Animal TissuesAnimal Tissues

Rubie Maranan-Causaren, M.S.

EPITHELIAL TISSUES

Classification of EpitheliumClassification of Epithelium

1. Number of cell layers1. Number of cell layers– Simple - one– Stratified – more than

one– Pseudostratified – one

layer but varying heightslayer but varying heights of cells make it look stratified

Classification of EpitheliumClassification of Epithelium

2. Shape of cells (in apical layer)– Squamous – flat, width >

h i htheight– Cuboidal – width = height– Columnar – height > width– Columnar – height > width– Transitional – rounded vs.

squamous depending on how much the tissue is stretched

Classification of EpitheliaClassification of EpitheliaI. Covering or lining epithelia

Arrangement of layers Cell shape Classsificationsquamous simple squamoussquamous simple squamous

simple cuboidal simple cuboidalcolumnar simple columnarsquamous stratified squamoussquamous stratified squamous

stratified cuboidal stratified cuboidalcolumnar stratified columnar

d t tifi d l d t tifi d lpseudostratified columnar pseudostratified columnar

2 Glandular epithelia2. Glandular epitheliaa. exocrineb. endocrine

General Features of Epithelium1 Cl l k d ll1. Closely packed cells2. Continuous sheets3. Polarity

– Apical – free upper fsurface

– Basal – lower surfaceC t d b ll• Connected by cell jucntionsAdh fi l t• Adhere firmly to connective tissueA l• Avascular

• Regeneration

Apical Surface Features

Microvilli – extensions ofMicrovilli extensions of cell membrane on apical epithelial cells

Increase surface area for absorption or ion transport

Cilia – hair-like extensions of apical surface membranes

Push mucus over epithelial surfaceFlagellum – single, long cilium of sperm

Covering or Lining Epithelium

Figure 33 1aFigure 33.1a

Figure 33 1bFigure 33.1b

Figure 33 1cFigure 33.1c

Simple Epithelia

Figure 33 1dFigure 33.1d

Figure 33 1eFigure 33.1e

Simple Epithelia

Stratified cuboidal• Location: ducts of adult sweat glands

»Part of male urethra• Function: protection

• Location: male urethra

Simple Epithelia (Stratified columnar)• Location: male urethra

» Large excretory ducts of some glands• Function: protection and secretion

Simple Epithelia

Transitional

Glandular EpitheliumGlandular Epithelium

• Exocrine– Secrete products

t b d

• Endocrine– Secrete products

onto body surfaces or into body cavities

into the bloodstream

body cavities– Ducts carry

secretions to

– No ducts– Messenger

l l ll depithelial surface– Unicellular –

goblet cell

molecules called hormones carried to target organsgoblet cell

secretes mucinto target organs

CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Connective Tissue• Most abundant and widely

distributed• Characterized by large

amount of extracellular matrix between cellsmatrix between cells

• functions– Form skeleton, store & carryForm skeleton, store & carry

nutrients, fight infection, support other tissues and organs, protects and insulatesorgans, protects and insulates organs, stores energy, provides immunity

Pg. 89

General Features of Connective

1. 3 basic elements2. Cells part apart• Do not occur in free• Do not occur in free

surfacesH l• Has nerve supply

• Highly vascular• Matrix maybe semi-

fluid, gelatinous, fibrous gor calcified

Figure 33 2Figure 33.2

Mature Connective TissuesMature Connective Tissues

• Loose ctLoose ct• Dense ct

C til• Cartilages• Bone• blood

Loose C.T.

Figure 33 3bFigure 33.3b

Loose C.T.

Reticular Tissue

Dense C.T.

Figure 33 3cFigure 33.3c

Dense C.T.

• Dense irregularg– Fascia, perichondrium,

periosteum

Cartilage

Figure 33 3dFigure 33.3d

Cartilage

Cartilage

Pubic symphysis Intervertebral discy p y

Bone

OsteonOsteon

Bone

Blood

(N K C )(1%) (Na, K, Ca)

solutes

Blood (RBC)

Blood (WBC)Granulocytes

eosinophil basophilneutrophil

Agranulocytes

lymphocyte monocyte

Platelets (blood clotting)

Muscular Tissues

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle Tissue

LOCATION

SHAPENUMBER OFNUMBER OF NUCLEUS/1

LOCATION OF NUCLEUS

STRIATIONSSTRIATIONS

NERVOUS CONTROLCONTROLSPECIAL CHARAC.

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

dendritesdendrites

Cell body/yperikaryonneuron1.

axon

Neuroglia2. g(supporting tissue)

‘YUN NA!