DEMOCRACY Idea that began in Ancient Greece Adopted and modified by the Romans.
Ancient Greece Summary (modified)
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Transcript of Ancient Greece Summary (modified)
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FactsFacts: What facts : What facts did you note?did you note?
FeelingsFeelings: What : What feelings did you feelings did you have?have?
QuestionsQuestions: What : What questions came up questions came up for you?for you?
IdeasIdeas: What ideas : What ideas were sparked?were sparked?
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By: By: Ms. YangMs. Yang
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The Geography of Greece
The Geography of Greece
• The MountainsThe Mountains– ¾ of the land¾ of the land– Little farmlandLittle farmland
(few streams) (few streams) supported a supported a small small population)population)
– Divided into Divided into city-statescity-states (polis)(polis)
– Never unitedNever united into one countryinto one country
• The SeaThe Sea– Great sailorsGreat sailors– Traded for Traded for
things they things they didn’t havedidn’t have
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With a neighbor, explain With a neighbor, explain how the geography affected how the geography affected the development of Ancient the development of Ancient
Greece.Greece.
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What was the origin and What was the origin and structure of the Greek structure of the Greek polispolis? ?
• Polis: city-statePolis: city-state• By 750 BC- By 750 BC- fundamental political fundamental political
unit in ancient Greeceunit in ancient Greece• Made up of a city and its Made up of a city and its
surrounding countryside- surrounding countryside- including numerous villagesincluding numerous villages– Athens, Sparta, IthacaAthens, Sparta, Ithaca
• Where did they meet to discuss Where did they meet to discuss issues?issues?– AcropolisAcropolis: the highest and most fortified : the highest and most fortified
place in the cityplace in the city– Slide 21Slide 21
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What was the origin and What was the origin and structure of the Greek polis?structure of the Greek polis?
• Why did these develop?Why did these develop?– They began to identify with the They began to identify with the
local area in which they livedlocal area in which they lived• Different types:Different types:
– Monarchy- rule by kingMonarchy- rule by king– Aristocracy – rule by rich Aristocracy – rule by rich
peoplepeople– Oligarchy – rule by a small Oligarchy – rule by a small
group of peoplegroup of people– Tyrant – a dictatorTyrant – a dictator
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Review:Review:
What was the polis?What was the polis?
What was the acropolis?What was the acropolis?
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Why do people need Why do people need religion?religion?
How did the Greeks use How did the Greeks use religion for that purpose?religion for that purpose?
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Describe polytheism in Describe polytheism in the Greek worldthe Greek world
• POLYTHEISTICPOLYTHEISTIC• Greeks developedGreeks developed a rich set of a rich set of
mythsmyths (stories) (stories) about their godsabout their gods• Gave gods human qualitiesGave gods human qualities::
– Love, hate, jealousyLove, hate, jealousy
• Lived foreverLived forever• Mount Olympus- where the gods livedMount Olympus- where the gods lived• Gods were worshiped in templesGods were worshiped in temples
– Use of oracles as mediumsUse of oracles as mediums
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Zeus
Hera
Athena
Hercules
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Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece
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Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
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Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
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Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization
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The Mycenaean Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
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Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
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The Mask of AgamemnonThe Mask of Agamemnon
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ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
Back to the polis…
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Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
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Early Athenian Lawgivers
Early Athenian Lawgivers
• Solon Changes to the
government
Gave citizens a greater voice
• Cleisthenes created the first
democracy!
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What political What political contribution did the contribution did the
Greeks give to Western Greeks give to Western cultures and societies?cultures and societies?
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Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
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Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Persian Wars: Famous Battles Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious
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Outcome of the Persian Wars
Outcome of the Persian Wars
• Delian League: collaboration of Greek city-states to fight the Persians
• After the Persians were defeated, Athens became the strongest city-state and as a result, entered into…
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Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
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PhilosophyPhilosophy
• Philo = lovePhilo = love• Soph = wisdomSoph = wisdom
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Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers• Socrates
• Know thyself!
• question everything “Socratic method”
• Absolute standards did exist for truth and justice
• Died by poison
• Plato• Student of Socrates
• The Academy
• The Republic philosopher-king (person with greatest insight)
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Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers
• Aristotle• Student of Plato
• The Lyceum school
• Questioned the nature of the world and of human thought
• Provides the basis of the Scientific Method.
• Alexander the Great was his student
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Athens: The Arts & Sciences
Athens: The Arts & Sciences DRAMA (tragedians):
Tragedies
Comedies
THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras Pythagorean
Theorem!
A2 + B2 = C2
Democritus all matter made up of small atoms
Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”
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The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Classical Greek art was focused on idealism and beauty.
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Phidias’ AcropolisPhidias’ Acropolis
The acropolis was the fortified hilltop area of the city-state.
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the acropolis of athens
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The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today
Back to the polis!
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The ParthenonThe Parthenon
The Parthenon was a temple built to the Athenian patron goddess, Athena.
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The AgoraThe Agora
Housed in the acropolis was the agora, or the marketplace, where men frequented
to buy/sell or discuss politics.
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OlympiaOlympia
This was the site of the Olympic games that the Greeks attended every year. Though they fought
each other, they would cease war just for the Olympic games.
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The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
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Olympia: Temple to Hera
Olympia: Temple to Hera
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The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics
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Athens’ strength Athens’ strength became their weakness, became their weakness,
and other Greek city-and other Greek city-states grew tired of their states grew tired of their
power…power…
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What were characteristics What were characteristics of Classical Greece culture?of Classical Greece culture?
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SPARTASPARTA
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Spartan SocietySpartan Society• Women were head of household Women were head of household
and ran the family affairsand ran the family affairs• Men were bred to become a part Men were bred to become a part
of the military (unfit babies were of the military (unfit babies were killed)killed)– Boys entered the Boys entered the agogeagoge at age 7 at age 7
where they trained to enter the where they trained to enter the militarymilitary
– The training The training was…was…
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SPARTASPARTA
Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans (used for hard labor).
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Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars
The Peloponnesian Wars (Athens v. Sparta) weakened both Athens and Sparta.
Athens and Sparta went to war against each other. Though Sparta won, the war greatly weakened them both…
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Macedonia Under Philip II
Macedonia Under Philip IIPHILIP II
CONQUERS GREECE.
Philip II hated the Greeks because they looked down on the Macedonians.He sets out to conquer Greece and the work is continued by…
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…his son: Alexander the Great
…his son: Alexander the Great
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impact of the diffusion of impact of the diffusion of Greek culture by Greek culture by
Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great• Conquered the lands from Conquered the lands from
Greece to the Indus ValleyGreece to the Indus Valley– Smashed the Persians, Smashed the Persians,
Egypt (crowned him Egypt (crowned him pharaoh), Babylon, Indus pharaoh), Babylon, Indus River ValleyRiver Valley
-His soldiers fought for 11 -His soldiers fought for 11 yearsyears
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Alexander the Great’s Empire
Alexander the Great’s Empire
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Alexander the Great in Persia
Alexander the Great in Persia
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The Hellenization of Asia
The Hellenization of Asia
Hellenism: blend of Greek and Eastern (Persian, Egyptian, and Indian) cultures
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diffusion of Greek diffusion of Greek cultureculture
• Greek culture and language Greek culture and language traveled with Alexander’s armytraveled with Alexander’s army
• The blend of Egyptian, Persian, The blend of Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences became and Indian influences became known as Hellenistic cultureknown as Hellenistic culture
• New blended languageNew blended language• Alexandria- Egyptian city Alexandria- Egyptian city
became an international became an international community with diverse community with diverse populationpopulation
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Pergamum: A Hellenistic City
Pergamum: A Hellenistic City
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The Economy of the Hellenistic World
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
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Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
Philosophers Cynics Diogenes ignore social conventions &
avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians Epicurus avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.
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Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
Philosophers Stoics Zeno nature is the expansion of
divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found ingreat achievements.
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Hellenic PhilosophyHellenic Philosophy
• Focus on people and lifeFocus on people and life
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Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus heliocentric theory
Euclid geometry
Archimedes pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than classical art
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
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What is Hellenism? What is Hellenism?
How did Alexander the How did Alexander the Great’s conquest lead to Great’s conquest lead to
cultural diffusion?cultural diffusion?
What were some What were some characteristics of characteristics of
Hellenistic Greece?Hellenistic Greece?
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The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire