celulozisa da xis masalis resursebs.



2. sruli gaazreba imisa, rom qveynis socialuri ganviTarebis gasaumjobeseblad

saWiro ekonomikuri zrdis done damokidebulia arsebuli uTanabrobis doneze: rac

ufro didi iqneba uTanabroba Semosavlebis ganawilebaSi, miT ufro naklebad

isargeblebs zrdis SedegebiT Raribi mosaxleoba.

dafasebas da aRfrTovanebas imsaxurebs saqarTvelos xelisuflebis da xalxis

simtkice, moTmineba da simamace, romlebic miuxedavad gardamavali periodis

sirTuleebisa da gaWirvebisa, mainc optimisturad arian ganwyobili qveynis

momavlisadmi. mTavrobisa da sxvadasxva struqturebis mier TavianTi valdebulebebis

pirnaTlad ganxorcilebas Sedegad unda mohyves mniSvnelovani winsvla.

daskvna

socialuri uzrunvelyofis saboloo mizania mosaxleobisaTvis ara mxolod

minimaluri Semosavlis, aramed socialuri integraciis garantirebac. Tu qveynis

moqalaqeebs ar SeuZliaT monawileoba miiRon Sromis bazarze, isini ver SesZleben

monawileobis miRebas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSic.

socialuri dacva da socialuri samarTlianoba aRiarebulia rogorc stabiluri

msoflio wyobis mTavari sayrdeni da, qmediTunariani sapensio sistemis Seqmna

mniSvnelovanwilad uwyobs xels am miznis ganxorcielebas.

TiToeulma qveyanam unda SeimuSaos sakuTari ganviTarebis programa, qveynisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis, konkretuli saWiroebebisa da socialur da

ekonomikur garemoSi momxdari cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

es, mniSvnelovanwilad, politikuri arCevanis sakiTxia.

batonebo da qalbatonebo!

aq, mistikiT aRsavse kolxeTSi, iasonma da misma argonavtebma oqros sawmisis

ZiebiTa da mopovebiT, miaRwies TavianTi mogzaurobis mizans.

darwmunebuli var, esoden mniSvnelovani konferenciis dros, cecxli romelic

promeTem RmerTebs mostaca, qarTvelebs gzas gaunaTebs socialuri uzrunvelyofis

sistemis Seqmnis miznis misaRwevad swori nabijebis gadasadgmelad.

Tqveni rwmena, mtkice neba da sicocxlis siyvaruli, Tqveni temperamenti da

megobrobis didi unari da stumarTmoyvareoba, romlis simboloa qarTlis deda,

romelsac erT xelSi uWiravs moyvarisaTvis Rvinis fiala, meoreSi ki maxvili –

mtrisgan dasacavad - ueWvelad daexmareba qarTvelebs aqtualuri problemebis

mogvarebaSi.

qarTveli xalxis bunebisa da mdidari miwis wyalobiT, saqarTvelo darwmunebuli

unda iyos xvalindel dReSi da unda sjerodes naTeli momavlisa.



darwmunebuli var, rom susa did daxmarebas gauwevs saqarTvelos

funqcionirebadi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi

gamocdilebis gaziarebisa da informaciuli uzrunvelyofis gziT.

yvelas gisurvebT warmatebas!



uprecedento amocana

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebs, sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlamde,

kargad ganviTarebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema hqondaT. maT

mniSvnelovani resursebi moaxmares TavianT socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebs,

romlebic igive riskebs faravdnen, romlebsac ganviTarebul qveynebSi moqmedi

socialuri dacvis sistemebi.

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebis umetesobaSi ganviTarebulma mZlavrma

ekonomikurma da socialurma krizisma, es qveynebi uprecedento problemebis winaSe

daayena. sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesma gazarda socialuri

daxmarebebisadmi moTxovna, maSin roca dafinansebisaTvis saWiro resursebi Semcirda.

ekonomikuri aqtiurobis dacemis Sedegad Semcirda aseve saSemosavlo bazac, ramac

xarjebis mzard valdebulebebTan erTad, xeli Seuwyo erTgvari mojadoebuli wris

Seqmnas.

rogorc Sedegi, gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebi dgebian socialuri

uzrunvelyofis sistemis reformirebis aucileblobis winaSe, raTa uzrunvelyon

sakuTari moqalaqeebis keTildReoba da erTgvari biZgi miscen ekonomikur zrdas.

sapensio sistemis reforma, qveynis keTildReobisa da aseve, socialuri erTianobis

uzrunvelyofisaTvis, mocemuli strategiis centraluri elementia.

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebma, iseve rogorc yvela sxva qveynebma,

qmediTunariani sapensio sistemebi unda Seqmnan. qmediTunarianoba gulisxmobs

mimdinare reJimSi socialuri miznebis dakmayofilebis unars da imavdrulad, sxva

mniSvnelovani politikuri miznebis ganxorcielebas, magaliTad jansaRi saxelmwifo

finansebis sistemis Camoyalibeba da Taobebs Soris Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa.

amis mizania momavali da mimdinare pensionerebisTvis Semosavlis adeqvaturi donis

uzrunvelyofa, momavali TaobebisaTvis zedmeti tvirTis Seqmnis an saxelmwifo

finansebSi disbalansis Setanis gareSe.

belgiis socialuri da sapensio sakiTxebis ministri, b-ni frank vanderbruke

ganmartavs, rom sapensio sistemis qmediTunarianoba gaazrebul unda iqnes ara

mxolod sabiujeto da finansuri mdgradobis, aramed ufro farTo, socialuri

mdgradobis TvalsazrisiT. es gulisxmobs sapensio sistemis unars uzrunvelyos

socialuri miznebis ganaxorcieleba, rac mis mTavar amocanas warmoadgens.

b-nma vanderbrukma xazi gausva imas, rom sapensio sakiTxi aris mniSvnelovani

ekonomikuri aspeqtis mqone socialuri sakiTxi da ara mniSvnelovani socialuri

elementis mqone ekonomikuri problema.

socialuri da ekonomikuri keTildReobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna

SeuZlebelia. ekonomikuri keTildReobis gareSe, arc erT qveyanas ar SeuZlia

daakmayofilos Tavisi moqalaqeebis socialuri moTxovnilebebi. magram aseve arc

erT qveyanas ar SeiZleba vuwodoT ayvavebuli, Tu ki am qveynis moqalaqeebs,

saxelmwifos mxridan yovelgvari daxmarebis gareSe, Tavad uwevT siRaribesa da

avadmyofobasTan dapirispireba.



sinamdvileSi, socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis mTavari mizania socialuri

integraciis miRweva da ara mxolod moqalaqeebis minimaluri SemosavliT

uzrunvelyofa. socialuri erTianoba harmoniuli, stabiluri, mSvidobiani da

erTiani sazogadoebis formirebis winapirobaa, maSin roca SemosavlebSi arsebuli

metismetad didi uTanabroba warmoadgens safrTxes demokratiis, socialuri

ganviTarebisa da ekonomikuri zrdisaTvis. socialuri uzrunvelyofa, faqtobrivad,

prevenciuli strategiaa, romelic gamiznulia ZviradRirebuli socialuri

problemebis minimumade Semcirebaze momavalSi da efeqturi daxmarebis

uzrunvelyofaze sazogadoebisTvis.

socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis ZiriTadi principebi

TiToeulma qveyanam unda Camoayalibos sakuTari socialuri uzrunvelyofis

sistema qveynis realuri ekonomikuri, socialuri da politikuri pirobebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis erTiani modeli ar arsebobs,

magram yvela sistema unda Seesabamebodes Semdeg ZiriTad principebs:

savaldebulo gawevrianebis principisavaldebulo gawevrianebis principisavaldebulo gawevrianebis principisavaldebulo gawevrianebis principi

saxelmwifo struqturebis mier formirebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis

sistemebi, umetesad, dafuZnebulia savaldebulo gawevrianebis principze. aRniSnuli

principi SesaZlebels xdis riskebis gaziarebasa da dafarvas, rasac kerZo seqtori

ver an ar uzrunvelyofs, an uzrunvelyofs metismetad maRal fasebSi.

savaldebulo gawevrianeba mniSvnelovania ori ZiriTadi mizezis gamo.

pirveli, sadac minimaluri siRaribis daZlevis pensiebis dafinanseba damokidebulia

saerTo sapensio fondis mier Segrovebul Semosavalze, calkeul pirebs ar unda

hqondeT SesaZlebloba imisa, rom ar miiRon monawileoba socialuri uzrunvelyofis

sistemaSi, mxolod imitom, rom ar surT gaiRon daxmarebis wili maTTvis, visac

ufro dabali Semosavali aqvT. meore da, SesaZloa, ufro mniSvnelovani aris is

faqtori, rom savaraudod, mosaxleobis didi nawili “axlomxedvelia”. aseTi

axlomxedveli adamianebi pensiaze gasvlisaTvis danazogebis dagrovebaze ar

izruneben da Semdeg tvirTad daawvebian saxelmwifos, maSin roca garkveuli zomebis

miRebis SemTxvevaSi, isini SesZlebdnen pensiaze gasvlamde Senatanebis gakeTebas

sakmarisi odenobiT.

savaldebulo sistemebis swori funqcionireba gulisxmobs farTo socialur

konsensuss, romelic am sistemebis samarTlianobisadmi rwmenaze iqneba damyarebuli.

Semdgom, muSakebi Tanaxma iqnebian gaakeTon Senatanebi, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

Tavad an TavianTi warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT, miiReben monawileobas sistemis

SemuSavebisa da marTvis procesSi da im gadawyvetilebebSi, romlebic exeba maTi

Senatanebis gamoyenebas.



socialuri solidarobis principisocialuri solidarobis principisocialuri solidarobis principisocialuri solidarobis principi

socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebi gamiznuli unda iyos socialuri

solidarobis principis ganxorcielebasa da resursebis gadanawilebaze. yvela

adamianma, vinc erTsa da imave riskis winaSe dgas, unda gadaixados kompensacia an

Sesatani, raTa ubeduri SemTxvevis finansuri Sedegebi, romelic Seexeba adamianTa

konkretul ricxvs, koleqtiurad daifaros.

minimaluri standartebiminimaluri standartebiminimaluri standartebiminimaluri standartebi

universaluri dafarvis sistema, daxmarebebis adekvaturoba da sistemis

demokratiuli marTva is minimaluri standartebia, romlebic socialuri

uzrunvelyofis sistemis SemoRebisaTvis aris saWiro.

universaluri dafarvis sistema idealuri iqneboda, magram misi

ganxorcieleba yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli. bevr qveyanaSi, aqtiuri mosaxleobis

did nawils ara aqvs sistematuri samuSao da amitom, misi Semosavlebi ar

eqvemdebareba monitorings, da Sesabamisad, maTi dabegvra SeuZlebelia.

daxmarebebi unda iyos adeqvaturi, prognozirebadi da garantirebuli.

sxvagvarad, sapensio uzrunvelyofis mizani realizebuli ver iqneba.

demokratiuli marTva an muSakTa warmomadgenlebis monawileoba socialuri

uzrunvelyofis sistemis marTvaSi, warmoadgens Sesatanebis meSveobiT dafinansebis

pirdapir Sedegebs.

msoflioSi moqmedi sapensio sistemebi

mTavrobis amocanaa SemuSavdes qmediTunariani da samarTliani sapensio

sistema, pensiebis adeqvaturi ganakveTiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs Sesatanebsa da

daxmarebebs, uflebebsa da valdebulebebs, da aqtiur mosaxleobasa da pensionerebs

Soris balansis Seqmnas.

mTavrobas SeuZlia arCevani gaakeTos ramodenime models Soris, romelic

gansazRvravs sapensio sistemebis ekonomikur da socialur zemoqmedebas da

imavdroulad asaxaven socialuri kontraqtis tips, romelzec damyarebulia

konkretuli sapensio sistemis modeli. sapensio sistemebi SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo

an kerZo marTvis, savaldebulo an nebayofilobiTi monawileobis pirobiT,

gansazRvruli odenobis daxmarebebiT da gansazRvruli odenobis SesatanebiT.

dafarva SeiZleba warmoebdes moqalaqeobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis an daqiravebuli

dasaqmebis mixedviT.

saxelmwifoTa umetesobaSi arCevani gakeTda saxelmwifo PAYG-is (pay-as-you-go) da kerZo PAYE-is (pay-as-you-earn) sistemebs Soris.



PAYG-s sapensio sistemis dafinansebis meqanizms Tu ganvixilavT, aq sapensio

daxmarebaTa mimdinare xarjis dafinanseba xdeba sapensio Senatanebidan, risTvisac

pensionerTa sxvadasxva Taobebs Soris solidarobis principis ganxorcieleba

aucilebel winapirobas warmoadgens. individualuri pensiis gansazRvra, Cveulebriv,

xdeba samuSao staJisa da bolo periodis xelfasis ganakveTis safuZvelze. aseTi

gansazRvruli odenobis daxmarebebis tipis sapensio sistemebSi, risks faraven isini,

visac Sesatanebi Seaqvs.

mocemulma sistemam, romelic moqmedebs ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da

ganviTarebis organizaciis (OECD) wevri qveynebis umetesobaSi, amowura Tavis

SesaZleblobebi. mosaxleobis saerTo, realuri (demografiuli) Tu fiqtiuri

(winasapensio) daberebis Sedegad Seiqmna xarjebis TiTqmis eqsponencialuri mateba

(pensiebi, avadmyofoba) da aqedan gamomdinare, damqiraveblebisa da aqtiuri

mosaxleobisaTvis tvirTi gaizarda.

gansazRvruli odenobis sapensio daxmarebebis sistemebisagan gansxvavebiT,

gansazRvruli (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis an PAYE-s sistemis SemTxvevaSi, romelic

iTvalsiwinebs individualuri angariSebis warmoebas, xdeba Sesatanebis dagroveba da

dabandeba muSaobis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi da, xandazmulobis pensiebi

mWidrod ukavSirdeba saboloo individualur angariSs. mocemuli sapensio

sistemebis Tanaxmad, riskis dafarva xdeba pensionerebis mier. Sesatanebis ganakveTebi

fiqsirdeba da sapensio asakisTvis dagrovebuli kapitalis odenobis gansazRvra

xdeba saprocento ganakveTebis safuZvelze. aSkaraa, rom PAYE-s sapensio sistemebi ver uzrunvelyofen verc garantirebul sapensio daxmarebas da verc solidarobis

principis im xarisxs, romelic aucilebelia minimaluri pensiebis uzrunvelsayofad.

sapensio sistemebis reforma

arsebobs Semdegi ori tipis reforma: parametruli da sistemuri. parametruli

reforma mimarTulia ZiriTadi parametrebis Secvlaze, romlebic akontroleben

sapensio sistemis masStabs da moqmedebis sferos. parametruli reforma gulisxmobs

daxmarebebis mimRebTa rac SeiZleba ufro srul dafarvas da Sesatanebis ganakveTis

regulirebas. sistemuri reforma ki, mizanmimarTulia sapensio sistemis Zireul

restruqturizaciaze.

bolo wlebSi, Cveulebriv, ufro sistemuri reformebi xorcieldeba. es

moicavs gadasvlas winaswar dafinansebul, kerZo marTvis sistemaze, romelic

iTvaliswinebs gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis individualur

angariSwarmoebas.

gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis pringansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis pringansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis pringansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis principicipicipicipi

bevri qveyana irCevs gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis princips imis

gamo, rom mas didi upiratesobebi gaaCnia:



• mobilurobis xelSewyoba;

• fondis mmarTvelebs Soris konkurenciis xelSewyoba;

• sainvesticio politikasTan dakavSirebiT muSakebisaTvis Tavisufali arCevanis

gakeTebis saSualebis micema;

• politikuri damoukideblobis gaZliereba.

amasTan, gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiT) Sesatanebze dafuZnebul models

ramodenime seriozuli susti mxare aqvs:

pirveli, aRniSnuli modeli moiTxovs, rom muSakebma Tavis Tavze aiRon riskis

didi nawili, vinaidan misaRebi daxmarebebis done gacilebiT Znelad

prognozirebadia. muSakebisTvis erT-erT risks warmoadgens is, rom maT mier

dazogili Tanxa SeiZleba arasakmarisi aRmoCndes adeqvaturi pensiis

uzrunvelsayofad. maTi pensiebi SeiZleba araadeqvaturi odenobis iyos kapitalis,

reinvestirebis an inflaciis riskis gamo.

meore, SeiZleba warmoiSvas sirTuleebi anuitetis uzrunvelyofasTan

dakavSirebiT. gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis angariSebi unda

gadayvanil iqnes mudmiv anuitetSi, rac uzrunvelyofs garantias, rom sapensio

Semosavlebis gacema pensiis mimRebTa mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldeba.

mudmiv anuitetSi gadayvanis Sedegad, ori mniSvnelovani strategiuli sakiTxi dgeba:

unda gansxvavdebodes Tu ara anuitetis odenoba sqesis mixedviT? saWiroa Tu ara

anuitetebis mimwodebelTa mier anuitetebis koreqtireba fasebsa da xelfasebSi

momxdari cvlilebebis asaxvis mizniT, muSakis pensiaze gasvlis Semdeg,?

mesame, mTavroba mainc valdebuli rCeba uzrunvelyos mosaxleoba minimaluri

pensiiT.

winaswari dafinansebawinaswari dafinansebawinaswari dafinansebawinaswari dafinanseba

winaswari dafinanseba niSnavs saxsrebis dagrovebas momaval sapensio

gasacemlebTan mimarTebaSi. es koncefcia saSualebas aZlevs pensiebis gadamxdels

uzrunvelyos Semosavlebisa da xarjebis ufro zusti Sesabamisoba da uzrunvelyofs

garantias, rom sapensio dapirebebi Sesruldeba, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu kompania

romelmac aseTi dapirebebi gaakeTa, Sewyvets saqmianobas muSakis pensiaze gasvlis

momentisTvis.

winaswar dafinansebas ramodenime upiratesoba gaaCnia.

pirveli, winaswari dafinansebisas, pensiebis dafinansebis xarjebi ufro

farTod nawildeba. am dros, dafinansebis valdebulebaTa nawili gadadis kapitalze,

riTac farTovdeba baza sapensio SemosavlebisaTvis.

meore, winaswari dafinanseba SesaZlebels xdis mocemuli sapensio daxmarebis

paketis dafinansebas Sesatanis ufro dabali ganakveTiT. es SesaZlebelia mxolod im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu sapensio saxsrebis xarjze miRebuli wminda mogeba (administraciuli

xarjebis gareSe) aRemateba sapensio sistemiT dafaruli Semosavlebis zrdas.



mniSvnelovania warumatebeli investirebis riskis minimizacia da Warbi

administraciuli xarjis Tavidan acileba.

mesame, winaswari dafinanseba zrdis danazogebs. igi gazrdis danazogebs im

donemde, ra donemdec winaswari dafinansebis gegma aiZulebs masSi monawile muSakebs

gaakeTon imaze meti odenobis danazogebi, vidre isini moisurvebdnen.

meoTxe, winaswari dafinanseba SeiZleba dagvexmaros kapitalis bazrebis

efeqturobis gaumjobesebaSi. iq, sadac kapitalis bazrebi arsebobs, magram ar aris

srulad ganviTarebuli, winaswar dafinansebulma pensiebma SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos

bazrebis qmediTunarianobis gaumjobesebas da ekonomikis ufro swraf zrdas.

mexuTe, izrdeba muSakTa moTxovna momaval daxmarebebze.

sapensio dagrovebebi winaswari dafinansebis erTaderTi gza ar aris. sapensio

fondebis garda arsebobs agreTve sxva gzebic, romlebiTac momaval pensionerebs

SeuZliaT daicvan TavianTi Tavi demografiuli cvlilebebisgan da maT Soris:

• maT SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon investiciebi qveynebSi, romelTac demografiulad

ufro axalgazrda mosaxleoba hyavT;

• mTavrobas SeuZlia Seamciros momavali saxelmwifo xarjebi, sapensio xarjebSi

mosalodneli matebis kompensirebisaTvis;

• mTavrobas SeuZlia gadados resursebi momavali mzardi moTxovnebis

dasafaravad.

winaswari dafinanseba amcirebs tvirTs saxelmwifosTvis, magram amgvari

gadawyvetilebis Sedegad saswauls ar unda velodoT. naklebad savaraudoa, rom

winaswari dafinanseba gazrdis mogebis odenobas, romelsac muSakebi iReben sapensio

Semosavlebis sistemis funqcionirebis Sedegad. ufro mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom

winaswari dafinanseba ar Seamcirebs demografiuli daberebis xarjebs. Tu

pensionerebis cxovrebis done unda gaizrdos proporciulad cxovrebis

standartebSi mimdinare saerTo zrdisa, maTTvis gankuTvnili daxmarebis xvedriTi

wili ar Seicvleba. mosaxleobis demografiuli daberebis daxmarebis xarjebis

Semcireba saWiroebs parametrul reformebs (magaliTad, sapensio asakis Secvlas).

parametruli cvlilebebis gareSe, naklebad savaraudoa, rom sistemuri reformebi –

cvlilebebi sapensio sistemis struqturasa da dafinansebis strategiaSi –

mniSvnelovnad imoqmedebs xarjebis odenobaze.

winaswari dafinansebis sistemaze gadasvla moiTxovs detalur analizs,

vinaidan mas ori mniSvnelovani naklovani mxare gaaCnia.

winaswar dafinansebuli sapensio sistemebi xorcieldeba etapobrivad da

sakmaod xangrZliv process warmoadgens. mniSvnelovani cvlileba pensiaze gasuli

mosaxleobis ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi, individualuri dafinansebuli angariSebis

sistemis SemoRebidan mxolod 3-4 aTwleulis Semdeg moxdeba.

PAYG-s sapensio sistemidan winaswar dafinansebaze gadasvla, xanmokle

perspeqtivaSi, aucileblad Seqmnis qveyanaSi finansur sirTuleebsa da sabiujeto



problemebs. gardamavali periodis xarjebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rogorc ormagi

datvirTva momuSave Taobaze, vinaidan momavali pensiisaTvis sakuTari danazogebis

axal tvirTTan erTad, maT mouwevT pensiaze ukve gasuli mosaxleobis pensiebis

dafinanseba.

gardamavali periodis xarjebi, muSakTa erTi TaobisaTvis, winaswar

dafinansebas Zalian ZviradRirebuls xdis: am xarjebis gareSe, pensionerebi,

xangrZlivi gardamavali periodis ganmavlobaSi, bevrad ufro maRali daxmarebebiT

isargeblebdnen; SesaZlebeli iqneboda Semosavlebis gamoyeneba sxva socialuri

miznebisTvis; da, naklebi simZimis vali daawveboda mxrebze amJamindel da momavali

Taobis muSakebs, romlebmac unda Seqmnan materialuri faseulobani saprocento

gadasaxadebis dasafaravad. muSakTa verc erTi Taoba ver SesZlebs an ar moisurvebs

aseTi ormagi tvirTis tarebas.

rogorc Sedegi, mTavrobas sxva gzebiT mouwevs pensiebis dafinanseba

gardamavali periodis TaobisTvis. gardamavali periodis arsebiTi xarjebi (CileSi

- mSp-s 5,7 procenti) unda Segrovdes damatebiTi gadasaxadebis, sxva samTavrobo

programebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli xarjis Semcirebisa an kapitalis bazrebidan

miRebuli sesxebis xarjze.

sapensio sistemebis privatizacia

sapensio sistemebis privatizacia niSnavs, rom pensiebis miwodeba momavalSi

ufro kerZo formiT iqneba organizebuli, vidre adre. principSi, amis miRweva

SeiZleba saxelmwifos funqciebis arasamTavrobo saagentoebisTvis gadacemiT da

kerZo seqtoris mozidviT im sferoebSi, romlebic jer kidev saxelmwifos

kompetenciaSi arian.

qveynebi axorcieleben sapensio sistemebis privatizacias, vinaidan miaCniaT

rom sapensio fondebis saxelmwifo marTva SeiZleba araefeqturi iyos. mTavrobis

miznebs, romlebic sapensio sistemebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli, xSirad Sedegad

mohyveba socialurad da ekonomikurad mizanmimarTuli investiciebi da

mTavrobisTvis iZulebiTi sesxebis gacema, deficitis dasafinanseblad. aRniSnuli

investiciebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad miRebuli mogeba, xSirad sabanko depozitis

ganakveTebze dabalia da TiTqmis yovelTvis Camouvardeba Semosavlebis zrdas.

dabali mogeba uaryofiTad moqmedebs sapensio sistemis finansebze iseve rogorc

mTlianad, qveynis Semosavlis moculobaze.

kerZo marTvas Semdegi upiratesobebi gaaCnia:

• pensiebis investirebis Taobaze gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi politikuri Carevisgan

ufro efeqturi gamijnvis uzrunvelyofa: kerZo marTvaSi arsebuli sapensio

fondebi Cveulebriv ufro maRal mogebas iReben, vidre saxelmwifo marTvaSi

arsebuli fondebi;

• pensionerebisa da muSakebisTvis SeTavazebuli momsaxurebis xarisxis

gaumjobeseba: kerZo marTvaze gadasvla, mouqnel monopolistur biurokratiasTan

saqmis warmoebis momxibvlel alternativas warmoadgens;



• ufro maRali efeqturoba: kerZo firmebs eqneba ufro didi stimuli Seamciros

xarjebi da ukeTesi SesaZleblobebi aqvT teqnologiuri novaciebisa da

Tanamedrove samuSao praqtikis ganxorcielebis mxriv;

• sapensio fondis Tavisufali arCevani: privatizacia xels uwyobs individualuri

arCevansa da pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebas, radganac uzrunvelyofs fondis

mmarTvelis Tavisufali SerCevis saSualebas; uzrunvelyofs momsaxurebis da

muSaobis karg xarisxs fondis mmarTvelTa Soris konkurenciis xarjze da

amdenad, uzrunvelyofs saTanado sapensio daxmarebebs; amcirebs risks

konkurenciisa da sainvesticio SezRudvebis xarjze. muSakebs saSualeba aqvT

gaakeTon arCevani fondebis mmarTvelebs Soris, Tumca es ar gulisxmobs, rom maT

aseve aqvT Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba sainvesticio

strategiebs Soris.

kerZo sapensio uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba bevr kiTxvas badebdes da igi yovelTvis

ar aris saxelmwifo sapensio uzrunvelyofaze ukeTesi varianti. mas ramodenime

seriozuli susti mxare aqvs.

konkurencia klientebis mosapoveblad arsebiT da, zog SemTxvevaSi, metismetad

maRal samarketingo xarjebs iwvevs, romlebsac mohyveba maRali administraciuli

xarjebi, rac amcirebs kerZo seqtoris firmebis ufro maRali saoperacio

efeqturobis xarjze miRebul mogebas da Sesabamisad mohyveba mogebis Semcireba

muSakebisTvis.

rogorc argentinis magaliTi gviCvenebs, saxelmwifosTvis privatizacia Zalian

ZviradRirebuli procesia. argentinaSi socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtoris

privatizaciis Sedegad, mTavrobam dakarga sagadasaxado Semosavlebis didi nawili.

socialuri gadasaxadebi, romlebsac adre mTavroba iRebda Zveli PAYG-is sapensio

sistemis dasafinanseblad, axla kerZo angariSebze iricxeboda. argentina iZulebuli

gaxda aeRo sesxi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sferos privatizaciis Zalian maRali

xarjebis dasafinanseblad.

sapensio fondebis privatizaciam SeiZleba warmoSvas axali problemebi

marTvasTan dakavSirebiT. es moicavs iseT problemebs, rogoricaa instituciuri

funqciebis gansazRvra, aqcionerTa Soris intereseTa konfliqtebi, marTvaSi,

investirebaSi da administrirebaSi profesiuli kompetenciis uqonloba,

angariSwarmoebisa da gamWvirvalobis susti meqanizmebi. sabolood, SeiZleba

daqveiTdes Tavad sapensio fondis efeqturoba da moqalaqeTa ndoba sistemisa da

mTavrobis mimarT.

aRniSnuli problemebi cxadyofs, rom sapensio sistemebis privatizacia ar

aTavisuflebs saxelmwifo seqtors sapensio Semosavlebze pasuxismgeblobisa da

valdebulebisagan. im SemTxvevaSic, sadac sapensio sistemebis administrireba da

dafinanseba nawilobriv gadaeca kerZo seqtors, saxelmwifo institutebi mainc

iTamaSeben mTavar rols kerZo seqtoris mier pensiebis uzrunvelyofaSi.

zogierT qveynaSi dawesebuli aqvT mravali teqnikuri, samarTlebrivi, socialuri,

sagadasaxado da saaRricxvo SezRudvebi kerZo sapensio sistemebze, saxelmwifosa da

momxmareblebis interesebis dasacavad im sferoebSi, romlebic Tavisi



kompleqsurobis gamo, amgvar dacvas saWiroeben. es maregulirebeli da

sazedamxedvelo RonisZiebebi warmoadgenen saWiro dacvas calkeuli muSakebisTvis

da mTlianad sazogadoebisTvis. amgvari zomebis miRebis gareSe, kerZo seqtorma

SeiZleba Seqmnas disbalansi, romelsac grZelvadiani Sedegebi mohyveba.

maSasadame, privatizacia unda ganixilebodes ara rogorc saxelmwifos

monawileobis dasasruli, aramed rogorc axali wamowyeba. igi unda ganixilebodes

rogorc saxelmwifos rolis xelaxali gaazrebisa da formirebis procesi.

saxelmwifos Carevis xarisxi kerZo sapensio sistemebSi, rogorc minimumi, iseTive

rCeba rogorc saxelmwifo sistemebis SemTxvevaSi: “SesaZloa naklebad saxelmwifo

sistema da ueWvelad, sxva saxelmwifo sapensio sistema”.

balansis miRwevis mcdeloba

ukanasknel periodSi, msoflios bevrma qveyanam SemoiRo mravalsafexuriani

sapensio sistema, maT Soris argentinam, boliviam, kolumbiam, ungreTma da Cilem.

amgvari mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistema Seicavs sam sxvadasxva safexurs:

• pirveli safexuri: didi savaldebulo saxelmwifo an naxevrad saxelmwifo

sistema erTi Taobis SigniT da Taobebs Soris gadanawilebis principiT, romelic

SeiZleba iyos srulad dafinansebuli (magaliTad, daniasa da niderlandebSi),

nawilobrivad dafinansebuli (magaliTad, marokoSi, SeerTebul Statebsa da

indoeTSi) an ar iyos dafinansebuli (magaliTad, germaniasa da braziliaSi) da

romelSic gansazRvruli daxmarebebis formula gansazRvravs daxmarebis

odenobas;

• meore safexuri: srulad dafinansebuli, gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiT)

Sesatanebze dafuZnebuli sistemebi, romlebSic daxmarebis odenoba

damokidebulia sapensio asakisTvis muSakis individualur angariSze dagrovebuli

saxsrebis odenobaze. es sistemebi SeiZleba iyos savaldebulo an nebayoflobiTi.

monawileebs SeuZlia daxmarebebis gamotana mTliani Tanxis saxiT, SeuZlia

daxmarebebis gamoyeneba anuitetis SesaZenad an maTi gamotana etapobrivad;

• mesame safexuri: regulirebadi, nebayoflobiTi da kerZo sapensio sistemebi

romlebic emateba pirvel da meore safexurebs.

mocemuli sami safexuri saSualebas aZlevs adamianebs sibereSi finansurad

damoukidebeli darCnen da, SeZlebisdagvarad, SeinarCunon maT mier muSaobis

periodSi miRweuli cxovrebis standartebi.

ramodenime qveyanam SemoiRo socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebi

mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemis paralelurad. qveynebs dawesebuli aqvT

minimaluri pensiebi, uzrunvelyofis sistemis saxiT, da amgvarad gakeTebuli aqvT

arCevani universaluri Tanabari odenobis pensiebsa da miznobriv pensiebs Soris.

pirveli midgoma minimaluri sapensio ganakveTebiT uzrunvelyofisadmi iTvaliswinebs

yvela moqalaqisaTvis an Tundac sapensio sistemis yvela monawilesaTvis Tanabari

ganakveTis daxmarebis uzrunvelyofas. meore midgoma warmoadgens minimums,

romliTac ivseba sxvagvarad xelmisawvdom daxmarebasa da Semosavlis minimalur



dones Soris arsebuli sxvaoba. es minimumi aris mxolod damateba da SeTavazebuli

iqneba maTTvis, visi pensiebic sxvagvarad metismetad dabali iqneboda.

miznobriv midgomas, universalur Tanabar pensiebTan SedarebiT, ori didi

upiratesoba aqvs. es ufro iafi meqanizmia minimaluri Semosavlis garantirebis

mxriv, vinaidan igi gaicema mxolod maTze, visac sxvagvarad arasakmarisi Semosavali

eqneboda. da igi adgils tovebs ufro did SemosavlebTan dakavSirebuli

programisTvis.

miznobrivi midgoma xasiaTdeba ramodenime mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi mxariTac:

saxelmwifosTvis iqmneba gaurkveveli samomavlo valdebuleba da misi

administrireba ufro rTulia, vidre universaluri daxmarebebis administrireba.

qveynebs SeuZliaT SesTavazon TavianT moqalaqeebs mxolod pirveli an mxolod

meore safexuri an orive safexuris kombinacia. magram, bevr qveyanas miaCnia, rom

mravalsafexuriani sistema socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasTan erTad saukeTeso

midgomaa, romelic iTvaliswinebs riskis Semcirebas riskis diversifikaciis xarjze.

aq arsebiTia is, rom riskis diversifikaciisaTvis, pensiebis uzrunvelyofa xdeba

riskis sxvadasxva maxasiaTeblebis mqone sxvadasxva wyaroebidan.

sapensio sistemebis kargi marTva

saxelmwifoebma unda SemoiRon maRalxarisxiani sapensio sistemebi –

saxelmwifo Tu kerZo – imitom, rom TiToeul adamians esaWiroeba dacva

xandazmulobaSi sakmarisi saxsrebis gareSe darCenis riskis winaaRmdeg. marTvis

sakiTxi maSasadame, moqceulia sapensio daxmarebebis saukeTeso gziT uzrunvelyofis

Taobaze mimdinare debatebis centrSi.

marTva warmoadgens konstituciuri, samarTlebrivi da administraciuli

RonisZiebebis kompleqss, romliTac mTavrobebi axorcieleben TavianT Zalauflebas.

es gulisxmobs qveynis ekonomikur, politikur da socialur saqmeTa marTvis

process, dainteresebul mxareTa monawileobis meSveobiT da, bunebrivi, finansuri da

adamianuri resursebis gamoyenebas mTeli mosaxleobis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

marTva moicavs rogorc urTierTobebs, aseve Sesabamisi qcevis modelebs sxvadasxva

agentebs Soris (qmedebis mxare) da wesebs, romlebic gansazRvravs aRniSnuli

urTierTobebis CarCoebs (normatuli mxare).

sapensio sistemebis marTva unda akmayofilebdes or mizans: legitimurobas

(sazogadoebis ndoba organizaciis mier ganxorcielebuli operaciebis mimarT) da

qmediTunarianobas (efeqtianoba da efeqturoba).

socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtorSi marTvis elementebis gamoyenebas

socialuri marTva ewodeba. socialuri marTva moicavs konsultaciebis warmoebisa

da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis instituciur procesebs, romlebic gansazRvraven

marTvis ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli sistemis struqturasa da instituciur

RonisZiebebs, da agreTve, marTvisa da administraciul funqciebs, romlebic sapensio

sistemebis qmediTunarianobasa da funqcionirebis zedamxedvelobasTan arian



dakavSirebuli. socialuri uzrunvelyofis koncefciidan igi gadadis Sesabamisi

instituciuri meqanizmebis SemoRebasa da konkretuli institutebis marTvaze.

kargi socialuri marTva uzrunvelyofs, rom politikuri, socialuri da

ekonomikuri prioritetebi dafuZnebuli iyos farTo konsensusze sazogadoebaSi, rom

yvelaze Raribi da gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis azrs yuradReba mieqces

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi da rom umciresobaTa mosazrebebi

gaTvaliswinebul iqnes. mas moaqvs ufro didi sargebeli sazogadoebis TiToeuli

wevrisaTvis da Sesabamisad mTlianad qveynis ekonomikisaTvis.

SeiZleba gamovyoT kargi socialuri marTvis aTi mizani. aRniSnuli miznebi

dakavSirebulia strategiul sakiTxebTan, institucionalur mowyobasTan da

administraciul valdebulebebTan.

strategiuli amocanebi dakavSirebulia konsultaciebisa da

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesTan, romelic gansazRvravs socialuri

uzrunvelyofis saerTo sistemis struqturas, da saxelmwifo da kerZo sapensio

uzrunvelyofis funqciebsa da im sistemaTa tipebs, romlebic unda iqnes SemoRebuli.

eseni Seicavs:

• iseTi politikis gatareba, romlis drosac socialuri moTxovnilebebis

maqsimalurad gaTvaliswineba moxdeba arsebul erovnul resursebTan

kavSirSi;

• saxelmwifo da kerZo socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis Soris

samarTliani balansis damyareba;

• iseTi meqanizmis formireba, romlebis xels Seuwyoben kanonebis realur

amoqmedebas da Sesabamisad politikuri gadawyvetilebebis efeqturobas;

institucionaluri miznebi aRweren socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis

administrirebisaTvis aucilebel institucionalur RonisZiebebs, da moicavs:

• institucionalur debulebaTa miRebas, romlebic SesaZlebels gaxdian

socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebis efeqtur gamoyenebas;

• procedurebis organizebas, romlebic SesaZleblobas miscems im pirebs,

romlebsac Sesatanebi SeaqvT da maT, vinc daxmarebas iRebs, zegavlena

moaxdinon gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesze da zedamxedveloba gauwion

socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis administrirebas;

• auditoruli meqanizmebis Seqmna resursebis gamoyofisa da marTvis

gakontrolebis mizniT.

samoqmedo amocanebi aRwers institucionalur da administraciul funqciebs,

romlebic dakavSirebulia socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis gamarTulad

muSaobasTan da Seicavs:

• Sesatanebis Segrovebas da daxmarebebis swraf da efeqtur gadaxdas;

• marTvis xarjebis minimumamde Semcirebas gaweuli momsaxurebis xarisxis

daqveiTebis gareSe;



• Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa da daxmarebis mimRebTa informireba maTi uflebebisa da

valdebulebebis Sesaxeb;

• administraciuli saqmianobis monitoringisa da ganxilvisaTvis saWiro meqanizmis

Seqmna.

Mmocemuli miznebis miRweva Zalze mniSvnelovania pensiebis gacemis konteqstSi,

vinaidan gamokvlevam gviCvena, rom sapensio sistemebi savaraudod cudad

funqcionireben im qveynebSi, sadac marTvis done dabalia. saerTod, saxelmwifo

marTvaSi myofi sistemebi uaresad funqcionireben, vidre kerZo marTvis sistemebi.

magram, qveynebi sadac susti marTvaa, kerZo marTvis SemTxvevaSic ki ver miiReben

sasurvel Sedegebs.

mocemuli aTi mizani imaze miuTiTebs, rom kargi socialuri marTva ganisazRvreba

samarTlianobis, gamWvirvalobis, angariSgebisa da monawileobis maxasiaTeblebiT.

aRniSnuli maxasiaTeblebi kargi marTvis niSania da gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs

moqalaqeTa ndobis mopovebaSi. aRniSnuli miznebi aseve cxadhyofs, rom kargi

socialuri marTva idealuri variantia, romlis srulad miRweva Zalze rTulia da

sinamdvileSi, verc erT qveyanaSi ver moxerxda aTive miznis miRweva.

sapensio sistemebis kargi socialuri marTvis aspeqtebi

sapensio uzrunvelyofis konteqstSi kargi socialuri marTvis SemoRebisaTvis

mTavrobebma unda aRiaron Semdegi principebi:

saxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgeblobasaxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgeblobasaxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgeblobasaxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgebloba

saxelmwifo kisrulobs saerTo pasuxismgeblobas sapensio sistemebis

SemuSavebasa da funqcionirebaze, rogorc minimaluri sapensio daxmarebebis

uzrunvelyofis, aseve kerZo sapensio sistemis SemTxvevaSic.

saxelmwifos roli upirveles yovlisa, mdgomareobs politikis SemuSavebasa

da gatarebaSi, kanonebis Seqmnasa da amoqmedebaSi, jansaRi finansuri garemos

CamoyalibebaSi, saxelmwifo da kerZo institutebis zedamxedvelobasa da gamWvirvale

da angariSvaldebuli saorganizacio struqturebisa da sakonsultacio organoebis

dafuZnebaSi.

saxelmwifom aseve unda uzrunvelyos raime formis sapensio daxmareba –

minimaluri pensia – maTTvis, visac ara aqvs SesaZlebloba sakmarisi kapitali

dazogos sapensio asakis miRwevis Semdeg sakuTari Tavis uzrunvelsayofad. sapensio

sistemis privatizaciis SemTxvevaSic ki, saxelmwifo pensionerTa Semosavlebis bolo

garantad rCeba. Tu privatizebul sapensio fondebs ar SeuZliaT pensiebis gadaxda

dapirebuli odenobiT, mag. investiciebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad arasakmarisi

Semosavlis gamo, Zneli warmosadgenia, rom sapensio davalianebis dafarva ar

daekisros mTavrobas.



solidarobisa da Tanabrobis principisolidarobisa da Tanabrobis principisolidarobisa da Tanabrobis principisolidarobisa da Tanabrobis principi

sapensio sistemebi qmediTunariania mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

mosaxleobis yvela jgufi Tavad gamoxatavs da iziarebs erTmaneTisadmi

solidarobas. solidaroba SenarCunebul unda iqnes Taobebs Soris, erTi Taobis

warmomadgenlebsa da mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris.

solidarobis sakmarisi donis misaRwevad sapensio sistemebSi CarTuli unda

iyos moqalaqeTa rac SeiZleba didi ricxvi. socialuri uzrunvelyofa yvelasaTvis

efeqturi ufleba unda iyos. TiToeul pirs sapensio sistemaSi monawileobis ufleba

unda hqondes, erovnebis, rasis, sqesisa an religiis miuxedavad.

uklebliv yvelam unda miiRos monawileoba sapensio sistemebSi Semosavlis

odenobis miuxedavad. sapensio sistemebs unda gaaCndes gadanawilebis meqanizmi,

Sromis bazarze dabali SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis da agreTve maT

sasargeblod, visac uwevda zrunva bavSvebze, invalidebsa da SeuZlo xandazmul

adamianebze.

samarTlianobis TvalsazrisiT, yvela moqalaqe inawilebs valdebulebas

demografiul daberebasTan dakavSirebul problemebze. saxelmwifoebma unda daicvan

tvirTis an xarjebis samarTliani ganawilebis principi. tradiciulad gansazRvruli

Sesatanebis modeli arasakmarisi solidarobiT xasiaTdeba, vinaidan aq adgili aqvs

mosaxleobis daberebasTan dakavSirebul yvela xarjis dakisrebas Sromisunariani

asakis mosaxleobaze.

konsultaciebi da monawileobakonsultaciebi da monawileobakonsultaciebi da monawileobakonsultaciebi da monawileoba

kargi mmarTvelobis struqturebma unda uzrunvelyon rom sapensio sistemebis

wevrTa interesebi saTanadod iqnes warmodgenili im institutebis menejerTa

sabWoebSi, romlebic axdenen pensiebis administrirebas da rom es interesebi

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba investiciebis, daxmarebebisa da Sesatanebis doneebTan da

indeqsaciasTan dakavSirebiT gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros.

Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa da daxmarebis mimRebTa monawileoba sapensio

sistemebis SemuSavebaSi, funqcionirebaSi, administrirebasa da zedamxedvelobaSi

SeiZleba dasabuTebuli iyos sxvadasxva argumentiT: sistemaSi maT mier gakeTebuli

Senatanebis aRiarebis TvalsazrisiT, sistemis finansuri da administraciuli

damoukideblobis mxardasaWerad da damqiravebelTa da muSakTa organizaciebis

legitimurobis gamo.

amgvari TanamSromloba mTavrobebs da damqiraveblebisa da muSakTa

organizaciebs Soris unda gafarTovdes, sapensio sistemebis marTvaSi yvela

moqalaqis mosazidad. sapensio sistemebis marTvaSi marginaluri da naklebad

warmatebul adamianTa mozidviT, mTavroba afarToebs sazogadoebaSi mxardaWeras

aRniSnuli sistemebisadmi.



Rarib da socialurad daucvel moqalaqeebTan konsultirebisa da maTi

prioritetebis gansazRvris Sedegad, socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebs

Cveulebriv, daxmarebis mimRebTaTvis ukeTesi Sedegebi aqvs. imavdroulad, rodesac

Zalisxmeva mimarTulia socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis mier RaribTa

interesebis maqsimalur gaTvaliswinebaze, Sedegad vRebulobT iseT sistemebs,

romlebic ukeT SesZleben gaWirvebulTa moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas.

marTlac, yvela moqalaqesTan urTierTobebis gaRrmaveba xels uwyobs

mTavrobisadmi ndobis Camoyalibebas, mTavrobis funqcionirebis gamWvirvalobisa da

angariSvaldebulobis gaumjobesebas, demokratiis xarisxis amaRlebas,

moqalaqeobriobis ganmtkicebas da ukeTesi saxelmwifo politikis gatarebas, sxva

sityvebiT rom iTqvas – mTavrobis legitimurobis amaRlebas.

marTvis xarisximarTvis xarisximarTvis xarisximarTvis xarisxi

sapensio sistemebis marTva unda ganixilebodes rogorc udidesi mniSvnelobis

mqone sazogadoebrivi ndoba da, Sesabamisad unda mivudgeT udidesi

keTilsindisierebiT, kompetenturobiT da profesionalizmiT yvela doneze. aseTi

marTvis xarisxi namdvilad arsebiTia nebismieri sapensio sistemisTvis.

wevrTa dacva mniSvnelovnad SeiZleba gaumjobesdes, xolo riski minimumamde

Semcirdes, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mmarTvelTa kvalifikacia da reputacia Tavidanve

Semowmdeba da rodesac isini, visac Senatanebi Seaqvs, muSakebi da daxmarebis mimRebi

pirebi, asruleben TavianT movaleobebs.

gamWvirvalobagamWvirvalobagamWvirvalobagamWvirvaloba

gamWvirvaloba viwro gagebiT, gulisxmobs saxelmwifo resursebis

mizanSewonil gamoyenebas da im saSualebebs, romlebiTac monawile mxareebs

SeuZliaT dainaxon rom resursebi daniSnulebisamebr gamoiyeneba. ufro farTo

gagebiT, gamWvirvaloba niSnavs rom saxelmwifo administrirebaSi monawile mxareebs

SeuZliaT Tvali adevnon gadawyvetilebebis miRebis process da dainaxon Tu ra

kriteriumebi da procedurebi gamoiyeneba, da SeuZliaT Seamowmon kanonebisa da

aRiarebuli politikuri kursis cxovrebaSi gatarebis xarisxi.

gamWvirvaloba niSnavs moqalaqeTa uflebas gaecnon administraciul

dokumentebs, informaciasa da wesebis SemoRebis process. kerZo sapensio sistemebSi,

adamianebi saTanadod unda iyvnen informirebulni, raTa SesZlon arCevanis gakeTeba

momsaxurebis konkurent mimwodeblebs Soris, romlebic sTavazoben sxvadasxva

gegmebs, iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva sapensio asaks, daxmarebebis doneebs da a.S.

socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebi xSirad ver axerxeben TavianTi farTo

koncefciebisa da miznebis adeqvaturad axsnas da dazRveul pirTa informirebas maT

pirad angariSebTan dakavSirebul mdgomareobasTan da maT mier gadaxdili

Sesatanebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. amis mizezia garkveulwilad kanonmdeblobis



sirTule, romelic rTuli asaxsnelia dazRveuli pirebisaTvis da

damqiraveblebisaTvis.

apensio sistemebis gamWvirvalobis gaumjobesebis miRweva SesaZloa

sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebis samsaxuris saqmianobis gaumjobesebiT, romelic

gamiznuli iqneba socialuri uzrunvelyofis valdebulebebisa da uflebebis

gamartivebaze da daxmarebebsa da Sesatanebs Soris arsebul kavSirze yuradRebis

gamaxvilebaze.

Sesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis SesrulebaSesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis SesrulebaSesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis SesrulebaSesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis Sesruleba

Sesatanebis ar gadaxda – Sesatanebis odenobisa da gadaxdis sixSiresTan

dakavSirebuli wesebis darRveva – warmoadgens erT-erT udides problemas

socialuri dacvis sistemebisaTvis. es SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu

socialuri uzrunvelyofis administracia Seegueba aseT faqtebs an Tu mas ar

gaaCnia Zalaufleba an resursebi, raTa aiZulos gadamxdelebi Seasrulon maTze

dakisrebuli valdebulebebi.

TiToeuli sapensio sistemis administraciam aqtiurad unda Seuwyos xeli

kanonmdeblobasTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofas, vinaidan gadaxdisgan Tavis daRweva

mniSvnelovan Sedegs axdens sistemis gadaxdisunarianobasa da misadmi ndobis

xarisxze: es moqmedebs monawileebisaTvis daxmarebaTa gadaxdis adeqvaturobaze,

iseve rogorc mTlianad, programis finansur mdgomareobasa da politikur

legitimurobaze. da es qmnis uTanabrobas im damqiraveblebs Soris, romlebic

asruleben valdebulebebs da Sesatanebis ar gadamxdel damqiraveblebs Soris da

Sesabamisad, Sesatanebis gadamxdel da argadamxdel muSakebs Soris.

maSasadame, socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemaTa administraciebi unda

flobdnen garkveul saSualebebs, romelebic uzrunvelyofen kanonmdeblobis

Sesrulebas. kanonis – RonisZiebebi, romlebic aiZulebs kompaniebsa da muSakebs

Seasrulon dadgenili debulebebi – dakavSirebuli unda iyos kanonis darRvevis

sxvadasxva mizezebTan da unda Seicavdes Sesatanebis droulad gadaxdis swrafi

Semowmebis meqanizms, mniSvnelovan jarimas, sasamarTlo wesiT amoRebis procedurebs,

socialuri davalianebis prioritets da inspeqcias, rodesac inspeqtorebs ufleba

aqvT nebismier dros Seamowmon kompaniis safinanso dokumentacia.

gadasaxadebidan Tavis daRwevis problemasTan erTad xSirad gvxvdeba

administraciuli sisusteebi: socialuri uzrunvelyofis bevri sistema did

sirTuleebs ganicdis dazRveul pirTa registraciasTan dakavSirebiT, sirTules

warmoadgens socialuri uzrunvelyofis saidentifikacio nomrebis ganawileba da

imis uzrunvelyofa, rom konkretul pirze gacemuli nomriT SesaZlebeli iyos misi

identificireba miuxedavad imisa, Seicvlis igi samuSao adgils Tu ara.



Sesatanebis SegrovebaSesatanebis SegrovebaSesatanebis SegrovebaSesatanebis Segroveba

rogorc socialuri uzrunvelyofis, sistemaTa aseve sagadasaxado organoebis

administraciebma unda Seagrovon Sesatanebi an gadasaxadebi, da Sesabamisad bevri

saerTo funqcia gaaCniaT:

• yvela sawarmosa da pirebis registracia;

• kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela gadasaxdeli Tanxis maqsimaluri odenobiT

Segroveba;

• kanonis efeqturi aRsruleba, kanonis nebayoflobiT Sesrulebis saerTo donis

amaRlebis mizniT;

• aRricxvis warmoeba.

es saerTo funqciebi advilad eqvemdebareba integracias. Segrovebis erTiani

sistema rogorc gadasaxadebisaTvis aseve socialuri SesatanebisaTvis yovelTvis

ufro momgebiania da amartivebs Segrovebis RonisZiebebs. magram erTiani sistemis

SemoRebisaTvis saWiro iqneba dasabegri da dasazRvevi Semosavlebis harmonizacia,

iseve rogorc muSakTa da gadamxdelTa statusis ganmartebebisa.

sagadasaxado administracias SeuZlia damoukideblad ganaxorcielos socialuri

uzrunvelyofis administraciis funqciebi. saWiro iqneba calkeuli angariSebis

gaxsna orive administraciisTvis da Segrovebuli socialuri Sesatanebis

dauyovnebeli gadaricxva socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemisaTvis.

gaerTianebis midgoma aris specializirebuli midgomis sawinaaRmdego midgoma.

bevrma qveyanam SeimuSava sistema, rodesac sxvadasxva specialuri saagentoebi

sxvadasxva sistemebis administrirebas axorcieleben, zogjer sxvadasxva

profesiuli jgufebis mixedviT. aseTi midgoma amcirebs sxvadasxva riskis masStabebs,

vinaidan dazRveuli riskebi ufri erTgvarovania, Tumca SeiZleba sakamaTo gaxdes

Seesabameba Tu ara igi socialuri dazRvevis principebs, da marTvis konteqstSi,

gamoiwvevs Tu ara funqciebis dublirebas da administraciuli xarjebis zrdas.

daxmarebebis doneebis finansudaxmarebebis doneebis finansudaxmarebebis doneebis finansudaxmarebebis doneebis finansuri usafrTxoeba ri usafrTxoeba ri usafrTxoeba ri usafrTxoeba

daxmarebebis doneebis finansuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa unda

ganixilebodes rogorc kritikuli elementi kerZo sistemebisTvis efeqturi

debulebebis SemuSavebis procesSi. xandazmulobis asakSi Semosavlis dagegvmisas,

kerZo pirebma sami riskis sfero unda gaiTvaliswinon:

• Sromis bazris riski;

• sainvesticio riski;

• inflaciis riski.

Sromis bazris riskebi moicavs yvela gauTvaliswinebel garemoebas, romelmac

SeiZleba SezRudos kerZo piris profesiuli saqmianoba da kariera. magaliTad,

xandazmulobis asakSi saTanado uzrunvelyofis miRweva Znelia dokumenturad



dausabuTebeli dasaqmebis, wyvetili samuSao staJis an umuSevrobis SemTxvevaSi. amis

msgavsad, adeqvaturi sapensio daxmarebis misaRebad SemzRudav garemoebebad SeiZleba

CaiTavlos iseTi garemoebebi, rogorc invalidoba, janmrTelobis problemebi an

bavSvTa da avadmyof moxucTa movla.

sainvesticio riski moicavs danazogebis an investiciebis nawilobriv an srul

dakargvas, rogorc bazris cvalebadobis gamo, aseve sapensio gegmis an misi

sponsoris gakotrebis Sedegad.

maSin, roca bevri saxelmwifo sapensio programa uzrunvelyofs daxmarebebs,

romlebic indeqsirebulia fasebsa Tu xelfasebTan mimarTebaSi, inflaciis riski

bevr kerZo sapensio sistemaSi mTlianad ekisreba kerZo pirs, Tu ki anuitetebi ar

aris indeqsirebuli inflaciasTan mimarTebaSi.

Tu sainvesticio da inflaciis riski mxolod kerZo pirs ekisreba, unda

vivaraudoT, rom Sedegad pensionerTa jgufebs Soris iqneba maRali donis

uTanabroba da rom safrTxe Seeqmneba xamdazmulobis asakSi maT ekonomikuri

keTildReobas.

mTavrobebma unda uzrunvelyon daxmarebebis doneebis finansuri usafrTxoeba

maregulirebeli normebis farglebSi.

angariSgebaangariSgebaangariSgebaangariSgeba

ndobiT aRWurvili pirebi, romlebsac evalebaT gadawyvetilebebis miReba

mTavrobaSi, kerZo seqtori da samoqalaqo sazogadoebaTa organizaciebi valdebulni

arian TavianTi moqmedebebis Sesaxeb angariSi warudginon yvela monawile moqalaqisa

da institucionalur monawile mxareebis winaSe. angariSgeba SeiZleba

Semoifarglebodes mxolod finansuri SedegebiT an SeiZleba faravdes rogorc

finansur, aseve saoperacio Sedegebs.

gaero-s saxelmZRvanelo mTavrobaTa angariSgebis Sesaxeb gansazRvravs

angariSgebis sam mizans:

• fiskaluri angariSgeba uzrunvelyofs moqmedi kanonebisa da debulebebis

Sesrulebas, finansuri dokumentaciisa da angariSebis sizustes da rom isini

warmoadgenen mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebuli operaciebis realur Sedegebs;

rom angariSebi da moxsenebebi droulad aris gamoqveynebuli da rom xarjebi

kanoniT gansaszRvruli asignaciebis farglebSia;

• menejerTa angariSgeba, romelic aqcents akeTebs mmarTvelebisaTvis informaciis

uzrunvelyofis saWiroebaze, rac uzrunvelyofs operaciebis efeqturobas,

ekonomiurobasa da danakargebis Tavidan acilebas;

• programis ganxorcielebis Sedegebis angariSi, romelic moiTxovs programis

Sefasebas efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT, imis dasadgenad Tu ramdenad aRwevs

programa an konkretuli saqmianoba dasaxul miznebs.



im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac angariSgebis sistema damkvidrebulia, rig qveyanebSi

igi kargad ver funqcionirebs da ver asaxavs mosaxleobis umetesobis interesebs.

kidev ufro uaresadaa saqme umciresobaTa, qalTa da RaribTa interesebis dacvis

TvalsazrisiT.

xarjebis Semcirebaxarjebis Semcirebaxarjebis Semcirebaxarjebis Semcireba

pensiebis done, nawilobriv, damokidebulia sapensio sistemis administrirebis

xarjebze. aRniSnuli administrirebis xarjebi sakmaod didi moculobisaa da

gansakuTrebiT mZimed awveba Sromis bazris yvelaze sust monawileebs. rac Seexeba

dabali Semosavlis mqone kerZo pirebis danazogebs, aRniSnuli xarjebis xvedriTi

wili kidev ufro maRalia, vinaidan individualuri angariSebis administrireba

fiqsirebuli xarjebis komponents Seicavs.

rogorc wesi, kerZo administrirebis sistemebs bevrad ufro maRali xarjebi

aqvT, vidre efeqturi administrirebis mqone saxelmwifo sistemebs, da mosalodneli

ufro maRali sainvesticio mogeba yovelTvis ver axdens ufro didi moculobis

xarjebis kompensirebas. sistemaSi yvela monawileTa momavlis uzrunvelsayofad,

unda Semcirdes xarjebi, romlebic Senatanebidan iqviTeba da, romlebic pirdapir da

mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens kerZo pirebis mier TavianT angariSebze

akumilirebuli Tanxebis moculobasa da Sesabamisad, maT momaval pensiebze.

maregulirebeli baza da zedamxedvelobamaregulirebeli baza da zedamxedvelobamaregulirebeli baza da zedamxedvelobamaregulirebeli baza da zedamxedveloba

iq sadac saxelmwifo Tavad ar axorcielebs sistemebis marTvas, man unda

SemoiRos maregulirebeli normatiuli aqtebi da paralelurad, Camoayalibos

mkacri zedamxedvelobis meqanizmebi, individualuri Senatanebis dasacavad

xangrZlivi periodis manZilze.

maregulirebeli baza

maregulirebeli baza moicavs samarTlebrivi instrumentebis kompleqss,

romliTac marTvis institutebi aweseben valdebulebebs an SezRudvebs

sazogadoebaSi moqcevis wesze. socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtorSi normatiuli

aqtebis mTavari amocanaa daicvas am sistemebSi monawile adamianebi da

gansakuTrebiT, maTi ufleba samarTliani da adeqvaturi daxmarebebis miRebaze da

aseve, am sistemebis gadaxdisunarianobis uzrunvelyofa.

sapensio sistemebis maregulirebelma debulebebma unda uzrunvelyon

adeqvaturi odenobis pensiebis miReba sapensio asakis moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic

muSaobis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi ixdidnen Sesatanebs.

maregulirebeli normebi socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtorSi unda

pasuxobdnen sam ZiriTad moTxovnas: isini unda uzrunvelyofdnen an aumjobesebdnen

samarTlianobis xarisxs moqalaqeebs Soris, uzrunvelyofdnen an aumjobesebdnen



dapirebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis daxmarebaTa adeqvaturobis dones da

uzrunvelyofdnen daxmarebebisa da dabandebuli saxsrebis finansur usafrTxoebas.

daxmarebebis finansuri usafrTxoeba unda ganixilebodes rogorc kritikuli

elementi kerZo sapensio sistemebisaTvis efeqturi maregulirebeli meqanizmebis

SemuSavebaSi, vinaidan kerZo sapensio sistemebi xasiaTdeba mTeli rigi finansuri

riskebiT, romlebic saTanadod unda iqnes Tavidan acilebuli da romlebic

saWiroeben mudmiv zedamxedvelobas. aq umTavresi mizania Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa

dacva im Sedegebisagan, romlebic mohyveba sponsoris gakotrebas, sapensio gegmis

arasakmaris dafinansebas araswori teqnikuri da/an sainvesticio gadawyvetilebebis

miRebis gamo, mmarTvelTa mier Tanxebis araswori gankargvis an daxmarebebis

uzrunvelyofaSi monawile sxva finansuri organizaciebis mier nakisri

valdebulebebis arSesrulebis gamo.

saxelmwifo da kerZo sapensio seqtorebis regulirebis xarisxi moqmedebs ara

mxolod yvela moqalaqeze, aramed qveynis ekonomikur konkurentunarianobazec.

regulirebis xarisxs arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs ekonomikuri saqmianobisa da

saxelmwifos efeqturi marTvisTvis.

sapensio sistemis kargi marTvis principebi - saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobas,

solidaroba, damakmayofilebebeli Semosavali, konsultaciebi da monawileoba,

finansuri usafrTxoeba, xarjebis Semcireba, gamWvirvaloba, kanonos aRsruleba da

marTvis xarisxi - safuZvlad unda daedos maregulirebeli bazis Camoyalibebas.

zedamxedveloba

sapensio sistemebis gamarTuli funqcionirebisaTvis Sesabamisi

maregulirebeli bazis Seqmna sakmarisi ar aris. sapensio fondebi unda

imyofebodnen zedamxedvelobis qveS: mTavrobebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom mzardi

kerZo seqtori, romelic sakuTar interesebs icavs, mTlianobaSi, aseve

akmayofilebdes sazogadoebis moTxovnebs.

sapensio fondebis zedamxedveloba unda ganxorcieldes specialuri organos

mier da unda moicavdes sam ZiriTad aspeqts, kerZod: mosalodneli salicenzio

saqmianoba, mimdinare monitoringi da inspeqtireba da problemebis gadawyveta

sasamarTlo ganxilvisa da dajarimebis wesiT.

fondebis licenzireba, romelic aucilebelia maT mier saqmianobis

dasawyebad, iTvaliswinebs mTel rig procedurebs. licenziebis gacemamde, fondebma

unda warmoadginon mravali dokumenti imis dasadastureblad, rom isini

akmayofileben minimaluri kapitalis dones, rezervebis moTxovnas an sxva finansur

kriteriumebs. fondis marTvis organizebis samarTlebrivi forma, biznesisa da

marketingis gegmebi, sainvesticio politika da Sesabamisi personalis kvalifikacia

yuradRebiT unda iqnes Seswavlili, raTa winaswar Sefasdes maTi Sesabamisoba

kanoniT da debulebebiT dadgenil moTxovnebTan.



umetesad, zedamxedvelobis programebis mTavari mizania fondebis saqmianobis

monitoringi. es moicavs saqmianobis or mTavar formas: sapensio fondebis finansuri

mdgomareobis angariSebis Seswavla (gare Semowmeba) da Semowmebis ganxorcieleba

adgilze (Sida Semowmeba). adgilze Semowmebebi xSirad zedamxedvelobis programis

yvelaze xiluli elementia. praqtikulad, yvela samarTlebrivi sistema

uzrunvelyofs zedamxedvel organoebs angariSebisa da sxva Sesabamisi masalebis

adgilze Semowmebis uflebiT.

sanqciebis gamoyeneba sasamarTlo ganxilvisa an dajarimebis miznebisaTvis,

Cveulebriv, zedamxedvelobis programis yvelaze rTuli nawilia. zedamxedvelTa

kompetenciaSi Semavali sanqciebi moicavs pirebis ganTavisuflebas maT mier fondSi

dakavebuli Tanamdebobebidan, maT samudamod mocilebas sapensio fondebis

saqmianobaSi monawileobisagan da aramizanSewonilad miCneuli operaciebis gauqmebas.

danakargis kompensirebis, jarimebisa da ufro seriozuli problemebis SemTxvevaSi

sisxlis samarTlis sanqciebi Cveulebriv aseve xelmisawvdomia zedamxedvelobis

organosaTvis, Tumca amgvari zomebis miRebis ufleba SeiZleba maT ar hqondeT

miniWebuli.

zedamxedvelobis organos unda gaaCndes saTanado maregulirebeli da

iZulebiTi zomebis gatarebis ufleba, da sasurvelia, rom mas hqonoda swrafi

moqmedebis ufleba kargad gansazRvruli meqanizmebis Sesabamisad. amasTan,

zedamxedvelobis organos unda gaaCndes saTanado dacva mis winaaRmdeg

sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis SemTxvevaSi. sasamarTlo procesis, gadaWarbebuli

reagirebis, umoqmedobisa da Carevis riskebis Sesamcireblad saWiroa zustad

gansazRvruli uflebebi da obieqturi samarTlebrivi baza.

daskvna

qmediTunariani sapensio sistemis formireba mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs

socialuri samarTlianobisa da socialuri integrirebis miznis miRwevaSi. rogorc

kofi ananma aRniSna “kargi marTva SesaZloa erTaderTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani

faqtoria siRaribis AaRmofxvris da ekonomiuri zrdis xelSewyobaSi”.

sapensio sistemebis kargi marTva xels uwyobs am sistemebis qmediTunarianobis

zrdasa da maT mimarT ndobis amaRlebas. sapensio sistemebis efeqturoba,

faqtobrivad, kargi marTvis sakiTxia da mniSvneloba ara aqvs es sistemebi

saxelmwifoa Tu kerZo. sapensio sistemebis efeqturobas, sinamdvileSi,

administrirebis efeqturoba gansazRvravs.

magram sapensio sistemebis kargi marTva sakmaod rTuli amocanaa. igi

moiTxovs saqmianobis gamWvirvalobas, konkretuli qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT SemuSavebul da formirebul maregulirebel bazasa

da efeqtur sazedamxedvelo organos da aseve, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

monawileobis uzrunvelyofas warmatebuli sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi.



sapensio sistemis marTvaSi arsebuli susti mxareebis aRmosafrxvelad

privatizacia yovelTvis ar aris gamosavali: arsebulma problemebma SeiZleba sxva

formiT iCinos Tavi an sxva problemebiT Canacvldes.

sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, rogor sapensio sistemas airCevs mTavroba -

saxelmwifos Tu kerZos, naklebad mniSvnelovania. sapensio uzrunvelyofis

TvalsazrisiT, aq gadamwyvet faqtors kargi marTva warmoadgens.

saqarTvelosTvis, sapensio sistemebis qmediTunarianobis misaRwevad, qveynaSi

mimdinare socialuri, ekonomikuri da demografiuli gardaqmnebis konteqstSi,

yvelaze seriozul amocanaa - efeqturi marTvis uzrunvelyofa.

darwmunebuli var, rom socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociacias

didi daxmarebis AaRmoCena SeuZlia misaRwevi miznebis gansazRvrisa da nebismieri

saxis dokumentaciiT uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi.

gisurvebT warmatebas!

danarTi II.

socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakanonmdeblo baza


irakli koplataZis, socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis direqtoris prezentazia saerTaSoriso konferenciaze

“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da

socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier Tbilisi, 2002 wlis 18-20 seqtemberi

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani problema, romlis winaSec dgas socialuri

uzrunvelyofisa da saxelmwifo sapensio sistema saqarTveloSi, aris araadeqvaturi

samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli baza, romelic sabWouri memkvidreobisa da

mimdinare finansuri sirTuleebis naerTs warmoadgens.

1998 da 2000 wlebs Soris periodSi, saxelmwifo sapensio sistemasTan

dakavSirebuli ramodenime kanonproeqti iqna SemuSavebuli. 1998 wels, Sromisa da

socialuri dacvis saministrosTan arsebuli sapensio departamentis mier SemuSavda

kanonebi saxelmwifo socialuri dazRvevis, saxelmwifo pensiebisa da samedicino

Semowmebis Sesaxeb. 1999 wels, samuSao jgufma, romelsac saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

ministris moadgile xelmZRvanelobda, moamzada winadadebebi saqarTveloSi

socialuri da samedicino dazRvevis seqtoris reformisaTvis. samwuxarod, yvela

aRniSnuli dokumenti garkveulwilad ararealurad afasebda saqarTvelos ekonomikis

SesaZleblobebs.

2002 wlis dasawyisSi, saqarTvelos jandacvis, Sromisa da socialuri dacvis

saministrom da saxelmwifo gaerTianebulma socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondma,

msoflio bankis socialuri dacvis jgufTan mWidro TanamSromlobis gziT,

SeimuSaves savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevisa da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakiTxTa

maregulirebeli kanonproeqtebis axali paketi. es paketi Seicavs Semdeg

kanonproeqtebs: “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb”, “savaldebulo

sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb” da “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi

individualuri (personificirebuli) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis

SemoRebis Sesaxeb”.

kanonproeqti savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb

aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis mizania, qveynis socialuri sferos gardaqmna da

misi dafuZneba sadazRvevo principebze; axali samarTlebrivi bazis Camoyalibeba da

ganviTareba, romelic gamiznuli iqneba mosaxleobis saqarTvelos konstituciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli socialur dacvis uflebebis ganxorcielebasa da Sesabamisad

mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis realur garantiebs uzrunvelyofaze. mocemuli

kanonproeqti gansazRvravs samarTlebriv, ekonomikur da saorganizacio safuZvlebs

mosaxleobis savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevisaTvis.



kanonproeqti momzadda 2002 wlis 7 aprilis saqarTvelos prezidentis

brZanebuleba # 156-is safuZvelze “saqarTvelos socialuri ganviTarebis koncefciis

realizaciis pirveli rigis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb” da saqarTveloSi Seqmnili axali

ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

aRniSnuli dokumenti iqneba CarCo kanoni, romelic daaregulirebs mxolod

savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis principebs qvemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo

Semosavlis dakargvis SemTxvevebTan mimarTebaSi: a)asakis, SezRuduli

SesaZleblobisa da marCenalis dakargvis gamo; b) droebiTi Sromisuunaroba;

g) orsuloba da mSobiaroba; d) bavSvis movla 1,5 wlamde e) umuSevrobis dazRveva;

v) daxmareba dazRveuli piris gardacvalebisas; z) janmrTelobis reabilitacia;

T) savaldebulo samedicino dazRveva.

socialuri dazRvevis sistema aris universaluri sistema, romelic moicavs

yvela ekonomikurad aqtiur muSaks, TviTdasaqmebulTa da soflis meurneobis muSakTa

CaTvliT da emyareba erTiani socialuri dazRvevis Sesatanis (dReisaTvis, 33

procenti) savaldebulo gadaxdas. muSakTa Sesatani dakavSirebulia individualuri

xelfasis ganakveTTan, xolo TviTdasaqmebulebi da fermerebi Sesatans Semcirebuli

ganakveTiT ixdian, romelic Seadgens 18 procents da ganisazRvreba qveyanaSi

saSualo xelfasis doniT.

marTalia, kanonproeqti Seicavs zogad debulebebs umuSevrobis dazRvevasTan

dakavSirebiT, savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemis nawilis saxiT, magram

misi SemoReba jer-jerobiT gadaideba, vinaidan dRes, saqarTveloSi, umuSevroba

sistematuri xasiaTisaa da ara cikluri. amgvar viTarebaSi, umuSevrobis dazRvevas

arc ekonomikuri da arc socialuri riskis marTvis gamarTleba ar gaaCnia.

saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi, yuradReba gamaxvildeba umuSevrobis Tanabari

odenobis daxmarebis uzrunvelyofaze, SedarebiT moklevadiani periodisaTvis,

maTTvis vinc samuSao dakarga.

aRniSnuli sadazRvevo SemTxvevebis garda, kanonproeqti ganixilavs

daxmarebebis SemoRebis sakiTxs janmrTelobis reabilitaciis, dazRveuli piris

gardacvalebisas da bavSvis 1,5 wlamde movlis SemTxvevebSi. Cveni Sefasebebis

Tanaxmad, am damatebiTi programebis xarji fondis saerTo sadazRvevo Semosavlebis

3 procents Seadgens, romlis dafinanseba moxdeba Sesatanebis bazis mosalodneli

gafarToebis xarjze, sesf-sTvis savaldebulo Sesatanebis administrirebis funqciis

gadacemis Semdeg. amrigad, sadazRvevo menius gafarToeba ar moiTxovs saxelmwifo

biujetis gadaricxvebisa Tu xarjebis ramdenadme gazrdas.

amJamad, nebismieri xelfasis ganakveTi eqvemdebareba socialuri dazRvevis

Sesatanis gadaxdas. kanonproeqts Semoaqvs socialuri dazRvevis Sesatanebis baza,

romelsac gaaCnia minimaluri da maqsimaluri xelfasis doneebi, qveyanaSi saSualo

xelfasis procentiT gamosaxuli (magaliTad, 65 procenti, rogorc minimumi da 1,000

procenti, rogorc maqsimumi). savaraudoa, rom es Seamcirebs Sesatanebis gadaxdisgan

Tavis aridebis farTod gavrcelebul SemTxvevebs.



kanonproeqti ganixilavs saxelmwifosa da fondis valdebulebaTa

erTmaneTisgan gamijvnis sakiTxs: saxelmwifo biujetidan unda ganxorcieldes

sadazRvevo SemTxvevebs ardaqvemdebarebuli yvela socialuri daxmarebis

dafinanseba. weliwadSi amgvari daxmarebebis odenoba, saSualod, 86 milion lars

Seadgens, maSin roca fondi, gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli gadaricxvis saxiT,

saxelmwifo biujetidan mxolod 47,3 milion lars iRebs. mocemuli kanonproeqtis

ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, arasadazRvevo daxmarebebis sruli dafinanseba saxelmwifo

biujets daekisreba. Sedegad, fondi SesZlebs TandaTanobiT dafaros 1998-2000 wlebis

sapensio davalianeba.

kanonproeqti savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb

aRniSnuli kanonproeqti aregulirebs savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebs da

Sesabamisad, ganasxvavebs yvela arasadazRvevo daxmarebebs (iseTs, rogoricaa

socialuri pensiebi, samxedro pensiebi da a.S.), romelTa daregulireba,

administrireba da dafinanseba cal-calke unda warmoebdes.

kanonproeqti daaregulirebs sapensio sistemis pirvel safexurs. ekonomikuri,

instituciuri, finansuri da fiskaluri mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi Sefasebulia

rogorc araxelsayreli saSualo perspeqtivaSi meore safexuris (savaldebulo,

srulad dafinansebuli, kerZo) warmatebiT SemoRebisaTvis. kanonproeqti ar

iTvaliswinebs pensiaze adre gasvlis an privilegirebuli daxmarebebis pirobebs

(damatebiTi daxmareba pensionerTa konkretuli kategoriebisaTvis), raTa

uzrunvelyofili iyos savaldebulo sapensio sadazRvevo sistemis qmediTunarianoba

da yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomoba.

sapensio sistema dafuZnebuli iqneba pirobiT-dagrovebiT Sesatanebze,

Tanabari minimaluri odenobis daxmarebebiT (pensiis sabaziso nawili), romlebic

garantirebuli iqneba yvela monawile pirTaTvis, romlebic minimalur sapensio

moTxovnebs daakmayofileben. es saSualebas miscems saqarTvelos, solidarobis

principze damyarebuli minimaluri garantiis uzrunvelyofasTan erTad, ukeT

daukavSiros erTmaneTs daxmarebebi da Sesatanebi.

saqarTvelos sesf-is mier ganxorcielebuli aqtuaruli1 analizis safuZvelze

gansazRvrulia sistemis Semdegi ZiriTadi parametrebi: sapensio asaki - 65 weli,

rogorc mamakacebisTvis aseve qalebisaTvisac (qalebisaTvis sapensio asaki 60 wlidan

TandaTanobiT 65 wlamde gaizrdeba, naxevari weli erT kalendarul weliwadSi);

minimaluri sadazRvevo staJi – 15 weli; ZiriTadi pensia – qveyanaSi wina wlis

saSualo xelfasis 13 procenti. pensiis pirobiT-dagrovebiTi nawili gaangariSdeba

sapensio asakSi sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tanabrad

rogorc mamakacebisaTvis aseve qalebisaTvis. pirobiTi kapitalis valorizacia

moxdeba yovelwliurad, fasebis indeqsis mixedviT, romelsac daericxeba xelfasis

saSualo mateba. igive meqanizmi iqneba gamoyenebuli ukve daniSnuli daxmarebebis

indeqsirebisTvis, magram pirvel etapze maTi indeqsacia moxdeba pirobiTad, sesf-is

xelT arsebuli resursebis farglebSi. savaraudoa, rom axali sistemis pirobebSi

1 sadazRvevo gamoTvlebze dafuZnebuli (red.).



saSualo Canacvlebis koeficienti (saSualo pensia saSualo xelfasTan mimarTebaSi)

33 procenti iqneba.

sapensio dazRvevis Sesatanebi (dReisaTvis, 28 procenti) daiyofa or nawilad:

erTi dafaravs pensiis ZiriTad nawils (romelic solidarobis Sesatanebzea

dafuZnebuli), xolo meore aRricxuli iqneba individualur angariSebze. mocemuli

kanonproeqtiT Tavdapirvelad gaTvaliswinebulia 20+8 proporciiT dayofa (aqedan,

20 procentuli punqti - solidarobis Sesatanebis nawilis dasafaravad,

8 procentuli punqti - individualur angariSebze dasaricxavad). mosalodnelia, rom

pirobiT-dagrovebiTi nawilis wili TandaTanobiT gaizrdeba.

kanonproeqtis ZalaSi Sesvlamde muSakTa mier mopovebuli sapensio uflebebi,

gadayvanili iqneba sawyis pirobiT kapitalSi, Semdegi parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT:

saSualo xelfasi axali sistemis SemoRebamde erTi wliT adre, samuSao staJis

xangrZlivoba da Sesatanebis ganakveTis koeficienti, romelic axal sistemaSi

gamoyenebuli procentuli punqtebis tolia, romlebsac iyeneben Sesatanebis

gadasayvanad pirobiT-dagrovebiT nawilSi (0,08).

individualuri samuSao staJi dasaqmebulebisaTvis gansazRvruli iqneba

Sromis wignakebSi gakeTebuli Canawerebis safuZvelze. rac Seexeba fermerebsa da

TviTdasaqmebulebs, maT damatebiT unda waradginon Sesatanebis gadaxdis

damadasturebuli sabuTebi. axali sistemis SemoRebis Semdeg, sadazRvevo staJi

gansazRvruli iqneba individualur angariSebSi aRricxul monacemebze dayrdnobiT.

Sromisuunarobis pensiebi gaicema pirveli (mZime) da meore (sakmaod mZime)

kategoriebisaTvis. dasaqmebis staJis minimaluri xangrZlivoba - 15 welia.

moqmedi sistemisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs 100 procentian

pensias marCenalis kmayofaze myofi TiToeuli ojaxis wevrisaTvis, axali sistema

uzrunvelyofs damatebiT Tanxas marCenalis dakargvis Semdeg mis kmayofaze myofi

ojaxis wevrebisaTvis, maTi raodenobis mixedviT, romelic daericxeba maT mier

misaReb pensias. amave dros, gardacvlili marCenalis kmayofaze myofi ojaxis

TiToeuli wevri uzrunvelyofili iqneba garantirebuli minimumiT.

kanonproeqti savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi individualuri (personificirebuli ) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis sadazRvevo principebze

gadasvla aucileblad moiTxovs muSakTa (dazRveul pirTa) da damqiravebelTa

(damzRvevTa) aRricxvis, personificirebuli aRricxvis daregulirebas da

individualuri angariSebis SemoRebas, rogorc yvelaze aprobirebuli da

ganviTarebuli sistemisa. personificirebuli aRricxvis sistemis dafuZneba

socialuri dazRvevis amosavali wertilia.



mocemuli kanonproeqti mkafiod gansazRvravs saqarTvelos sesf-s funqciebs

socialuri sadazRvevo Sesatanebis amoRebaze, aRricxvasa da valorizaciaze

kontrolis, monitoringisa da meTvalyureobis ganxorcielebaSi.

personificirebuli aRricxva moxdeba pirobiT-dagrovebiTi danazogebis

angariSebis SemoRebisa da samuSao staJis, Semosavlisa da sadazRvevo Sesatanebis

Sesaxeb swori da sruli informaciis uzrunvelyofis safuZvelze. am informaciaze

dayrdnobiT, gansazRvruli iqneba sadazRvevo gasacemlis odenoba (pensia, daxmareba

da a.S.). aRricxvis monacemTa baza uzrunvelyofs saWiro informacias sadazRvevo

gasacemlis xarjebis dagegmvisaTvis, sadazRvevo Sesatanebis ganakveTis

koreqtirebisa da sadazRvevo gasacemlebis Sesaxeb monacemTa gaanalizebisaTvis.

kanonproeqti aRwers individualuri (personificirebuli) aRricxvis

organizebis sistemas, ayalibebs dazRveuli piris individualuri angariSis

damuSavebis wesebs, gansazRvravs dazRveuli piris Sesaxeb informaciis wardgenisa

da Senaxvis wesebs muSakis, damqiraveblisa da TviTdasaqmebulis mier dazRvevisaTvis,

ganixilavs dazRveuli piris, damzRvevis da mzRvevlis valdebuleba-

pasuxismgeblobas kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi da gansazRvravs mxareTa Soris

davebis mogvarebis wess.

kanonproeqti garkveulad miuTiTebs saqarTvelos moqmed sakanonmdeblo

aqtebze, romlebic aregulireben monacemTa konfidencialurobis sakiTxs.

kanonproeqtis gansaxorcieleblad, msoflio bankis programa uzrunvelyofs

finansur daxmarebas 1,5 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT. damatebiTi dafinanseba

saxelmwifo biujetidan saWiro ar aris.

mosaxleobisaTvis informaciis uzrunvelyofa

amasTan, socialuri reformebisaTvis logikuri dasabuTebis gansazRvris

mizniT saWiroa sistemaSi struqturuli cvlilebebisadmi arsebuli midgomebis

Sesaxeb sazogadoebis informaciiT uzrunvelyofis strategiebis SemuSaveba. am

mizniT, saqarTvelos SeuZlia gamoiyenos sazogadoebis saganmanaTleblo kampaniebis

warmatebuli modelebi, romlebic ukve ganxorcielda sxva qveynebSi. es modelebi

daexmareba saqarTvelos farTo sazogadoebisaTvis informaciis uzrunvelyofis

saukeTeso gzebis moZiebaSi. saganmanaTleblo programebi, romlis miznebSi Sedis

reformebis ganxorcielebis aucileblobisa da maTi arsis ganmarteba, xels

Seuwyobda mosaxleobis politikuri nebis Camoyalibebis procesis daCqarebas, Tu ki

es programebi CarTuli iqneba saerTo strategiaSi reformis sawyis etapebze.

danarTi III.

saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada


leqso liparteliani, analitikosi, kompania “Galt & Taggart Securities LLC”

dRes saqarTvelo warmoadgens gardamavali ekonomikis mqone post-sabWour

saxelmwifos. ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg qveyanam Zlieri ekonomikuri vardna ganicada.

dReisaTvis ekonomikuri reformebis gatareba da stabiluri ekonomikuri zrda

krizisuli mdgomareobidan gamosvlis da dasavleTze orientirebuli demokratiuli

sazogadoebis formirebis erTaderT saSualebas warmoadgens. aq, Cven warmodgenili

gvaqvs ukanaskneli wlebSi qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mokle analizi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom ekonomikuri ganviTarebis arsebuli tendenciebi jer kidev Sorsaa

sasurvelisagan, rac naTlad Cans saqarTvelos finansuri bazris mdgomareobaze

dakvirvebiT. Tumca, niSandoblivia, rom iseTi metad mniSvnelovani seqtorebi,

rogoricaa sabanko saqmianoba da kavSirgabmuloba, zrdis Zalian maRal tempebs

inarCuneben, rac safuZvels gvaZlevs optimisturad ganvewyoT qveynis saSualo da

grZelvadiani ganviTarebis perspeqtivis mimarT.

mTliani Sida produqti

90-ani wlebis dasawyisSi ganviTarebulma politikurma movlenebma zegavlena

moaxdines saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebis donesa da struqturaze.

1990-94 wlebSi, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis da qveyanaSi gaCaRebuli samoqalaqo omis

Sedegad, qveynis mSp-ma mniSvnelovani vardna ganicada. am periodis ganmavlobaSi,

qveynis mSp 70 procentze metiT Semcirda, rac, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxva

qveynebTan SedarebiTac ki, daujereblad didi ricxvia. Tumca, 1995 wlidan,

saqarTveloSi politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis daregulirebis Semdeg, mSp-s

maCvenebeli stabilurad izrdeboda. ekonomikurma zrdam miaRwia maRal erT-niSna da

or-niSna doneebs, Sesabamisad 1996 da 1997 wlebSi. magram, 1998 wels, ruseTis

finansuri krizisis zemoqmedebis Sedegad, ekonomikuri zrdis tempi Senelda.

miuxedavad amisa, prognozirebadi fulad-sakredito politika da saprocento

ganakveTebis Semcireba, SeiZleba miCneul iqnas sainvesticio procesis dawyebis,

Sedegad ki qveynis ekonomikuri gajansaRebis procesis daCqarebis, sawyisad

saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi.



nax. 1: nax. 1: nax. 1: nax. 1: mSp----is realuri zrda, 1990is realuri zrda, 1990is realuri zrda, 1990is realuri zrda, 1990----2002002002003 ww. 3 ww. 3 ww. 3 ww.

100%

79%

43% 31% 28% 28% 31% 34% 35% 36% 37% 38% 40% 42%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

p

wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi

90-ani wlebis dasawyisidan, MmSp-is struqtura Seicvala soflis meurneobis

sasargeblod, vinaidan mrewvelobis seqtori ufro mZime krizisul mdgomareobaSi

aRmoCnda. es pirvel rigSi, ganpirobebuli iyo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebis

momwodeblebsa da momxmarebelTan arsebuli kontaqtebis dakargviT da imiT, rom

90-an wlebSi araregularulma energomiwodebam warmoebis normaluri procesis

darRveva gamoiwvia. 90-ani wlebis SuaSi, qveynis mSp-is TiTqmis erTi mesamedi soflis

meurneobis wilad modioda. 2000 da 2001 wlebSi mrewvelobis xvedriTi wili

Sesabamisad 20 da 19 procentamde Semcirda, ramac saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo

qveynis statusi mianiWa. dReisaTvis arakorporaciuli seqtori – mcire

Sinameurneobebi – awarmoebs sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis TiTqmis 90 procents,

romlis mniSvnelovani nawili piradi moxmarebisaTvis aris gankuTvnili.

danarCeni sami seqtori, romlebic soflis meurneobis seqtorTan erTad,

qveynis mSp-is or mesameds Seadgens, Semdegia: 1) mrewveloba (eleqtroenergiis,

bunebrivi airisa da wyalmomaragebis CaTvliT), 2) vaWroba da 3) transporti.

mrewveloba, romelic sididiT meore seqtoria, mSp-is 27 procents Seadgens.

dargis daaxloebiT meoTxedi sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gadamuSavebaze modis

da igi ar aris korporirebuli, rac niSnavs, rom warmoebulia SinameurneobaTa mier.

vaWrobis wili mSp-s 12 procentze metia. bolo xuTi wlis manZilze, misi wili

stabiluri rCeboda, radganac ruseTTan vaWrobis moculobis Semcirebis kompensireba

TurqeTTan savaWro brunvis zrdis xarjze moxda. saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi yvelaze

maRali zrda transportis seqtorSia dafiqsirebuli. misi wili mSp-Si gaizarda

2 procentidan 1996 wels 11 procentamde 2001 wels.

2001 wels momsaxurebis wilma mSp-is 60 procenti Seadgina, maSin roca

1996 wels igi mxolod 44 procenti iyo. amgvari cvlilebis mTavari mizezi

transportis, kavSirgabmulobisa da finansuri momsaxurebis seqtorTa swrafi zrda

gaxda. sagulisxmoa, rom finansuri momsaxurebis seqtoris xvedriTi wili

1996 wlisdan dRemde samjer gaizarda.



2000 wlisagan gansxvavebiT, rodesac saqarTvelos soflis meurneobam Zlieri

gvalva ganicada, ramac am dargSi 13 procentiani vardna gamoiwvia, 2001 wels soflis

meurneobis seqtorSi zomieri 5,6 procentiT zrda aRiniSna. Sesabamis periodSi

mrewvelobis seqtorma wliuri 2,7 procentiani vardna ganicada, Tumca ki 2001 wels,

transportisa (3,1 procenti) da kavSirgabmulobis (15 procenti) da samSeneblo

(8 procenti) seqtorebSi stabiluri aRmasvlis Sedegad mSp-is realuri zrdis

matebam 2,5 procenti Seadgina (2000 wels 2,0 procentidan 2001 wels 4,5 procentamde).

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, mSp wliur gamosaxulebaSi, 4,2 procentiT

gaizarda, rac soflis meurneobis (3,5 procentiT), mrewvelobis (4,5 procentiT),

transportis (6,7 procentiT), kavSirgabmulobisa (6 procentiT) da finansuri

momsaxurebis (24 procentiT) seqtorebSi dafiqsirebuli zrdis Sedegia. Cveni

gaangariSebiT, mSp-is realurma zrdam wlis ganmavlobaSi 4 procenti unda Seadginos,

rac Cveni azriT, garkveulwilad, soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis seqtorebSi

dabali zrdisa da finansur da sakomunikacio seqtorebSi zrdis tempis Senelebis

Sedegia. 2003 wlisaTvis, Cvens mier gakeTebuli prognozi mSp-s 4,9 procentiT

zrdasTan dakavSirebiT mrewvelobis zrdis tempis mcireoden matebas da

sakomunikacio da finansuri momsaxurebis seqtorebSi zrdis tempebis Senelebis

tendenciebs Eemyareba.

grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, vfiqrobT, rom qveynis stabiluri ekonomikuri

zrda damokidebulia sam faqtorze:

1.1.1.1. investiciebis done da investiciebis zrdainvesticiebis done da investiciebis zrdainvesticiebis done da investiciebis zrdainvesticiebis done da investiciebis zrda

pirveli faqtori damokidebulia makroekonomikur stabilurobaze, sakuTrebis

uflebaTa dacvaze, kanonis Sesrulebasa da warmoebis ZiriTadi dargebis

liberalizaciaze. saprocento ganakveTebis Semcirebam, realur gamosaxulebaSi,

SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos investiciebis zrdas.

statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti ar aqveynebs saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi

dabandebuli investiciebis saerTo moculobis amsaxvel monacemebs. maSasadame,

sainvesticio tendenciebis Sesaxeb informaciis erTaderT wyaros ucxouri

investiciebis statistikuri monacemebi warmoadgens, romlebic sagadamxdelo

balansis nawilis saxiT qveyndeba. Tumca eqspertul Sefasebebze dayrdnobiT

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom ucxouri investiciebi qveynis ekonomikaSi dabandebuli

investiciebis daaxloebiT naxevars unda Seadgendes. aqedan gamomdinare, momavali

ekonomikuri zrda didwilad iqneba damokidebuli Semdgom wlebSi mozidul ucxouri

investiciebis doneze.



nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002p 2003p


bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi sainvesticio tendenciebi arasaxarbieloa.

garda imisa, rom investiciebis done, 2001 wels, mSp-s sul raRac 9 procents

Seadgenda, Tavad sainvesticio nakadebis trendi arastabiluri iyo. mocemuli

grafiki asaxavs ucxouri kapitalis nakadebs saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi. 1998 wels

investiciebis vardnaruseTis finansuri krizisis Sedegad laris gaufasurebiTaa

gamowveulia, xolo 2001 wels dafiqsirebuli kleba dabali saprivatizacio

Semosavlebisa da 1999 wlidan ssf-s programis SeCerebis Sedegs warmoadgens Tumca

fondis programis ganaxlebam 2001 wels ucxouri investiciebis saerTo moculobis

momentaluri zrda gamoiwvia.

2.2.2.2. soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi

soflis meurneobasa da sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gadamuSavebasTan

dakavSirebuli gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis arakorporaciul nawilSi,

korporirebuli seqtoris ganviTarebas ekonomikisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs,

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT raoden didi wili ukavia am seqtors qveynis mSp-Si. mogebaze

orientirebul sawarmoTa simcire aferxebs stabilur zrdas am seqtorebSi da

zRudavs investiciebs.

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis 90 procentamde

arakorporaciul seqtorze modis. bolo eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi mocemuli

maCveneblis ramdenadme mniSvnelovani cvlileba ar momxdara. Tumca, aRiniSneboda

mcireodeni vardna arakorporaciul warmoebaSi, romlis wili umniSvnelod Semcirda

29 procentidan 1996 wels 27 procentamde 2001 wels.

cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli

da samTo da samTo da samTo da samTo----mompmompmompmompovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)ovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)ovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)ovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)

1996199619961996 1997199719971997 1998199819981998 1999199919991999 2000200020002000 2001200120012001 2002Fp2002Fp2002Fp2002Fp 2003 pF2003 pF2003 pF2003 pF

korporirebulikorporirebulikorporirebulikorporirebuli 71.5 72.9 72.4 74.2 78.7 72.6 70.2 70.1

arakorporirebuliarakorporirebuliarakorporirebuliarakorporirebuli 28.5 27.1 27.6 25.8 21.3 27.4 29.8 29.9

sulsulsulsul 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi SeniSvna: “p” niSnavs prognozs



vfiqrobT, rom dargis korporirebuli nawilis ganviTareba Zalian neli

procesia da saWiroebs demografiul, ekonomikur da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs, maT

Soris sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis Tavisufali gasxvisebis daSvebas. Cveni

pesimisturi prognoziT, am sferoSi garkveuli winsvlis miRweva Semdgom

5-7 weliwadSi iqneba SesaZlebeli.

3.3.3.3. energokrizisis daZlevaenergokrizisis daZlevaenergokrizisis daZlevaenergokrizisis daZleva

pirveladi energoresursebis ukmarisobiT gamowveuli energokrizisis Sedegad

msxvil samrewvelo sawarmoebs eleqtroenergiisa da bunebrivi airis miwodeba

SeuferxdaT. es mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo, romelmac SezRuda qveynis ekonomikuri

zrda, gansakuTrebiT samrewvelo seqtorSi. qveynis damokidebulebam ruseTis

energomatareblebis importze da ruseTTan politikuri urTierTobebis garTulebam

energetikis problemis mogvarebaze uaryofiTad imoqmeda. axlo perspeqtivaSi

navTobze fasebis Semcireba ramdenadme Seamsubuqebs problemis simZimes. Tumca, am

sakiTxis mosagvareblad grZelvadian perspeqtivaze gaTvliT, mTavrobam ufro

radikaluri zomebi unda miiRos rogorc Sida, aseve gare frontebzec. es gulisxmobs

energetikis seqtoris sawarmoTa srul liberalizacias, energomiwodebis Sewyvetis

daSvebas urCi gadamxdelebisaTvis da amasTan erTad, ruseTTan molaparakebebis

warmoebas da navTobisa da gazis saeqsporto milsadenebis proeqtebis

ganxorcielebis Sedegad yvela im upiratesobis srulad gamoyenebas, romliTac

saqarTvelom SeiZleba isargeblos rogorc tranzitulma qveyanam.

inflacia

saqarTvelom 1997 wlidan 1998 da 1999 wlebis gamoklebiT, moaxerxa inflaciis

SenarCuneba dabali erTniSna maCveneblis farglebSi. sfi-iT gansazRvrulma

inflaciam, 2001 wels mxolod 3,4 procenti Seadgina. iseTi sustad ganviTarebuli

sabazro ekonomikis mqone qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, inflaciis esoden

dabali done saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis (seb-is) mier, ssf-isa da msoflio bankis

mxardaWeriT, mkacri fulad-sakredito politikis gatarebis Sedegs warmoadgens. 1998-

1999 wlebSi inflaciis donis mateba 11 procentamde gamowveuli iyo 1998 wlis bolos

da 1999 wlis dasawyisSi laris kursis dacemiT, rac importirebul saqonelze

fasebis zrdaSi aisaxa.

saqarTveloSi inflacia wlis ganmavlobaSi sezonuri cvalebadobiT

xasiaTdeba. es ganpirobebulia samomxmareblo kalaTis SemadgenlobaSi sasoflo-

sameurneo nawarmis SedarebiT maRali wiliT. zafxulis periodSi sfi-is kleba

sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmze fasebis sezonuri vardniT aixsneba.

Cveni prognoziT, 2002 da 2003 wels inflacia Sesabamisad 5,9 da 6,7 procents

miaRwevs. 2002 wels inflaciis donis zrda erTis mxriv, eleqtroenergiis safasuris

matebiT da meores mxriv, sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmze fasebis stabilurobiT

aixsneba.



Cveni azriT, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mTavroba inflaciis SenarCunebas

5 procentis farglebSi Seecdeba. Tumca, ekonomikuri zrdis stimulirebis mizniT,

fulad-sakredito politikis Serbilebis Sedegad inflaciis done SeiZleba

gaizardos. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qveyanaSi moxmarebis dabal dones, savaraudod,

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri zrda maRal maCvenebels mxolod maRali erTniSna

inflaciis pirobebSi miaRwevs.

nax. 3: nax. 3: nax. 3: nax. 3: sfi (yovelTviuri cvl (yovelTviuri cvl (yovelTviuri cvl (yovelTviuri cvlileba)ileba)ileba)ileba)

(procentebi)

-4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%

10% 12% 14%

dek-97

mar-98

ivn-98

seq-98

dek-98

mar-99

ivn-99

seq-99

dek-99

mar-00

ivn-00

seq-00

dek-00

mar-01

ivn-01

seq-01

dek-01


sagadamxdelo balansi

bolo oTxi wlis manZilze saqarTvelos sakmaod didi savaWro deficiti

hqonda, rac mTavrobis mier mkacri monetaruli politikis gatarebis Sedegia.

2001 wels, importis mTlianma moculobam 1,3 miliardi aSS dolari Seadgina, xolo

eqsportma – 810 milioni aSS dolari. miuxedavad amisa, 2001 wlis monacemebis

Tanaxmad, 1998 wels dafiqsirebuli 760 milioni aSS dolaridan, savaWro deficiti

549 milion aSS dolaramde Semcirda. es moxda 1998 wels laris 38 procentiT

gaufasurebis Sedegad, rac rusuli rublis - saqarTvelos erT-erTi umsxvilesi

savaWro partnioris valutis kursis dacemam gamoiwvia. 1998 wels laris

gaufasurebisa da ruseTis krizisis saboloo Sedegi iyo rogorc eqsportis, aseve

importis moculobebis vardna. Tumca, importis moculoba ufro metad daeca imis

gamo, rom ruseTidan Semotanil saqonelTan SedarebiT, sxva qveynebidan

importirebuli saqoneli saqarTveloSi naklebad konkurentunariani gaxda.

nnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaxxxxxxxx........ 44444444........ ssssssssaaaaaaaaqqqqqqqqaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrTTTTTTTTvvvvvvvveeeeeeeelllllllloooooooossssssss ssssssssaaaaaaaavvvvvvvvaaaaaaaaWWWWWWWWrrrrrrrroooooooo ddddddddaaaaaaaa mmmmmmmmiiiiiiiimmmmmmmmddddddddiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnaaaaaaaarrrrrrrreeeeeeee aaaaaaaannnnnnnnggggggggaaaaaaaarrrrrrrriiiiiiiiSSSSSSSSiiiiiiiissssssss bbbbbbbbaaaaaaaallllllllaaaaaaaannnnnnnnssssssssiiiiiiii

((mmiilliioonnii aaSSSS ddoollaarrii))

-675 -760

-534

-562

-549

-602

-635

-499

-416

-195

-288

-211

-230

-211

-800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002p 2003p

savaWro balansi mimdinare angariSis balansi

wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, saqarTvelos erovnuli banki, kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”



Cveni varaudiT, 2001 wels miRweuli eqsportis mateba gagrZeldeba Semdgomi

ori wlis ganmavlobaSi da 2003 wlisaTvis, eqsportis moculoba 987 milion aSS

dolars miaRwevs. Tumca, vinaidan momaval or weliwadSi , mSp-is zrdis tempis

mniSvnelovani daCqareba mosalodneli ar aris, Cven ar velodebiT, rom

gaumjobesdeba savaWro balansi, radganac savaraudoa, rom importis moculobac

gaizrdeba.

saqarTvelos 549 milioni aSS dolaris savaWro deficitis dafarva dadebiTi

sagareo Semosavlebis balansis da calmxrivi gadaricxvebis xarjze xorcieldeba. es

gadaricxvebi sagareo daxmarebebs da qarTuli diasporis mier TavianTi ojaxebisTvis

saqarTveloSi gadmoricxul Tanxebs moicavs. es ukanaskneli ki mimdinare angariSis

balansis mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens, miuxedavad imisa, rom statistikis

saxelmwifo departamentis SefasebiT, weliwadSi, mxolod 150 milion aSS dolars

Seadgens. amis safuZvelze bolo oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi arsebiTi savaWro

deficitis miuxedavad garkveulwilad aixsneba valutis stabiluroba,.

kapitalis angariSis balansi dadebiTi iyo da 2001 wels 285 milioni aSS

dolari Seadgina. angariSis mniSvnelovani nawili pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis

wilad modioda, romelmac arsebuli proficitis 38 procenti Seadgenda. kapitalis

angariSis meore mniSvnelovan nawils samTavrobo da sabanko seqtoris sesxebi

Seadgenda. 2000 wlisagan gansxvavebiT pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi Semcirda 132

milioni aSS dolaridan 2000 wels, 109 milion aSS dolaramde 2001 wels,. 2002 wels,

ucxouri investiciebis zrdis SesaZlebloba didwilad damokidebuli iqneba

mTavrobis saprivatizacio gegmebis ganxorcielebaze kavSirgabmulobis, transportisa

da energetikis seqtorebSi, Tumca amasTan dakavSirebiT Cveni prognozi ramdenadme

pesimisturia. Tumca, ssf-is programis gagrZeleba, romelic 2001 wlis ianvarSi

ganaxlda niSnavs, rom saqarTvelo damatebiT dafinansebas miiRebs ssf-sgan da aseve

msoflio bankisgan. Cven agreTve veliT msxvili qarTuli bankebis mier ucxouri

sakredito xazebis gafarToebas. mTlianobaSi, Cveni prognoziT, 2002 wels kapitalis

angariSis proficiti 7 procentiT gaizrdeba.

gacvliTi kursi da fulad-sakredito politika

lari – saqarTvelos erovnuli valuta, SemoRebul iqna 1995 wlis bolos,

sawyisi gacvliTi kursiT 1lari/aSS dolari. Tumca, lari SemoRebidan arc Tu ise

didi drois gasvlis Semdeg 30 procentiT gaufasurda. laris kursi stabiluri

rCeboda 1996 da 1997 wlebis ganmavlobaSi, ris Semdegac, 1998 wlis oqtomberSi, kidev

erTi vardna ganicada, amjerad 38 procentiT. es gamowveuli iyo rusuli rublis

mkveTri dacemiT da imiT, rom seb-s ar gaaCnda resursebi mimdinare angariSis

deficitis dasafinanseblad. 1998 wlis bolomde seb-ma met-naklebad moaxerxa sagareo

zemoqmedebis Serbileba da SeZlo kursis stabilizeba 1.8 lari/aSS dolarze.

1999 wlidan dawyebuli, seb-ma SezRuda intervenciebi savaluto bazarze, Sewyvita

fuladi bazis Semcireba da SemoiRo mcuravi gacvliTi kursis politika.

2001 wlis bolos, gacvliTi kursi iyo 2.06 lari/aSS dolari, rac miuTiTebs

2001 wels laris 4,3 procentiT devalvaciaze,. SedarebisaTvis 2000 wels lari

2 procentiT gamyarda, xolo 1999 wels 7,8 procentiT gaufasurda.



1998-1999 wlebisagan gansxvavebiT, 2000-2001 wlebSi seb-i ucxouri valutis mxolod

myidveli iyo. es miuTiTebs gacvliTi kursis bunebrivi balansis Camoyalibebaze,

vinaidan klebis tendenciis amsaxveli mimdinare angariSis deficitis dafinanseba

xdeba Semosuli ucxouri kapitalis xarjze.

2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi seb-i agrZelebda msgavsi midgomis ganxorcielebas,

vinaidan sagareo valis gadaxdebi moiTxovs ucxouri valutis rezervebis dagrovebas.

Cven avRniSneT, rom seb-is ucxouri valutis rezervebma 2001 wlis bolos 159 milioni

aSS dolari Seadgina, rac 46 procentiT metia 2000 wlis bolosTan SedarebiT. ssf-is

dafinanseba da Sida bazarze 35 milioni aSS dolaris Sesyidvebi aRniSnuli matebis

mTavari wyaro iyo. rezervebis saerTo moculoba (sesxis specialuri uflebisa da

oqros maragis CaTvliT) mxolod 47 dRis importis dafarvas Seesabameba, rac

naklebia vidre Sesabamisi maCvenebeli dsT-s qveynebis umravlesobisaTvis. 2002 wlis

30 ivnisis mdgomareobiT, ucxouri valutis rezervebi 146 milion aSS dolaris toli

iyo, rac mcireodeni klebis amsaxvelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom mocemuli ricxvi

gacvliTi kursis daucvelobaze miuTiTebs, vfiqrobT, rom seb-i SesZlebs erovnuli

valutis SedarebiTi stabilurobis SenarCunebas Semdgomi ori wlis manZilze. ssf-is

programis ganxorcielebis ganaxlebam xeli unda Seuwyos importis amJamindeli

gadafarvis koeficientis SenarCunebas, importis moculobis zrdis miuxedavad. 2002

da 2003 wels, Cven vvaraudobT laris gaufasurebas 9 da 8 procentiT, ris Sedegadac

wlis bolos gacvliTi kursebi, Sesabamisad 2,2 lari/aSS dolari da 2,4 lari/aSS

dolari Seadgens.

nax.nax.nax.nax. 5. gacvliTi kurse 5. gacvliTi kurse 5. gacvliTi kurse 5. gacvliTi kursebi lari/aSS dolaribi lari/aSS dolaribi lari/aSS dolaribi lari/aSS dolari

0.5

1.0

1.5 2.0

2.5

dek-96

mai-97

oqt

-97

mar-98

agv-98

ian-99

ivn-99

noe-99

apr-00

seq-00

Teb

-01

ivl-01

mai-02

dek-01


2001 wels, fulis baza 14 procentiT gaizarda da M2 da M3 fulis agregatebma

Sesabamisad 6 da 18 procentiT moimata. M3 fulis multiplikatori 2001 wels

1,75-mde gaizarda 2000 wels arsebuli 1,68-dan. , es gamowveuli iyo sabanko

depozitebSi 26 procentiani zrdiT. Sedegad 2001 wels, M3-is zrda 1,34-jer

aRemateboda fulis bazis zrdas.

saqarTvelos ekonomika, romelic mTlianobaSi dolarizebuli iyo 1997 wlamde,

sul ufro iyenebs lars, rogorc angariSsworebis saSualebas. es dadebiT

zemoqmedebas axdens monetarul indikatorebze. meores mxriv, danazogebis mTavar

instruments kvlavac aSS dolari warmoadgens da am tendenciis Secvlas didi dro

sWirdeba. 2001 wels, ucxouri valiutis depozitebi mTliani depozitebis 86 procents



warmoadgenda. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom M3 multiplikatori ufro swrafad izrdeba,

vidre M2 multiplikatori.

saqarTvelos ekonomikis didi nawili monetarizebuli ar aris, rasac Sedegad

mohyveba arafuladi angariSsworebis sistemebis gamoyeneba. amaze miuTiTebs fulis

brunvis siCqare (M3), romelic Zalian maRalia da 2001 wels 9x Seadgina. Tumca, am

indikatoris vardna (1999 da 2000 wlebSi, brunvis siCqare, Sesabamisad 13x da

10x toli iyo) gviCvenebs, rom ekonomika ufro monetarizebuli xdeba. vTvliT, rom es

tendencia gagrZeldeba 2002 da 2003 wlebSi.

mSp-s mosalodneli 3,9 procentiT zrdis da 5,9 procentiani inflaciis

pirobebSi, Cven vvaraudobT fulis bazis 12 procentiT matebas 2002 wels. vfiqrobT,

rom seb-i gaagrZelebs mkacri fulad-sakredito politikis gatarebas, rac zRudavs

qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis potencials. Cveni azriT, ekonomika saWiroebs

stimulirebas ufro liberaluri fulad-sakredito politikis saxiT: magaliTad,

laris ufro mniSvnelovani gaufasureba, 5 procentze meti inflaciis

SesanarCuneblad.

fiskaluri politika

saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebma 2001 wels 749 milioni lari Seadgina, rac

mSp-is mxolod 11,5 procentia. aRniSnuli maCvenebeli arcTu ise damaimedebelia, Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT rom igi Seicavs ucxouri grantebis mimdinare gadaricxvebs

mTavrobisTvis. sabiujeto Semosavlebi mSp-is procentis saxiT wina welTan

SedarebiT 2001 wels 0,6 procentiT gaizarda,.mTavrobis fiskaluri politikis mTavar

warumateblobas warmoadgens is, rom gadasaxadebis ukiduresad dabali mobilizebis

donis amaRleba ar xerxdeba. Cven migvaCnia, rom saqarTvelos ekonomikis

mniSvnelovani nawili, e.w. “Crdilovani” ekonomika, daubegravi rCeba da es arsebiTad

amcirebs mTavrobis finansur resursebs.

biujetis xarjebma 931 milioni lari Seadgina, rac mSp-is 14,3 procentia.

xarjebi, rogorc mSp-is procenti, praqtikulad ucvleli darCa, (sul 0,2 procentiT

gaizarda), ramac biujetis deficiti 181 milion laramde Seamcira, rac mSp-is

2,8 procentia (2000 wels, 3,4 procentTan SedarebiT). Cveni azriT, biujetis deficitis

mTavari mizezia dabali Semosavlebi da aracvalebadi xarjebi.

konsolidirebuli biujetis doneze, saxelmwifos Semosavlebis saerTo

moculobam 1,073 milioni lari, xolo xarjebma 1,260 milioni lari Seadgina, risi

Sedegic 187 milioni laris deficitia (mSp-is 2,9 procenti). Sedegad 2000 welTan

SedarebiT roca deficiti mSp-is 3,6 procenti iyo, gvaqvs deficitis kleba mSp-sTan

mimarTebiT.



nax. 6nax. 6nax. 6nax. 6. saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi

(milioni lari)

197 236 231 204 181 158 146

777 810 860 844931

1,0201,155

0 200 400 600 800

1,000 1,200 1,400

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002p 2003p

deficiti xarjebi

wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, finansTa saministro, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi

Cveni prognoziT, Semdgomi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi biujetis mdgomareoba

miaxlovebuli darCeba 2000 wlis situaciasTan. mTavrobam unda ganaxorcielos

sagadasaxado departamentis restruqturizacia, raTa miRweul iqnes winsvla

biujetis SesrulebaSi, gansakuTrebiT biujetis Semosavlebis nawilSi. Cveni azriT,

dabalansebuli biujetis miRwevis mizniT, sabiujeto xarjebis Sesakvecad Zalian

mcire SesaZlebloba arsebobs.

Cven vvaraudobT, rom 2002 wels, saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi 862 milion

lars Seadgens, rac 2000 welTan SedarebiT, 15 procentiT zrdas warmoadgens. es

bevrad ufro konservatiuli maCvenebelia, vidre biujetis dagegmili Semosavlebis

maCvnebeli (1,040 milioni lari), romelic gulisxmobs 39 procentian wliur zrdas.

2002 wlis pirveli naxevaris Sedegebi imaze miuTiTebs, rom Cveni prognozebi ufro

realisturia, vidre gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli maCvenebeli, vinaidan mocemul

periodSi Semosavalma 392 milioni lari Seadgina, rac wliuri gegmis 38 procentia.

2002 wlis meore kvartalSi, saSualo Tviuri mobilizebis donis 85 milion laramde

matebis SemTxvevaSic ki, wlis bolos garRveva 140 milion lars Seadgens. maSasadame,

Cven ar gamovricxavT, 2002 wels biujetis kidev erT sekvestrs, iseve rogorc

2000 wels. Cveni SefasebiT, biujetis deficiti 2002 wels mSp-is 2,3 procents

Seadgens.

wina wlisagan gansxvavebiT, rodesac saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis

61 procentis dafinansebas seb-i axdenda, 2001 wels deficiti ZiriTadad sagareo

wyaroebidan dafinansda; . deficitis 88 procenti sagareo wyaroebidan finansdeboda,

maSin roca 2000 wels sagareo dafinansebis wili mxolod 18 procents Seadgenda.

2002 wlis tendenciebi msgavs suraTs asaxavs, vinaidan Sida wyaroebidan deficitis

30 procenti, xolo sagareo wyaroebidan – 70 procenti dafinansda.

sagareo vali

saqarTvelos mTavrobis sagareo valma 2001 wlis bolos, 1,6 miliardi aSS

dolari Seadgina, rac mSp-is 51 procentia. valis ZiriTadi nawilis

moklevadianobamda misi momsaxurebis SezRudulma SesaZleblobebma, 2000 wels

gamoiwvia TurqmeneTisa da ruseTis winaSe mTavrobis vadagadasuli davalianebis

dagroveba. sagareo valis ZiriTadi nawili dagrovda 1997 wlamde da igi



denominirebulia aSS dolarebSi. 1998 wlidan sagareo valis dagroveba Sewyda.

miuxedavad amisa, 1998 wels gacvliTi kursis koreqtirebis gamo 1999 wlidan adgili

hqonda vali/mSp-is Sefardebis mkveTr matebas .

cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)

1996199619961996 1997199719971997 1998199819981998 1999199919991999 2000200020002000 2001200120012001

mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni

aSS dolari)aSS dolari)aSS dolari)aSS dolari) 1348 1,509 1,627 1,631 1,543

1,601

mSp----is procenti is procenti is procenti is procenti 44 42 45 57 51 51


safondo birJa

infrastruqturainfrastruqturainfrastruqturainfrastruqtura

fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni gansazRvravs ZiriTad

sakanonmdeblo bazas fasiani qaRaldebis bazrisaTvis. igi ayalibebs salicenzio

pirobebs safondo birJisaTvis, centraluri depozitarisTvis, sabrokero kompaniebisa

da registratorebisaTvis.

fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia (fqek), fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb kanonis

Tanaxmad, mTavari maregulirebeli organoa, romelic meTvalyureobas uwevs bazris

yvela monawiles. igi pasuxismgebelia safondo birJis licenzirebaze, centralur

depozitarze, sabrokero kompaniebze, registratorebsa da maT personalze. igi aseve

akontrolebs mimdinare angariSebis gamoqveynebas. garda amisa, fqek-ma SeiZleba

gamoaqveynos miTiTebebi, romlebic savaldebuloa qveynis saaqcio

sazogadoebebisaTvis iseve, rogorc birJis sxva wevrebisaTvis. uwinares yovlisa,

fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia pasuxs agebs saaqcio sazogadoebebis

angariSebis, axali fasiani qaRaldebis gamosaSvebad saWiro prospeqtebisa da

safondo birJis savaWro wesebis gamoqveynebis standartebis SemoRebaze.

saaqcio sazogadoeba Ria tipis kompaniad iTvleba, Tu misi aqciebis SeTavazeba

sajarod xdeba, rac niSnavs moyvanili sami pirobidan nebismieri erTis arsebobas: 1)

saaqcio sazogadoebas 100-ze meti aqcioneri hyavs; 2) sawesdebo dokumentebi ar

gansazRvraven aqcionerTa ricxvs 3) aqciebi daSvebulia safondo birJaze.

yvela Ria tipis saaqcio sazogadoebas unda hyavdes fasiani qaRaldebis

licenzirebuli registratori, reestrSi aqcionerTa registrirebisaTvis. amJamad,

saqarTveloSi moqmedebs Svidi licenzirebuli registratori da yvela

damoukidebelia. saqarTveloSi aqciebi materialuri formiT ar arsebobs.

sagulisxmoa rom es aris fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovna. aseT

garemoSi, registratoriebis roli da maTi damoukidebloba metad mniSvnelovania.

Ria tipis saaqcio sazogadoebis aqciebiT nebismieri operacia SeiZleba

ganxorcieldes mxolod licenzirebuli sabrokeros meSveobiT da registrirebuli

unda iyos saqarTvelos safondo birJaze. dRes, arsebobs 17 sabrokero kompania,

romelsac ufleba aqvs awarmoos birJaze vaWroba.



saqarTvelos safondo birJa sabrokero kompaniebis mier dafuZnebuli

arakomerciuli (aramomgebiani) saaqcio sazogadoebaa. amJamad, mas 38 wevri hyavs.

saqarTvelos safondo birJa qarTuli aqciebisaTvis erTaderTi savaWro platformaa.

safondo birJaze vaWroba 2000 wlis aprilidan daiwyo. rogorc ruseTsa da

ukrainaSi, saqarTvelos safondo birJis eleqtronuli savaWro sistema SemuSavda

USAID-is daxmarebiT da iseTive tipisaa, rogoric ruseTisa da ukrainis savaWro

sistemebi.

centraluri depozitari Seiqmna brokerebs Soris angariSsworebis organizebis

mizniT. SemoRebuli savaWro wesebi da procedurebi uzrunvelyofs garantirebul

gadaxdas da gamoricxavs garigebaSi monawileobaze uaris Tqmis SesaZleblobas

vaWrobis dasrulebis Semdeg (savaWro sesia). centraluri depozitari saqarTvelos

safondo birJaze garigebebis gansaxorcieleblad oTxi sakliringo bankidan erT-

erTs mimarTavs.

saqarTvelos safondo birJis wesebi ganasxvavebs kotirebul fasian qaRaldebs

da im fasian qaRaldebs, romlebic daSvebulia vaWrobisTvis saqarTvelos safondo

birJaze. saqarTvelos safondo birJaze vaWrobisaTvis dasaSvebad arsebobs mxolod

ori moTxovna: 1) reestrSi registracias unda awarmoebdes damoukidebeli

registratori; 2) emitentma unda awarmoos finansuri angariSgeba saqarTvelos

sabuRaltroprincipebis Sesabamisad. kotirebis moTxovnebi bevrad ufro mkacria.

kotirebuli fasiani qaRaldebi, daSvebis gansazRvrul pirobebTan erTad, unda

akmayofilebebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:

• sawesdebo kapitali – aranaklebi 100,000 aSS dolaris eqvivalentisa

larebSi;

• saaqcio sazogadoebis muSaobis periodi – aranakleb 3 wlisa;

• momgebianoba – minimum 2 weli bolo 3 wlidan;

• gamoSvebuli aqciebis raodenoba – minimum 50,000;

• finansuri angariSgeba saerTaSoriso angariSgebis standartebis

Sesabamisad.

kotirebul da daSvebul aqciebs Soris raime sainvesticio da savaWro

sxvaobebi ar arsebobs. Tumca, kotireba miuTiTebs ara mxolod imaze, rom kompania

ufro didi zomisaa da finansurad SedarebiT stabiluri, aramed imazec, romkompaniis

menejmenti mzadaa Seqmnas WeSmaritad gamWvirvale kompania. amasTan, cxadia rom

kotirebis moTxovnebi zogadad da kerZod, rentabelurobisadmi, dasavleTis

standartebiTac ki metismetad mkacria,. dRes-dReobiT, kotirebaze ganacxadi

gakeTebuli aqvs mxolod saqarTvelos banks - qveyanaSi erTerT yvelaze msxvil

komerciul banks.

safondo bazris mdgomareobsafondo bazris mdgomareobsafondo bazris mdgomareobsafondo bazris mdgomareoba a a a

2001 weli saqarTvelos safondo birJisaTvis metnaklebad warmatebuli weli

iyo vinaidan vaWrobis moculoba 54,9 procentiT gaizarda wina - im welTan

SedarebiT, rodesac vaWroba daiwyo da, 13,077,250 lars miaRwia Tumca safondo

birJis brunva sasurvelisgan jer kidev Sorsaa. 2001 wels birJaze savaWro mrunvam



mSp-is sul raRac 0,2 procenti Seadgina, xolo 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris Sedegebi

romlebic, wliur gamosaxulebaSi, 35 procentiT vardnas asaxavda, kidev ufro

damafiqrebelia. Cveni azriT Zireuli gaumjobesebis gareSe, moculobebis

mniSvnelovani zrda mosalodneli ar aris.

rogorc aRvniSneT safondo birJis funqcionirebaSi garkveuli winsvla

dafiqsirda, Tumca arc Tu ise mniSvnelovani: 2001 wels 1,591 savaWro garigeba Sedga,

rac 165-iT metia vidre 2000 wels. Sedegad vaWrobis saSualo moculobam 8,220 lari

Seadgina. Tumca, garigebaTa saSualo moculoba erT savaWro sesiaze gaangariSebiT,

dabali darCa. (2001 wels - 128,208 lari, 2000 wels - 73,654 larTan SedarebiT). savaWro

moculobis msgavsad 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mcireodeni vardna dafiqsirda

vaWrobis saSualo moculobebSi da es maCvenebeli 113,632 laramde Semcirda.

Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da

galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi ( galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi ( galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi ( galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi (GTBCI) (bolo 12 Tve) (bolo 12 Tve) (bolo 12 Tve) (bolo 12 Tve)

(milioni lari)

40

60

80

100

120

140

ivl-01 seq-01 noe-01 ian-02 apr-02 ivn-020.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

GSE (rhs) GTBCI (lhs)

wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa, kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”

saqarTvelos safondo birJaze vaWrobis dabali moculoba SeiZleba bazris

arasakmaris kapitalizacias mivaweroT. 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris bolos, es

indikatori 167 milion lars anu 2002 wlis mSp-is sul 2,4 procents Seadgenda. es

maCvenebeli ukiduresad dabalia da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT adgilobrivi bazris

potencials. vfiqrobT, rom igi 20 procentze dabali ar unda iyos. saerTaSoriso

Sedarebebi gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos bazars Semdgomi zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis

sakmao resursebi gaaCnia. sagulisxmoa, rom wamyvani adgilobrivi kompaniebis

umetesoba daSvebuli ar aris saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro sistemaSi. Tu

maTi aqciebi kotirebuli iqnebian saqarTvelos safondo birJaze, bazris

kapitalizacia advilad gaizrdeba 1 miliard laramde. cxadia, rom saqarTvelos

safondo birJa fasiani qaRaldebis deficits ganicdis, vinaidan iseTi mniSvnelovani

seqtorebi rogoricaa momsaxurebis, transportis, mSeneblobisa da satelekomunikacio

seqtorebi ar arian warmodgenili GTBC indeqsSi – dRes-dReobiT, qveyanaSi, safondo

bazris erTaderT indeqsSi.



nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve) nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve) nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve) nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve)

(milioni lari)

0

60

120

180

240

ivl agv seq oqt noe dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn

ssbssbssbssbGTBCI-indeqsiindeqsiindeqsiindeqsi

wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa, kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”

2001 wels, qarTulmasainvesticio bankma “Galt&Taggart siqiuriTim” SemoiRo “

safondo indeqsi (”Galt & Taggart Blue Chip Index (GTBCI),,) romelic Seicavs aT aqcias. da

warmoadgens bazris mdgomareobis indikators. Tumca indeqsi xasiaTdeba maRali

cvalebadobiT, rac SeiZleba advilad aixsnas bazris ganuviTareblobis da dabali

likvidurobis safuZvelze. amis miuxedavad GTBC indeqsi saqarTvelos safondo

birJis funqcionirebis amsaxvel efeqtur instruments warmoadgens. . 2001 wels, GTBCI indeqsis Semadgenel aqciebze saqarTvelos safondo birJis garigebaTa saerTo

moculobis 85,6 procenti modioda. 2002 wlis 31 ivnisis mdgomareobiT, am aqciebis

wili saqarTvelos safondo birJis saerTo kapitalizaciaSi ki 84,5 procents

Seadgenda.

cxrili 3. cxrili 3. cxrili 3. cxrili 3. GTBC ---- indeqsis struqtura indeqsis struqtura indeqsis struqtura indeqsis struqtura

kompan

ia

kompan

ia

kompan

ia

kompan

ia

kodi

kodi

kodi

kodi

savaW

ro

savaW

ro

savaW

ro

savaW

ro

gar

igeb

ebis

gar

igeb

ebis

gar

igeb

ebis

gar

igeb

ebis

moculoba

2001

moculoba

2001

moculoba

2001

moculoba

2001

w. (l

ari)

w. (l

ari)

w. (l

ari)

w. (l

ari)

fa

fa

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fa s

is

sis

sis

sis

cvl

il

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2001

cvl

il

eba

2001

cvl

il

eba

2001

cvl

il

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2001

w. (procen

ti)

w. (procen

ti)

w. (procen

ti)

w. (procen

ti)

sab

azro

sab

azro

sab

azro

sab

azro

kapi

tal

izac

ia

kapi

tal

izac

ia

kapi

tal

izac

ia

kapi

tal

izac

ia

(lar

i)

(lar

i)

(lar

i)

(lar

i)

01/01/20

0201/01/20

0201/01/20

0201/01/20

02

Tavisufal

i

Tavisufal

i

Tavisufal

i

Tavisufal

i

brunvi

s

brunvi

s

brunvi

s

brunvi

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koef

icien

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(procen

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GTB

CI –

Si

Si

Si

Si

(procen

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(procen

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(procen

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“ei“ei“ei“ei----iiii----es” Telasies” Telasies” Telasies” Telasi AEST 1,640 -23.1 81,147,886 0.09 0.23

saqarTvelos bankisaqarTvelos bankisaqarTvelos bankisaqarTvelos banki GEB 4,871,737 113.3 32,000,000 47.60 48.82

gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli

qarTuli bankiqarTuli bankiqarTuli bankiqarTuli banki

UGB 222,783 -30.0 14,700,000 38.62 18.20

CarxmSenebeliCarxmSenebeliCarxmSenebeliCarxmSenebeli CHAR 119,702 2667.6 10,661,812 62.27 21.28

bagrationibagrationibagrationibagrationi----1882188218821882 BAGR 1,100 0.0 7,413,585 5.20 1.24

rusTavcementirusTavcementirusTavcementirusTavcementi RUCE 35,743 300.0 6,323,836 10.34 2.10

yazbegiyazbegiyazbegiyazbegi KAZB 10,599 25.0 2,702,938 42.70 3.70

univermaRi “Tbilisi”univermaRi “Tbilisi”univermaRi “Tbilisi”univermaRi “Tbilisi” UTB 5,500,010 -49.5 1,966,030 35.48 2.24

saqqalaqmSenobieqtisaqqalaqmSenobieqtisaqqalaqmSenobieqtisaqqalaqmSenobieqti SQMP 21,838 -10.0 1,116,761 58.64 2.10

Tbilisis Tambaqos Tbilisis Tambaqos Tbilisis Tambaqos Tbilisis Tambaqos

fabrika “qarTli”fabrika “qarTli”fabrika “qarTli”fabrika “qarTli”

TTFQ 90 28.2 1,038,900 3.16 0.11

sulsulsulsul 159,071,747159,071,747159,071,747159,071,747 100100100100

wyaro: kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”



saqarTvelos safondo birJaze maRali xarisxis aqciebis deficiti bazris

dabal likvidurobas ganapirobebs dReisaTvis savaWro garigebebSi regularulad

mxolod erTi aqcia - saqarTvelos banki monawileobs, romlis wili, univermaR

“TbilisTan” erTad, 2001 wels saqarTvelos safondo birJaze ganxorcielebuli

savaWro garigebebis moculobaSi 79,4 procents Seadgenda. 2001 wels, saqarTvelos

safondo birJaze vaWrobaSi monawileobda 94 fasiani qaRaldi ,2000 wels

ki 40, miuxedavad imisa, rom Sesabamisi periodis bolos, savaWro sistemaSi daSvebuli

iyo 269 da 282 aqcia. aRsaniSnavia, rom 20-ze met savaWro garigebebSi mxolod xuTi

kompaniis aqcia (GEB, UTB, “saqqalaqmSenproeqti”, “gaerTianebuli qarTuli banki” da

“saqtransproeqti”) monawileobda. Cveni azriT, vidre saqarTvelos safondo birJis

savaWro sistemaSi monawileobas ar miiReben warmatebuli qarTuli kompaniebi, bazris

likviduroba dabali darCeba. aseve warmoebuli finansuri instrumentebis

(derivativebis) magaliTad. ADR-ebis1 msgavsi instrumentebis daSvebam SeiZleba

gazardos bazris likviduroba.

1 amerikuli depozitaris qviTrebi – sertifikatebi, romlebiTac SeerTebul Statebis bazrebze vaWroben da romlebic warmoadgens aqciebSi ucxouri kompaniebis interess. ADR-ebi Seiqmna im mizniT, rom ucxoelma emitentebma SesZlon SeerTebuli Statebis fasiani qaRaldebis saregistracio moTxovnebis dakmayofileba da investorTa mier dolarebSi dividendebis Segrovebis xelSesawyobad. (sem-i)

ekonomikuri glosariumi


absoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesoba

(Absolute advantage) qveynis unari awarmoos ufro meti saqoneli vidre

sxva qveyana awarmoebs resursebis igive

moculobisas (ix. fardobiTi upiratesoba)

arasruli dasaqmebaarasruli dasaqmebaarasruli dasaqmebaarasruli dasaqmeba

(Under-employment) ekonomikuri situacia, rodesac muSaxelis

miwodeba aWarbebs masze moTxovnas

auTsaideri (bankis)auTsaideri (bankis)auTsaideri (bankis)auTsaideri (bankis)

(Outsider)

ara-insaideri

aqciaaqciaaqciaaqcia

(Share, Stock ) saxsrebis mopovebis mizniT saaqcio sazogadoebis

mier gamoSvebuli grZelvadiani fasiani qaRaldi.

aqciis myidveli gadaxdili fulis sanacvlod

xdeba kompaniis sruluflebiani TanamesakuTre,

anu monawileobs mis marTvasa da mogebaSi. (ix.

fasiani qaRaldebi, obligacia, saxazino valdebuleba)

SeniSvna: zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad did britaneTSi,

sityva stock gansxvavdeba mniSvnelobiT sityva share-sagan, da aRniSnavs kompaniis an saxelmwifos mier gamoSvebul

grZelvadian sasesxo valdebulebas.

balansis aRricxvis furceli balansis aRricxvis furceli balansis aRricxvis furceli balansis aRricxvis furceli ----

balansibalansibalansibalansi

(Balance sheet)

dokumenti, romelic asaxavs firmis aqtivebisa da

valdebulebebis moculobas da struqturas.

biujeturi SezRudvabiujeturi SezRudvabiujeturi SezRudvabiujeturi SezRudva

(Budget constraint)

xarjebis SezRudva gamowveuli sxvadasxva

mizeziT, magaliTad, Semosavlebis simciriT.

gadasaxadebi gadasaxadebi gadasaxadebi gadasaxadebi

(Taxes) begara dawesebuli saxelmwifos mier kerZo

pirebis an sawarmoebis Semosavalze an mogebaze

(pirdapiri gadasaxadi), saqonlis gamoyenebze an

momsaxurebiT sargeblobaze (iribi gadasaxadi) da

qonebaze. saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi

gadasaxadebia:

1. sawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadisawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadisawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadisawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadi (Profit tax); 2. kerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadikerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadikerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadikerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadi

(Personal income tax); 3. damatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadidamatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadidamatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadidamatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadi _ dRg

(Value Added Tax). misi bazaa iuridiuli Tu

fizikuri pirebis mier Seqmnili damatebuli

Rirebuleba _ sxvaoba saqonlis an

momsaxurebis sarealizacio fassa da mis



warmoebasa da mowodebasTan dakavSirebuli

materialur xarjebisa;

4. sabaJo gadasaxadisabaJo gadasaxadisabaJo gadasaxadisabaJo gadasaxadi (Customs duties) _ saxelmwifo

biujetSi savaldebulo Senatani saqarTvelos

sabaJo sazRvarze saqonlis

gadaadgilebisaTvis;

5. aqciziaqciziaqciziaqcizi (Excise) _ garkveuli saxis saqonlis

moxmarebaze iribi gadasaxadi, romelic

CarTulia am saqonlis fasSi;

6. gadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidangadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidangadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidangadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidan (Payroll taxes) _ specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis

(jandacvis, socuzrunvelyofis da a.S.)

mosakrebeli, romlis gadaxda damqiraveblisa

da muSakis mier xdeba sawarmos xelfasebis

fondidan, fiqsirebuli ganakveTiT.

(ix. sagadasaxado baza)

gamoSveba, warmoebis moculogamoSveba, warmoebis moculogamoSveba, warmoebis moculogamoSveba, warmoebis moculobabababa (Output)

saqoneli da momsaxureba warmoebuli garkveuli

periodis ganmavlobaSi.

depozitidepozitidepozitidepoziti

(Deposit)

kerZo piris an sawarmos angariSi komerciul

bankSi, romelzedac momxmarebels SeuZlia fulis

an Cekebis ganTavseba da maTi gamotana bankis

winaswar gafrTxilebis pirobiT.

deflatori (deflatori (deflatori (deflatori (mSp-isisisis deflatorideflatorideflatorideflatori)

(Deflator - GDP deflator)

fasebis indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens garkveul

wels gamoSvebuli saqonlis Rirebulebis

fardobas sabaziso wlis fasebSi gamosaxul

RirebulebasTan. mSp-is deflatori gansazRvravs

damokidebulebas nominalur da realur

(sabaziso wlis) mSp-s Soris.

deflaciadeflaciadeflaciadeflacia

(Deflation) fasebis saerTo donis daweva. (ix. inflacia)

ekonomikuri zrdaekonomikuri zrdaekonomikuri zrdaekonomikuri zrda

(Economic growth) realuri gamoSvebis zrda.

erovnuli angariSebierovnuli angariSebierovnuli angariSebierovnuli angariSebi

(National accounts) drois garkveul periodSi (rogorc wesi, erTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi), erovnuli ekonomikis

amsaxveli statistikuri monacemebis erToblioba.

kerZod, erovnuli angariSebi asaxaven qveyanaSi

warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis mTlian

moculobas da qveynis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis

indikators warmoadgenen.



valdebuleba (pasivi )valdebuleba (pasivi )valdebuleba (pasivi )valdebuleba (pasivi )

(Liability)

vali; pirovnebis an sawarmos gankargvaSi

arsebuli saxsrebi da qoneba, romelzedac sxva

mxares garkveuli pretenzia SeiZleba gaaCndes.

qveynis valutis sxva qveynis valutaSi gamosaxuli

fasi, romelic dadgenilia am valutebis realuri

msyidvelobiTi unaris gaTvaliswinebiT.

valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )

(Appreciation)

savaluto bazarze valutis fasis zrda. (ix.

valutis dacema)

valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) valutis dacema (kursis dacema )

(Depreciation) savaluto bazarze valutis gaiafeba sxva

valutebTan SedarebiT.

SeniSvna: ekonomikur literaturaSi sityvas “Depreciation’ SeiZleba hqondes sxva mniSvnelobac _ cveTa, cveTis

sabuRaltro asaxva, amortizacia.

investicia (kapitaldabandeba )investicia (kapitaldabandeba )investicia (kapitaldabandeba )investicia (kapitaldabandeba )

(Investment)

1. fizikuri qonebis, magaliTad qarxnis, manqana-

danadgarebis, SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (realuri

investicia)

2. fasiani qaRaldebis, magaliTad aqciebis,

SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (finansuri investicia)

SeniSvna: realuri investicia qmnis axal aqtivebs, e. i. zrdis

qveynis sawarmoo potencials; maSin rodesac finansuri

investicia, ubralod, aqtivebis flobis uflebis gadacemaa.

insaideri (bankis )insaideri (bankis )insaideri (bankis )insaideri (bankis )

(Insider)

bankis administraciuli muSaki an aqcioneri, misi

ojaxis wevri an masTan saqmiani interesebiT

dakavSirebuli piri. (sapir. - auTsaideri)

intintintinteleqtualuri kapitalieleqtualuri kapitalieleqtualuri kapitalieleqtualuri kapitali

(Human capital)

saerTo codna romelic gamoiyeneba warmoebaSi.

investiciebs inteleqtualuri kapitalis gazrda-

Si, anu sxvadasxva saxis gamokvlevebSi, Sedegad

sdevs axali, teqnikurad gaumjobesebuli

produqciis warmoeba da ekonomikis efeqturobis

zrda.

intervenciaintervenciaintervenciaintervencia

(Intervention) ama Tu im ekonomikuri subieqtis erTjeradi

intensiuri zemoqmedeba bazarze. magaliTad

erovnuli bankis mier ucxouri valutis gayidvis

mkveTri gazrda.

inflaciainflaciainflaciainflacia

(Inflation) fasebis saerTo donis aweva. (ix. deflacia)



kalaTakalaTakalaTakalaTa

(Basket) ama Tu im sidideTa kompleqti, nakrebi, mag.:

1. samomxmareblo kalaTasamomxmareblo kalaTasamomxmareblo kalaTasamomxmareblo kalaTa _ pirobiTi momxmareb-

lis mier moxmarebuli saqonlisa da misTvis

gaweuli momsaxurebis erToblioba;

2. savaluto kalaTasavaluto kalaTasavaluto kalaTasavaluto kalaTa _ sxvadasxva qveynis valutis

ama Tu im wesiT Seqmnili nakrebi (ECU _ ekiu,

evropuli savaluto erTeuli; SDR _ sesxebis

specialuri ufleba; PPS _ msyidvelobiTi

unaris standarti).

kapitaldabandebakapitaldabandebakapitaldabandebakapitaldabandeba

(Investment)

ix. investicia.

kapitalikapitalikapitalikapitali

(Capital)

warmoebis materialuri (fabrikebi, ofisebi,

manqana-danadgarebi) da aramaterialuri (“nou-hau”)

saSualebebis erToblioba.

kapitalis dena kapitalis dena kapitalis dena kapitalis dena

(Capital flight)

fondebis moZraoba adgilobriv ekonomikasa da

gare samyaros Soris, dakavSirebuli fasiani

qaRaldebis an fizikuri aqtivebis yidva-

gayidvasTan da saerTaSoriso sesxebTan.

kapitaluri angariSikapitaluri angariSikapitaluri angariSikapitaluri angariSi (Capital account)

1. sagadamxdelo balansis nawili, romelic aR-

wers grZelvadiani aqtivebis yidva-gayidvasTan da

kerZo seqtoris sesxebTan dakavSirebul saxsrebis

moZraobas (ix. mimdinare angariSi)

2. erovnuli angariSebis nawili, romelic

moicavs mTavrobis mier saxelmwifo infrastruq-

turis sferoSi (gzebi, skolebi, saavadmyofoebi)

gaweul xarjebs da kerZo seqtoris realur

investiciebs.

likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )

(Liquid assets)

fuladi aqtivebi romlebic advilad SeiZleba

iqnas gamoyenebuli angariSsworebisTvis: oqro,

bankis fuladi saxsrebi salaroSi (larebi da

ucxouri valuta), sakorespondento angariSebi

erovnul da ucxour valutaSi (maT Soris

sazRvargareTac), savaldebulo rezervebis

angariSze arsebuli saxsrebi (Tu isini sakredito

auqcionze nayidi kreditis uzrunvelyofas ar

waroadgenen).

lorencis mrudilorencis mrudilorencis mrudilorencis mrudi

(Lorenz curve)

raime sididis, magaliTad Semosavlebis,

ganawilebis amsaxveli mrudi.

diagonalsa da lorencis mruds Soris moqceuli

farTobis Sefardebas diagonalis qvemoT moqceul

farTobTan ewodeba jinis (Gini) koeficienti. igi warmoadgens ganawilebis araTanabrobis sazoms da



icvleba nolidan (Tanabari ganawileba) erTamde

(absoluturad araTanabari ganawileba).

M0

sxvanairad _ “viwro fuli”. monetarul TeoriaSi

fuladi maragis erT-erTi sazomi (fuladi

agregati), romelic moicavs fuladi aqtivebis

yvelaze likvidur nawils _ bankebis gareT

arsebul naRd fuls. (ar moicavs im naRd fuls,

romelic rezervebis saxiT komerciuli bankebis

sacavebSi inaxeba).

M2

sxvanairad _ “farTo fuli”, moicavs M0-sa da ko-merciul bankebSi arsebul arasabanko da

arasaxelmwifo depozitebs adgilobriv valutaSi.

ganisazRvreba rogorc fuli, romelic, garkveuli

periodis amowurvis Semdeg, SeiZleba gamoyenebul

iqnas angariSsworebisTvis.

M3

aseve, xSirad moixsenieba rogorc “farTo fuli”;

moicavs M2-sa da mosaxleobis ucxour valutaSi

denominirebul anabrebs komerciul bankebSi.

makroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomika

(Macroeconomics)

ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic

swavlobs ekonomikas rogorc erT mTlians da

cdilobs daadginos fundamenturi ekonomikuri

cnebebis _ warmoebisa da dasaqmebis donis,

fasebis saerTo donis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi

faqtorebi.

materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )

(Fixed assets)

Senoba-nagebobani, sameurneo inventari da maTze

gaweuli kapitaluri danaxarjebi

meoradi kapitali (bankis )meoradi kapitali (bankis )meoradi kapitali (bankis )meoradi kapitali (bankis )

(Secondary capital)

materialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis nawili,

miznobrivi fondebi, saimedo sesxebis SesaZlo

danakargebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnili rezervebi.

(ix. pirveladi kapitali)

mikroekonomikamikroekonomikamikroekonomikamikroekonomika

(Microeconomics)

ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic

swavlobs momxmareblebisa da firmebis qmedebas;

aanalizebs sawarmoo faqtorebis, saqonlisa da

momsaxurebis sabazro fasebsa da moculobas.

agreTve, ganixilavs SezRuduli ekonomikuri

resursebis ganawilebis efeqturobas.

mimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSi

(Current account)

1. drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi,

erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen

msofliosTan sasaqonlo (xiluli) da

samomsaxureo (uxilavi) vaWrobis amsaxveli



angariSi. (ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; savaWro

balansi)

2. bankSi fizikuri piris Tu kompaniis

moTxovnamde angariSi.

mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )

(Current assets)

likviduri aqtivebi da bankis mier dafarvis erT

Tvemde vadiT gacemuli sesxebi. agreTve bankis

sxva moTxovnebi dafarvis erT Tvemde vadiT.

moTxovnebimoTxovnebimoTxovnebimoTxovnebi

(Claims) finansuri aqtivebi, saxeldobr gacemuli

kreditebi, saxazino da komerciuli Tamasuqebi.

monetaruli politikamonetaruli politikamonetaruli politikamonetaruli politika

(Monetary policy)

ix. fuladi politika.

mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _ mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _ mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _ mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _

mfi (Producer price index - PPI)

indeqsi romelic asaxavs adgilobrivi mwarmoe-

blebis mier sakuTar produqciaze dadebuli

fasebis donis saSualo cvlilebas. (ix.

samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi)

mep ---- mTlianimTlianimTlianimTliani erovnulierovnulierovnulierovnuli produqtiproduqtiproduqtiproduqti

(GNP)

drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi, erTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis mSp-sa da

sazRvargareTidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis

jami.

mSp ---- mT mT mT mTliani Sida produqtiliani Sida produqtiliani Sida produqtiliani Sida produqti

(GDP)

drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi) adgilobrivad warmoebuli

saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis jamuri

fuladi Rirebuleba. (ix. erovnuli angariSebi)

nominalurinominalurinominalurinominaluri

(Nominal) gazomili mimdinare fasebSi, inflaciis gauTva-

liswineblad. (ix. realuri)

obligaciaobligaciaobligaciaobligacia

(Bond) rogorc wesi, mTavrobis an komerciuli organiza-

ciis mier, sesxis aRebis mizniT gamoSvebuli,

myari saprocento ganakveTis mqone, grZelvadiani

fasiani qaRaldi. (ix. aqcia, saxazino Tamasuqi).

pirvelpirvelpirvelpirveladi kapitali (bankis )adi kapitali (bankis )adi kapitali (bankis )adi kapitali (bankis )

(Primary capital)

aqciebis realizaciidan miRebuli kapitali, kapi-

taluri rezervebi (ganawilebuli mogebis

nawili, romelic gankuTvnilia gauTvaliswinebe-

li zaralis dasafaravad), gaunawilebeli mogeba.

(ix. meoradi kapitali)

realurirealurirealurirealuri

(Real)

gazomili namdvil (sabaziso wlis fasebTan

Sesadar) fasebSi, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.



sagadasaxdelo balansisagadasaxdelo balansisagadasaxdelo balansisagadasaxdelo balansi

(Balance of payments)


wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen msofliosTan

savaWro da safinanso urTierTobis amsaxveli

angariSi. igi Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi nawilisagan:

mimdinare angariSi da kapitaluri angariSi.

sagadasaxado bazasagadasaxado bazasagadasaxado bazasagadasaxado baza

(Tax base) mTliani fuladi fondi romelic eqvemdebareba

gadasaxadebis gadaxdas. magaliTad, saSemosavlo

gadasaxadis baza aris am gadasaxads daqvemdeba-

rebuli mTliani Semosavlebi, xolo mogebis gada-

saxadis baza aris yvela im mogebis jami, romelic

am gadasaxads eqvemdebareba.

sagadasaxado fardobasagadasaxado fardobasagadasaxado fardobasagadasaxado fardoba

(Tax wedge) Tanafardoba damqiraveblis mier gaweuli mTliani

xarjebisa daqiravebulis mier miRebul wminda

xelfasis odenobasTan.

savaWro balansisavaWro balansisavaWro balansisavaWro balansi

(Balance of trade)


wlis ganmavlobaSi) danarCen msofliosTan qveynis

sasaqonlo (xiluli) vaWrobis amsaxveli angariSi.

(ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; mimdinare angariSi).

savaldebulo rezervebisavaldebulo rezervebisavaldebulo rezervebisavaldebulo rezervebi

(Reserve requirements)

komerciuli bankebis saerTo aqtivebSi, rezervebis

savaldebulo proporcia, romelsac centraluri

banki awesebs. es Tanxebi uzrunvelyofen

momxmareblebis yoveldRiuri moTxovnilebis

dakmayofilebas da zRudaven kreditebis gacemas.

saqarTveloSi komerciuli bankebis es rezervebi

inaxeba seb-Si.

sakorespondento angariSebisakorespondento angariSebisakorespondento angariSebisakorespondento angariSebi

(Correspondent accounts)

bankebis angariSebi sxva bankebSi, romlebic

gamoiyeneba klientTa saxeliT bankTaSoris

angariSsworebaSi. maTi moculoba damokidebulia

saangariSsworebo sistemis moqnilobaze da

bankebis survilze gascen sesxi.

samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _ samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _ samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _ samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _

sfi (Consumer price index - CPI)

inflaciis sazomi indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens

samomxmareblo saqonlis da momsaxurebis fiqsi-

rebuli kalaTis nominaluri Rirebulebis

fardobas amave kalaTis sabaziso wlis fasebSi

gamosaxul RirebulebasTan.

samuSao ZalasamuSao ZalasamuSao ZalasamuSao Zala

(Labour)

rogorc fizikuri (magaliTaT, manqanis awyoba),

ise inteleqtualuri (magaliTad, maragis

aRricxvis sistemis Seqmna) Sromis SenaZeni

sawarmoo procesSi.



saprocento ganakveTisaprocento ganakveTisaprocento ganakveTisaprocento ganakveTi

(Interest rate)

msesxeblis mier kreditorisTvis ZiriTadi valis

garda gadasaxdeli Tanxa, gamoxatuli ZiriTadi

valis procentebSi; fuladi resursebis gadacemis

sabazro fasi.

sarezervo fulisarezervo fulisarezervo fulisarezervo fuli

(Reserve money)

aseve moixsenieba rogorc fulis baza an “Zlieri

fuli”, Seicavs M0-sa da komerciul bankebSi

arsebul sxvadasxva rezervebs. sarezervo fulis

moculobas uSualod centraluri banki

akontrolebs.

saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )

(Treasury bill)

finansTa saministros an centraluri bankis mier

gamoSvebuli, gansazRvruli saprocento

ganakveTis mqone, moklevadiani (erT welze

naklebi) fasiani qaRaldi, romelic warmoadgens

mTavrobis mier Tamasuqis mflobelisagan sesxis

aRebis damamtkicebel sabuTs. saxazino Tamasuqi

erT-erTi instrumentia, romlis meSveobiTac

centraluri banki akontrolebs mimoqcevaSi

arsebuli fulis moculobas. (ix. obligacia)

socialuri uzrunvelyofis socialuri uzrunvelyofis socialuri uzrunvelyofis socialuri uzrunvelyofis

sistemasistemasistemasistema

(Social Safety Net)

socialurad naklebad uzrunvelyofili

fenebisTvis _ mcireSemosavliani ojaxebisTvis,

umuSevrebisTvis, pensionerebisTvis, invalidebis-

Tvis, martoxela mSoblebisTvis da a.S. daxmarebis

aRmoCenis sistema.

savaluto rezervebisavaluto rezervebisavaluto rezervebisavaluto rezervebi

(Foreign currency (exchange) reserves)

ucxouri valutisa da oqros maragi, romelic

gamoiyeneba sagadamxdelo balansis deficitis

Sesavsebad.

sterilizaciasterilizaciasterilizaciasterilizacia

(Sterilisation) ama Tu im eknomikuri RonisZiebis Tanmdevi

arasasurveli efeqtis gabaTileba sxva

ekonomikuri RonisZiebiT. magaliTad, samTavrobo

dakreditebis gazrdis Sedegad fuladi maragis

zrdis Tavidan asacileblad, erovnuli banki

ucxouri valutis gayidviT amcirebs mimoqcevaSi

arsebuli adgilobrivi valutis moculobas.

uimedo sesxiuimedo sesxiuimedo sesxiuimedo sesxi

(Bad loan)

gasesxebuli Tanxa, romlis ukan dabruneba aRar

aris mosalodneli (magaliTad, mevale gakotrda).

aseTi sesxebi miekuTvneba xarjebs da Camoiwereba.

fardobiTi upiratesobafardobiTi upiratesobafardobiTi upiratesobafardobiTi upiratesoba

(Comparative advantage)

qveynis unari ufro naklebi danaxarjebiT

awarmoos garkveuli saqoneli vidre meore

qveyanam. (ix. absoluturi upiratesoba)



fasiani qaRaldebifasiani qaRaldebifasiani qaRaldebifasiani qaRaldebi

(Securities) kapitalis mozidvis finansuri instrumenti.

ZiriTadi fasiani qaRaldebia: aqcia, obligacia,

Tamasuqi, saxazino valdebuleba.

faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis

faqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebi

(Factors of production)

resursebi romlebic gamoiyeneba firmebis mier

saqonlis an momsaxurebis warmoebisas. gamoyofen

sawarmoo faqtorebis sam ZiriTad jgufs: miwa,

samuSao Zala da kapitali.

faqtoruli Rirebuleba faqtoruli Rirebuleba faqtoruli Rirebuleba faqtoruli Rirebuleba

(Factor cost)

saqonlis an momsaxurebis Rirebuleba daxar-

juli faqtoruli resursebis gamosaxulebaSi.

faqtoruli Semosavali faqtoruli Semosavali faqtoruli Semosavali faqtoruli Semosavali an

erovnuli Semosavalierovnuli Semosavalierovnuli Semosavalierovnuli Semosavali

(Factor income or national income)

drois mocemul periodSi SinameurneobaTa saerTo

fuladi Semosavali miRebuli biznesisTvis

faqtoruli resursebis mowodebis sanacvlod.

fiskaluri politikafiskaluri politikafiskaluri politikafiskaluri politika

(Fiscal policy)

sagadasaxado-sabiujeto politika. sagadasaxado

sistemisa da saxelmwifo xarjebis struqturis

saTanado marTviT qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze

zemoqmedebis meqanizmi.

fuladi bazafuladi bazafuladi bazafuladi baza

(Monetary base)

ix. sarezervo fuli

fuladi politikafuladi politikafuladi politikafuladi politika

(Monetary policy)

qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze zemoqmedeba fu-

lis moculobis, dakreditebisa da saprocento

ganakveTebis struqturis saTanado marTviT.

fulis mimoqcevis siCqarefulis mimoqcevis siCqarefulis mimoqcevis siCqarefulis mimoqcevis siCqare

(Velocity of money circulation)

indeqsi, romelic gviCvenebs Tu, garkveuli

periodis ganmavlobaSi, saSualod ramdenjer

gamoiyeneba angariSsworebisTvis TiToeuli

fuladi erTeuli. gamoiTvleba formuliT:

V P YM= , sadac, V aris fulis mimoqcevis

siCqare; M _ fulis moculoba (M2 an M3); Y _ realuri mSp; P _ mSp-s deflatori.

fulis multiplikatorifulis multiplikatorifulis multiplikatorifulis multiplikatori

(Money multiplier)

sabanko sistemas, sadepozito angariSebze miRe-

buli Tanxebis gasesxebiT, axali depozitebis

Seqmnis (anu fulis gamravlebis) unari gaaCnia.

fulis multiplikatori aris am gamravlebis

koeficienti. sem-Si fulis multiplikatori

gamoiTvleba M2-is an M3-is sarezervo fulTan

SefardebiT. arsebobs misi gamoTvlis sxva gzebic.

(ix. sarezervo fuli; rezervebi; savaldebulo

rezervebi)

SinameurneobaSinameurneobaSinameurneobaSinameurneoba erT saerTo sacxovrebel farTobze da erTi



(Household) saojaxo biujetiT mcxovreb adamianTa

erToblioba.

SeRavaTiani periodiSeRavaTiani periodiSeRavaTiani periodiSeRavaTiani periodi

(Grace period)

kreditis dabrunebis periodi, romlis

ganmavlobaSi mxolod saprocento ganakveTis

gadaxda xdeba.

Crdilovani ekonomikaCrdilovani ekonomikaCrdilovani ekonomikaCrdilovani ekonomika

(Black, grey, underground, shadow economy)

faruli ekonomikuri garigebebis erToblioba,

romlis arsebobis safuZveli _ gadasaxadebisagan

Tavis aridebis an aralegaluri qmedebis damalvis

survilia.

centraluri bankicentraluri bankicentraluri bankicentraluri banki

(Central bank)

qveynis mTavari banki, romelic moqmedebs rogorc

mTavrobisa da sxva bankebis banki da pasuxismgebe-

lia qveyanaSi fuladi politikis ganxorciele-

baze. saqarTveloSi _ saqarTvelos erovnuli

banki (seb).

wminda adgilobriviwminda adgilobriviwminda adgilobriviwminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi _ aqtivebi _ aqtivebi _ aqtivebi _

waa (Net domestic assets - NDA)

rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito

dawesebulebis adgilobrivi sakuTrebisa da

ekonomikis adgilobrivi subieqtebis mimarT

moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis sxvaobisa. sem-

Si, rogorc wesi saubaria saqarTvelos erovnuli

bankis waa-ze (ix. aqtivebi, wminda ucxouri

aqtivebi)

wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wua

(Net foreign assets - NFA)

rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito

dawesebulebis ucxoeTSi mdebare sakuTrebisa da

sazRvargareT ganlagebuli ekonomikuri

subieqtebis mimarT moTxovnebis da

valdebulebebis sxvaobisa.

jinis koeficientijinis koeficientijinis koeficientijinis koeficienti

(Gini coefficient)

ix. lorencis mrudi.

hiperinflaciahiperinflaciahiperinflaciahiperinflacia

(Hyperinflation) Zalian maRali inflacia. xSirad ganisazrvreba

rogorc inflacia romlis Tviuri done, drois

xangrZlivi monakveTis (eqvsi Tve da meti)

ganmavlobaSi, 50 procents aRemateba.

PAYG (Pay-as-you-go) sistema am sistemis sapensio programebi mTels msopliosi

xorcieldeba. PAYG sistemis safuZvelze

mTavroba momuSaveTagan agrovebs gadasaxadebs

pensionerTaTvis pensiebis gasacemad. sistema

mdgrad mistemad iTvleba, Tuki muSakTa Sesabamisi

raodenoba sapensio valdebulebis dasafarad

gadaixdis gadasaxads, romlis ganakveTi

damamZimebeli ar iqneba. es sistema momuSaveTa da



pensionerTa individualur sapensio angariSebs ar

iTvaliswinebs; muSakis mier Sesatani

gadasaxadebis ganakveTi ar aris dafuZnebuli im

ganakveTze, romelsac konkretuli muSaki miiRebs

pensiaze gasvlis semdeg, xolo xandazmulTa

pensiebi ar aris dafuZnebuli konkretuli

pensioneris mier Setanili gadasaxadebis

odenobaze. PAYG-is sistema gansazRvruli

odenobis sapensio daxmarebis sistemaa.

gansazRvruli ganakveTis sapensio daxmarebis

sistemebisTvis damaxasiaTebalia

pensionerebisTvis dabali risk-faqtori da amave

dros dabali mogebac.

statistikuri danarTi


sarCevi * cxrili A 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis funqcionaluri da ekonomikuri

klasifikaciiT, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi cxrili A 4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi cxrili A 4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva cxrili A 5.1.1: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 5.1.2: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 5.2.1: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002w. I nax. cxrili A 5.2.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002w. I nax. cxrili A 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT, 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT cxrili A 6.2: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT, 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT cxrili A 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. I kv. – 2001 w. IV kv. * cxrilis nomris pirveli cifri miuTiTebs imaze, Tu romel Tavs ekuTvnis esa Tu is cxrili.

cxrili A3.1: saxlmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis pirvli naxevari(milioni lari)

wliuri gegma

wlis pirveli naxevris gegma

wlis pirvli naxevris faqtiuri

Semosavlbi

gansxvavba gegmis Sesruleba

%

faqtiuri Semosavlebi wliur

gegmasTan %

faqtiuri Semosavlebi

wina welTan %

sul Semosavlebi da grantebi 928.6 448.543 381.95 -66.593 85.2 41.1 109

sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 771.3 357.246 331.366 -25.88 92.8 43.0 106

centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 573.7 264.104 244.729 -19.375 92.7 42.7

saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 19.9 9.281 8.247 -1.034 88.9 41.4 98

mogebis gadasaxadi 9.6 4.531 3.924 -0.607 86.6 40.9 124

dRg 374.8 172.255 166.606 -5.649 96.7 44.5 108

adgilobriv produqciaze 203.5 94.412 92.815 -1.597 98.3 45.6 99

importze 171.3 77.843 73.791 -4.052 94.8 43.1 121

aqcizi 104.7 48.043 40.338 -7.705 84.0 38.5 103

adgilobriv produqciaze 27.1 12.637 10.059 -2.578 79.6 37.1 94

importze 77.6 35.406 30.279 -5.127 85.5 39.0 106

sabaJo gadasaxadi 59.2 27.426 21.163 -6.263 77.2 35.7 102

sxva gadasxadebi 5.5 2.568 4.451 1.883 173.3 80.9

1 % socialuri gadasaxadi 5.5 2.568 2.923 0.355 113.8 53.1

fiqcirebuli gadasaxadi 1.582

arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi 79.1 53.676 48.706 -4.97 90.7 61.6 158

specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis Semosavlebi 198.3 93.462 86.911 -6.551 93.0 43.8 101

socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondi 156 73.613 70.693 -2.92 96.0 45.3 103

sagzao fondi 42.3 19.849 16.218 -3.631 81.7 38.3 97

grantebi 77.5 37.301 1.604 -35.697 4.3 2.1 23

wyaro; finansTa saministro

cxrili A3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi ekonomikuri da funqcionaluri klasifikaciiT, 2002 wlis pirvli naxevari(milioni lari)

sul xelfasi mivlinebebi socialuri anaricxebi

sxva saqoneli da momsaxureba

procentebis gadaxda

subsidiebi da mimdi nare

transfertebi

kapitaluri xarjebi

miznobrivi programebi

wminda dakrediteba

saxelmwifos marTva 91.9 9.2 2.1 3.2 14.3 0.7 0.0 2.3 60.1

Tavdacva 17.0 4.4 0.3 0.2 8.2 3.8 0.0

kanoniereba da wesrigi 37.9 14.9 0.4 1.4 9.1 12.1 0.1

ganaTleba 15.2 6.7 0.0 2.9 3.4 0.9 1.2

jandacva 16.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.6 9.1 6.2

socialuri uzrunvelyofa 116.3 0.0 0.0 67.3 47.5 0.1 1.4

sabino meurneoba 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.8

kultura, sporti da religia 10.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.3 7.1 0.1 1.8

energetika 12.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 12.4

soflis meurneoba 3.0 1.7 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.2

mSenebloba da wiaRiseulis mopoveba 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0transporti da komunikaciebi 19.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 18.5 0.0sxva ekonomikuri saqmianoba 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2

sxva xarjebi 113.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 64.0 32.2 0.0 16.1sul 456.5 39.1 2.9 9.3 106.2 64.0 126.7 18.7 13.3 76.2


cxrili A4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi(aTasi lari)

2001 w.wliuri (1) ian-02 Teb-02 mar-02 apr-02 mai-02 ivn-02

wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi -335,729 -363,822 -365,946 -368,539 -386,075 -388,686 -407,404oqro 1,058 1,058 1,058 1,240 1,240 1,240 1,295

ucxouri valuta 331,803 334,294 334,674 328,613 320,195 321,691 320,243

ssf-s rezervebis gamoyeneba -587,559 -618,555 -620,661 -613,335 -622,454 -626,561 -632,222

sxva ucxouri valdebulebebi -81,031 -80,618 -81,016 -85,056 -85,056 -85,056 -96,721

wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi 765,585 795,219 801,285 801,330 820,709 825,742 844,962 wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi 739,129 750,264 757,859 730,654 742,995 747,865 746,563

wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi 749,415 758,754 765,676 742,910 751,255 754,929 757,004

m/S centraluri mTavrobis dakrediteba 767,625 776,925 786,625 767,625 770,625 773,625 782,322

wminda moTxovnebi sesf-sadmi (2) -925 -983 -791 -732 -834 -527 -293

sxva arasabiujeto fondebi (wminda) -9,361 -7,507 -7,026 -11,524 -7,426 -6,537 -10,149

moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi 78,335 81,760 82,122 82,092 82,061 82,012 93,032

wminda moTxovnebi bankebisadmi 677 507 501 519 -441 419 12

sxva wminda aqtivebi -52,555 -37,313 -39,198 -11,936 -3,906 -4,555 5,355

sarezevo fuli (M1) 429,857 431,397 435,339 432,791 434,634 437,055 437,557 erovnuli fuli mimoqcevaSi 365,669 361,839 369,189 361,629 366,022 365,492 363,913

k/b-s depozitebi 64,188 69,557 66,150 71,162 68,612 71,563 73,645

savaldebulo rezervebi 53,300 55,815 57,844 57,613 59,571 58,803 61,046

naSTi k/b-s sakorespondento angariSebze 10,888 13,742 8,306 13,549 9,041 12,761 12,599

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki(1) gamoiangariSeba seb -is mier 1998 wlidan(2) socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi

2002 w.

cxrili A4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi(aTasi lari)

2001wliuri (1) ian-02 Teb-02 mar-02 apr-02 mai-02 ivn-02

wminda ucxouri aqtivebi 3,708 -9,102 -32,892 -16,365 -7,531 -14,973 -11,275 oqro 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

ucxouri valuta 151,118 177,262 169,400 157,085 158,219 140,469 189,902

ucxouri valdebulebebi -147,414 -186,368 -202,296 -173,454 -165,753 -155,446 -201,181

wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi 379,887 399,787 426,777 427,432 417,693 417,107 432,874 adgilobrivi krediti 479,469 494,024 523,137 525,725 541,136 540,121 533,129

wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi -14,513 -21,106 -15,677 -10,181 -3,620 -11,739 -23,259

wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi -2,415 -5,282 -3,125 1,371 7,997 1,609 -5,075


sxva wminda aqtivebi -99,582 -94,237 -96,360 -98,293 -123,442 -123,014 -100,254

sadepozito valdebulebebi 383,595 390,685 393,884 411,066 410,162 402,134 421,599 depozitebi erovnul valutaSi 54,989 56,358 55,063 59,794 61,930 65,412 59,596

depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 328,606 334,327 338,821 351,272 348,232 336,722 362,003

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki(1) gamoiangariSeba seb -is mier 1998 wlidan

2002

cxrili A4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva(aTasi lari)

2001wliuri (1) ian-02 Teb-02 mar-02 apr-02 mai-02 ivn-02

wminda ucxouri aqtivebi -332,021 -372,924 -398,838 -384,904 -393,606 -403,660 -418,679 oqro 1,061 1,061 1,061 1,243 1,243 1,243 1,299

ucxouri valuta 482,921 511,556 504,074 485,698 478,414 462,161 510,145

ucxouri valdebulebebi -816,003 -885,542 -903,973 -871,845 -873,263 -867,064 -930,123

wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi 1,064,466 1,108,247 1,144,757 1,142,256 1,151,284 1,152,529 1,185,429 adgilobrivi krediti 1,296,932 1,326,049 1,363,118 1,338,471 1,366,192 1,369,999 1,372,723

wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi 724,616 729,159 742,182 720,474 739,375 736,126 723,304

wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi 747,000 753,473 762,551 744,281 759,253 756,538 751,929

saxazino valdebulebebi 15,925 14,555 14,785 16,411 21,384 20,259 22,670

wminda moTxovnebi adgilobrivi mTavrobisadmi -4,333 -3,221 -3,282 -3,676 -2,596 -4,429 -7,205

wminda moTxovnebi sesf-sadmi -925 -983 -791 -732 -834 -527 -293

sxva arasabiujeto fondebi (wminda) -17,126 -20,110 -16,296 -19,399 -16,447 -15,455 -21,127


sxva wminda aqtivebi -232,466 -217,801 -218,362 -196,215 -214,908 -217,470 -187,294

farTo fuli (M3) 732,445 735,323 745,918 757,352 757,678 748,869 766,749 farTo fuli ucxouri depozitebis gamoklebiT (M2) 403,839 400,996 407,097 406,081 409,446 412,148 404,746

erovnuli valuta bankebis gareT (M0) 348,850 344,638 352,034 346,286 347,516 346,736 345,150

erovnuli valuta mimoqcevaSi 365,669 361,839 369,189 361,629 366,022 365,492 363,913

naRdi fuli k/b-Si -16,819 -17,201 -17,155 -15,343 -18,506 -18,756 -18,763

depozitebi erovnul valutaSi 54,989 56,358 55,063 59,794 61,930 65,412 59,596 depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 328,606 334,327 338,821 351,272 348,232 336,722 362,003

wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki(1) gamoiangariSeba seb -is mier 1998 wlidan

2002

cxrili A5.1.1: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax. (aTasi aSS dolari)

qveynebiimporti eqsporti importi eqsporti

suldsT

somxeTi 5,158 10,036 7,310 6,237

azerbaijani 32,402 15,335 38,658 5,298

belorusi 429 436 1,109 546

yazaxeTi 2,727 941 2,631 2,812

yirgizeTi 64 58 135 -

moldova 75 48 87 64

ruseTi 66,349 24,081 49,887 40,696

tajikeTi - 282 122 50

TurqmeneTi 7,938 11,446 7,398 14,419

ukraina 22,981 4,415 28,021 5,085

uzbekeTi 222 1,335 1,091 333

evrokavSiri 90,348 29,319 97,040 29,663

avstria 6,035 92 6,081 495

belgia 3,232 1,002 3,875 6,575

fineTi 3,706 300 2,459 335

dania 1,115 - 8,365 -

safrangeTi 6,111 1,171 10,334 196

germania 27,730 2,474 34,806 4,004

saberZneTi 4,387 2,199 1,772 1,582

irlandia 244 72 646 -

italia 17,517 3,598 8,917 5,455

luqsemburgi 83 - 112 -

niderlandebi 5,581 2,134 4,555 2,504

portugalia 333 21 568 76

espaneTi 981 371 847 879

SvedeTi 2,805 12 993 710

gaerTianebuli samefo 10,488 15,873 12,710 6,852


2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.

cxrili A5.1.2: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax.(aTasi aSS dolari)

qveynebiimporti eqsporti importi eqsporti

sxva qveynebi

avstralia 246 51 251 16

alJiri - - - 241

angola 0 0 - -

arabeTis gaerTianebuli saemiroebi 2,783 1,766 3,780 121

argentina - - 10 0

avRaneTi 0 0 2 0

aSS 16,224 2,669 18,442 3,066

bangladeSi 0 9 - -

bahamis k-bi 3,062 0 266 227

belizi 0 20 - -

butani 1 11 10 0

bosnia 0 25 0 3

brazilia 6,719 0 1,352 3

bulgareTi 7,171 107 5,572 143

gambia 2 2,446 - -

gana 0 73 - -

giblartari 246 2,713 248 464

gvinea 0 15 0 46

kolumbia 30 3 18 -

kviprosi 589 33 1,128 63

CexeTi 1,764 239 1,244 201

ekvadori 425 0 373 0

egvipte 35 4 23 3

estoneTi 98 19 27 0

ungreTi 2,272 10 2,853 253

indoeTi 2,020 254 854 3,086

indonezia 100 0 2,234 15

irani 3,844 1,732 2,239 1,914

islandia 0 0 27 0

israeli 590 198 260 341

iamaika - - 3 0

iaponia 3,430 651 1,306 961

iordania 0 41 0 116

kanada 128 12 206 13

koreis sax. respublika 258 0 8 0

koreis resp. 197 617 387 25

kuba 0 - - -

libani 186 0 1,270 11

latvia 421 151 600 220

libia 2 0 - -

lixtenSteini 16 0 116 67

litva 555 1,178 3,893 1,659

maroko - - 18 0

malavi 94 0 138 0

malazia 0 0 53 2

malta 0 28 - -

makedonia 28 5 34 25

mavritania 144 0 28 0

monako 1 0 - -

mongoleTi 0 162 0 80

meqsika - - 2 0

mozambiki - - 0 5

norvegia 143 3 95 0

axali zelandia 170 0 455 0

niuei 1,154 0 1,146 15

pakistani 0 5 - -

panama 0 182 - -

peru 46 6 - -

poloneTi 1,520 141 1,886 479

filipinebi 49 0 0 20

rumineTi 2,221 0 4,684 385

saudis arabeTi 25 0 2 22

san-marino 0 1 3 0

singapuri 343 29 103 21

slovakeTi 320 0 338 1

slovenia 1,305 9 4,763 3

samxreT afrika 44 3 12 58

Sri-lanka 49 15 51 0

Sveicaria 6,190 7,710 6,220 9,117

CineTi 2,355 510 1,711 482

siria 171 431 228 252

taivani (CineTi) 261 1 174 0

tanzania - - 4 0

tailandi 308 2 4 0

tonga - - 11 0

tunisi - 8 - -

TurqeTi 44,997 25,355 53,147 34,715

vietnami 22 3 22 0

virjiniis k-bi 1,809 0 206 20

iugoslavia 214 5 237 5

zambia - 15 - -

xorvatia 2,359 0 128 0

zimbabve 250 0 583 0

hondurasi - - 147 0

hong-kongi (CineTi) 93 0 255 1


2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.

cxrili A5.2.1: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. (aTasi aSS dolari)

HTS importi eqsporti01 - cocxali pirutyvi 229 2

02 - xorci da xorcis subproduqtebi 6,479 733

03 - Tevzi, kiborCxalismagvari, moluskebi da sxv. 889 63

04 - rZe da rZis produqtebi, frinvelis kvercxi, naturaluri Tafli,cxoveluri warmoSobis sxva sasursaTo produqtebi 2,116 153

05 -cxoveluri warmoSobis sxva produqtebi 12 0

06 -cocxali mcenare, mcenareebis bolqvebi da Zirebi, soko, dakrefili yvavilebi da sxv. 118 8

07 -bostneuli 1,205 415

08 -nayofi da kakali, citrusebis an baRCeuli kulturebis kani da qerqi 1,499 2,899

09 -yava, Cai, saneblebi 841 2,503

10 -pur-marcvleuli 8,720 3,018

11 -fqvil-burRuleulis mrewvelobis produqcia; qeri; saxamebeli; inulini; puris webovana 4,643 -

12 -zeTovani nayofi da Tesli; sxva Tesli, nayofi da marcvali; samkurnalo da teqnikuri daniSnulebis mcenareebi; Cala da furaJi 164 434

13 -fisebi da balzamebi, mcenareuli wvenebi da eqstraqtebi 126 11

14 -dawnuli nakeTobebis dasamzadebeli mcenareuli warmoSobis masala; mcenareuli warmoSobis sxva produqtebi, romlebic ar aris miTiTebuli sxva adgilas 21 5

15 -cxoveluri da mcenareuli warmoSobis cximebi da zeTebi; maTi daSlis produqtebi; damzadebuli sakvebi cximebi; cxoveluri an mcenareuli warmoSobis cvili 3,731 32

16 -xorcis, Tevzisa da kiborCxalasmagvarTa, moluskebisa da zRvis sxva uxerxemloTa nawarmi 1,385 13

17 -Saqari da Saqris sakonditro nawarmi 13,589 314

18 -kakao da misi nawarmi 2,238 153

19 -puris marcvlis, fqvilis, kraxmalis da rZis nawarmi; fqvilis sakonditro nawarmi 2,017 62

20 -bostneulis, nayofis, kaklis da mcenareTa sxva nawilebis gadamuSavebis produqtebi 979 599

21 -sxva saxis sakvebi produqtebi 3,009 220

22 -alkoholiani da ualkoholo sasmelebi da Zmari 1,183 22,701

23 -gemo-kvebis mrewvelobis narCenebi; mza sakvebi cxovelebisaTvis 455 -

24 -Tambaqo da Tambaqos samrewvelo Semcvlelebi 12,384 564

25 -marili; gogirdi; miwa da qva; sabaTqaSe masala; kiri da cementi 2,494 277

26 -madani, wida da nacari 27 8,556

27 -mineraluri sawvavi, navTobi da maTi amoqaCvis produqtebi; bitumizebuli nivTierebebi; mineraluri cvili 81,220 6,488

28 -araorganuli qimiis produqtebi; Zvirfasi da iSviaTi liTonebis, radioaqtiuri elementebis an izotopebis organuli da araorganuli SenaerTebi 2,059 2,848

29 -organuli qimiuri SenaerTebi 739 13

30 -farmacevtuli produqtebi 24,399 1,517

31 -sasuqebi 146 7,385

32 -saTrimlavi da saRebavi eqstraqtebi; tanini da misi warmoebulebi; saRebavebi, pigmentebi da sxva saRebavebi nivTierebebi; melani (topografiuli saRebavebi) 1,221 142

33 -eTerzeTebi da rezinoidebi; parfiumeriis, kosmetikisa da tualetis saSualebani 3,646 515

34 -saponi, zedapirulad-aqtiuri organuli nivTierebebi, sarecxi saSualebebi, sapoxi masalebi, xelovnuri da mza sanTlebi, sawmendi da saprialebeli saSualeblebi, sanTeli da misi msgavsi nawarmi, saZerwi pastebi, plastelini, kbilis samkurnalo sanTlebi 2,291 44

35 -cilovani nivTierebebi; modificirebuli saxamebeli; webo; fermentebi 320 6

36 -asafeTqebeli nivTierebebi; piroteqnikuri nakeTobebi; asanTi; piroforuli Senadnobebi; sawvav nivTierebaTa zogierTi saxeobebi 656 -

37 -foto da kino saqoneli 230 -

38 -Sereuli qimiuri produqtebi 2,294 346

39 -plasmasi da misgan damzadebuli nakeTobani 5,782 663

40 -kauCukisa da rezinis nawarmi 1,611 2

41 -tyavis nedleuli (garda bewvisa) da tyavi 73 588

42 -tyavis nawarmi; sasarajo-saunagire nawarmi da akazmuloba; samgzavro nivTebi, qalis CanTebi da maTi msgavsi saqoneli; cxovelebis tyavisagan damzadebuli nawarmi (garda naturaluri abreSumis ketgutisa) 125 1


cxrili A5.2.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. (aTasi aSS dolari)

HTS importi eqsporti44 -merqani da misgan damzadebuli nawarmi; xis naxSiri 1,223 1,849

45 -korpi da misi nawarmi 531 18

46 -Calis nawarmi, mcenareuli da sxva warmoSobis dasawnavi masala; kalaTis da sxva wnuli nakeToba 0 -

47 -saqaRalde masa merqanis an sxva mcenareuli boWkovani masalisagan; qaRaldisa da muyaos narCenebi da makulatura 3 9

48 -qaRaldi da muyao; qaRaldisa da muyaos nawarmi 8,668 114

49 -nabeWdi wignebi, gazeTebi, reproduqciebi da poligrafiuli mrewvelobis sxva nawarmi; xelnawerebi, nabeWdi teqstebi da gegmebi 2,464 189

50 -abreSumi 19 -

51 -matyli, cxovelebis wminda da uxeSi bewvi; cxenis Zuis narTi da qsovili 239 -

52 -bamba 116 -

53 -sxva mcenareuli safeiqro boWkoebi; qaRaldis narTi da misi qsovilebi 8 -

54 -qimiuri Zafebi 640 0

55 -qimiuri Stapelis boWkoebi 614 15

56 -bamba, nabadi da uqsovadi masalebi; specialuri narTi; bawari da Tokis nawarmi; bagiri da misi nawarmi 157 7

57 -xaliCebi da sxva safeiqro iatakis safenebi 279 3

58 -specialuri qsovilebi; qsovilebi xaoiani arSiiT; maqmani, gobelini, mosarTavi masalebi; naqargebi 34 2

59 -safeiqro qsovilebi, gaJRenTili, gaormagebuli, safarveliT; teqnikuri nawarmi misgan 102 0

60 -manqaniTa da xeliT naqsovi trikotaJis tilo 46 -

61 -trikotaJis tansacmeli 402 25

62 -naqsovi tansacmeli (garda trikotaJisa) 461 340

63 -sxva mza safeiqro nawarmi 2,185 455

64 -fexsacmeli, windebi da analogiuri nawarmi; maTi nawilebi 1,470 25

65 -Tavsaburebi da maTi nawilebi 8 0

66 -qolgebi, xeljoxebi, Soltebi, maTraxebi da maTi nawilebi 39 -

67 -damuSavebuli bumbuli da misgan damzadebuli nawarmi; xelovnuri yvavilebi; adamianis Tmisagan damzadebuli nakeTobani 3 -

68 -nakeTobani qvis, TabaSiris, cementis, qarsisa da sxva msgavsi masalisagan 937 8

69 -keramikis nawarmi 2,140 12

70 -SuSa da misi nawarmi 3,654 124

naxevradZvirfasi qvebi, Zvirfasi liTonebi, Zvirfas liTonebSi amovlebuli liTonebi da maTi nakeTobani; biJuteria; monetebi 185 14,194

72 -Savi liTonebi 5,152 23,127

73 -Savi liTonebis nawarmi 5,254 990

74 -spilenZi da misi nakeTobani 331 1,297

75 -nikeli da misi nakeTobani 6 47

76 -alumini da misi nakeTobani 1,227 4,446

78 -tyvia da misi nakeTobani 9 35 79 -TuTia da misi nakeTobani 17 - 80 - kala da misi nakeToba 14 -

81 -sxva araZvirfasi liTonebi; liTonkeramika; maTi nakeTobani 107 1

82 -instrumentebi, danis nawarmi, kovzebi, Canglebi araZvirfasi liTonebisagan; maTi nawilebi araZvirfasi liTonebisagan 331 84

83 -araZvirfasi liTonebisagan damzadebuli sxva nakeTobani, romlebic sxva adgilas ar aris miTiTebuli 897 34

84 -atomuri reaqtorebi, qvabebi, danadgarebi da meqanikuri mowyobilobebi; maTi nawilebi 34,345 3,575

85 -eleqtruli manqanebi da mowyobilobebi, maTi nawili; xmis Camweri da xmis aRmdgeni aparatura; satelevizio gamosaxulebisa da xmis Camweri da aRmdgeni aparatura; maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 28,705 1,937

86 -sarkinigzo lokomotivebi da moZravi Semadgenlobebi, tramvai, maTi nawilebi; tramvais da rkinigzis qselis sagzao mowyobilobani, maTi kvanZebi da detalebi; meqanikuri da eleqtromeqanikuri signalizaciis mowyobilobebi 9,923 985

87 -miwiszeda satransporto saSualebebi, sarkinigzo da tramvais moZravi Semadgenlobebis garda, da maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 17,192 507

88 -safreni aparatebi, kosmosuri aparatebi maTi nawilebi 11,824 26,230

89 -gemebi, navebi da sxva mcuravi saSualebebi 0 1

90 -optikuri, fotografiuli, kinematografiuli, sazomi, sakontrolo, precizionuri, samedicino da qirurgiuli mowyobilobebi da aparatebi; maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 5,818 585

91 -saaTebi da maTi nawilebi 84 16

92 -musikaluri instrumentebi; maTi nawilebi 10 6

93 - iaraRebi da saomari saSualebebi; maTi nawilebi 319 1,385

94 -aveji, qveSagebi, leibebi, Sezlongebis baliSebi, da sxva analogiuri avejis kuTvnilobani; gasanaTebeli mowyobilobebi da maTi nawilebi, romlebic sxvagan ar aris miTiTebuli; Suqis mricxvelebi, tabloebi da analogiuri nakeTobani; 3,186 100

95 -saTamaSoebi, TamaSobebi da sportuli inventari; maTi nawilebi 443 88

96 -sxvadasxva mza nawarmi 310 318

97- xelovnebis nimuSebi, sakoleqcio da antikvaruli sagnebi 32 31


cxrili A6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT, 2002 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT(sawarmoTa ricxvi)

raioni (qalaqi) damtkicebulia s/s gardasaqmnel obieqtTa nusxaSi

dafuZnebulia da registrirebulia s/s

sul

afxazeTi 34 0aWara 86 35Tbilisi 432 418guria 56 61lanCxuTi 12 14

ozurgeTi 35 39

Coxatauri 9 8

raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 12 9ambrolauri 6 3

lentexi 2 3

oni 1 1

cageri 3 2

samegrelo da zemo svaneTi 180 196abaSa 10 9

zugdidi 54 62

martvili 12 12

mestia 1 0

senaki 27 30

Cxorowyu 16 18

walenjixa 23 24

xobi 12 13

foTi 25 28

imereTi 234 245quTaisi 80 87

tyibuli 16 12

wyaltubo 18 17

WiaTura 17 16

baRdaTi 12 12

vani 11 10

zestafoni 24 24

Terjola 16 14

samtredia 17 27

saCxere 5 9

xaragauli 7 6

xoni 11 11

kaxeTi 120 111axmeta 13 13

gurjaani 22 19

dedofliswyaro 10 7

Telavi 27 28

lagodexi 10 10

sagarejo 15 17

siRnaRi 14 12

yvareli 9 5

mcxeTa-TianeTi 41 39axalgori 1 0

duSeTi 12 8

TianeTi 2 0

mcxeTa 23 27

yazbegi 3 4

samcxe-javaxeTi 54 47adigeni 2 2

aspinZa 3 1

axalqalaqi 8 8

axalcixe 16 15

borjomi 24 20

ninowminda 1 1

qvemo qarTli 99 118rusTavi 33 38

bolnisi 10 12

gardabani 20 33

dmanisi 6 4

TeTriwyaro 11 9

marneuli 17 20

walka 2 2

Sida qarTli 78 83cxinvali 0 0

gori 36 38

kaspi 15 16

qareli 12 10

xaSuri 15 19

java 0 0

sul 1,426 1,362

wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministroSeniSvna: am cxrilis pirvel svetSi mocemulia saprivatizaciod damtkicebulisawarmoebi, xolo meoreSi - is sawarmoebi, romlebic faqtiurad iqnen Sefasebuli da Camoyalibebuli rogorc saaqcio sazogadoebebi. cxrili ar moicavs faqtiurad privatizebul sawarmoebs. meore svetSi mocemuli cifrebi SesaZloa aRemetebodes pirvel svetSi mocemul cifrebs, radganac zogierTi sawarmo korporatizaciis Sedegad gaiyo.

cxrili A6.2: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT 2002 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT(sawarmoTa ricxvi)

raioni (qalaqi ) damtkicebuli saprivatizaciod

privatizebulia sul

privatizebulia 2002w.

s/s sawesdebo kapitalSi Semavali obiqtebi

likvidirebuli sul

afxazeTi 8 - - - -

aWara 325 171 21 -

Tbilisi 4,641 5,126 61 412 -

guria 314 468 6 3 71

lanCxuTi 60 110 5 - 17

ozurgeTi 197 259 1 3 40

Coxatauri 57 99 - - 14

raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 168 276 3 2 50

ambrolauri 58 94 - 1 18

lentexi 32 47 - - 23

oni 47 73 3 1 9

cageri 31 62 - -

samegrelo da zemo svaneTi 1,110 1,536 10 184 279

abaSa 86 98 - 3 14

zugdidi 211 282 2 7 -

martvili 53 57 3 2 19

mestia 12 24 1 3 3

senaki 249 428 1 140 104

Cxorowyu 39 63 - - 23

walenjixa 52 65 - 15 15

xobi 145 140 1 2 59

foTi 263 379 2 12 42

imereTi 2,738 3,097 73 187 582

quTaisi 624 824 41 71 211

tyibuli 223 200 5 - 49

wyaltubo 274 300 4 10 29

WiaTura 265 304 7 68 44

baRdaTi 71 108 - - 36

vani 68 106 - 1 17

zestafoni 412 408 6 12 52

Terjola 132 154 - - 20

samtredia 446 456 5 19 59

saCxere 94 87 2 - 16

xaragauli 65 75 3 5 14

xoni 64 75 - 1 35

kaxeTi 1,084 1,322 37 71 178

axmeta 178 182 1 18 28

gurjaani 140 170 4 13 19

dedofliswyaro 88 120 16 34 3

Telavi 217 272 1 3 36

lagodexi 71 65 5 - 15

sagarejo 128 129 - 3 10

siRnaRi 138 229 6 - 34

yvareli 124 155 4 - 33

mcxeTa-TianeTi 323 408 7 25 71

axalgori 18 18 - - 5

duSeTi 87 132 3 1 12

TianeTi 58 65 - 12 12

mcxeTa 131 158 1 12 42

yazbegi 29 35 3 - -

samcxe-javaxeTi 592 925 17 9 109

adigeni 82 113 8 - 5

aspinZa 30 49 - 1 -

axalqalaqi 56 100 4 1 10

axalcixe 245 369 4 7 56

borjomi 152 250 1 - 34

ninowminda 27 44 - - 4

qvemo qarTli 1,139 1,607 28 20 154

rusTavi 355 463 6 4 60

bolnisi 62 138 1 6 -

gardabani 270 285 3 - 36

dmanisi 20 73 - - 7

TeTriwyaro 114 241 8 4 17

marneuli 284 370 10 6 10

walka 34 37 - - 24

Sida qarTli 887 1,024 18 47 161

cxinvali - 5 - 5 -

gori 315 376 7 19 52

kaspi 201 191 5 - 15

qareli 139 182 4 - 62

xaSuri 232 270 2 23 32

java - - - - -

sqms 490 490 35 - -

sul 13,819 16,450 295 981 1,655

wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministroSeniSvna: imis gamo rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aRematebodes gasayidad damtkicebulTa ricxvs.

cxrili A7.1: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. I kv. - 2001 w. IV kv.(aTasi kaci)

1998 w. I kv.

1998 w. II kv.

1998 w. III kv.

1998 w. IV kv.

1999 w. I kv.

1999 w. II kv.

1999 w. III kv.

1999 w. IV kv.

2000 w. I kv.

2000 w. II kv.

2000 w. III kv.

2000 w. IV kv.

2001 w. I kv.

2001 w. II kv.

2001 w. III kv.

2001 w. IV kv.

sul, 15 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba 3, 099 3, 136 3, 194 3, 008 3, 032 3, 049 3, 092 3, 018 3, 123 3, 151 3, 133 3, 199 3, 277 3, 269 3, 139 3, 083

ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1 ) 2 ,332 2, 462 2,146 1,990

2, 018 2, 052 2, 058 1, 917 1, 951 2, 102 2, 064 2, 095 2, 066 2, 197 2, 144 2, 048

ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2 ) 2 ,457 2 ,555 2,195 2,042

2, 058 2, 093 2, 106 1, 975 2, 087 2, 199 2, 181 2, 215 2, 195 2, 314 2, 246 2, 165

dasaqmebuli 2, 101 2 ,283 1,887 1,741 1, 725 1, 784 1, 792 1, 633 1, 705 1, 890 1, 890 1, 878 1, 818 1, 944 1, 913 1, 838 daqiravebuli 714 737 786 741 737 743 741 710 679 695 675 691 681 672 636 630

TviT-dasaqmebuli 1, 387 1 ,546 1,092 990 973 1, 023 1, 030 905 912 1, 087 1, 095 1, 080 1, 034 1, 189 1, 194 1, 127

umuSevari (1 ) 231 179 260 249 292 268 266 284 246 212 174 217 248 253.1 230.8 210.5 umuSevari (2 ) 356 272 309 301 333 308 314 342 382 309 292 337 377 369.9 332.8 327.3umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1 ) 9.9 7.3 12.1 12.5 14.5 13.0 12.9 14.8 12.6 10.1 8.4 10.4 12.0 11.5 10.8 10.3umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2 ) 14.5 10.6 14.1 14.7 16.2 14.7 14.9 17.3 18.3 14.0 13.4 15.2 17.2 16.0 14.8 15.1

samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti 75.3 78.5 67.2 66.2 66.6 67.3 66.6 63.5 62.5 63.9 65.9 65.5 63.1 67.2 68.3 66.4TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian samuSao ZalaSi 59.5 62.8 50.9 49.7 48.2 49.8 50.1 47.2 46.7 51.7 53.0 51.6 50.1 54.1 55.7 55.0TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian dasaqmebaSi 66.0 67.7 57.8 56.9 56.4 57.3 57.5 55.4 53.5 57.5 57.9 57.5 56.9 61.2 62.4 61.3wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, samuSao Zalis gamokvlevaSeniSvna: (1 ) Sso -s standartiT (an “mkacri” kriteriumiT) (2 ) Sso -s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT

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Transcript of “tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis … · 2013. 8. 5. ·...