Who Am I?A Review of Our Influential

Psychologists

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of needs self-actualization

Albert Bandura

observational learning

modeling Bobo doll

experiment social-cognitive

theory of personality development (learned helplessness, internal and external locus of control)

Alfred Adler

focused on childhood, but social, not sexual tensions

human motivation comes from striving for superiority

compensation

Alfred Binet

mental age

B. F. Skinner

operant conditioning

Skinner box Project Pigeon positive/negative

reinforcement (primary, secondary, continuous, partial, fixed, variable)

positive/negative punishment

Carl Jung

personal unconscious and collective unconscious

Carl Rogers

people are basically good

self-concept client-centered

therapy

Charles Spearman

general intelligence (g factor)

Edward L. Thorndike

law of effect

Edward C. Tolman

latent learning

Elizabeth Loftus

eyewitness testimony/ memory

planting false memories

Erik Erikson

stages of psychosocial development

identity

Fritz Heider

attribution theory fundamental

attribution error

Hans Selye

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

trait perspective of personality

Harry Harlow

attachment

critical period

Howard Gardner

multiple intelligences

Ivan Pavlov

classical conditioning

unconditioned/conditioned stimulus or response

acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination

Jean Piaget

stages of cognitive development

schema, assimilation, accommodation, object permanence

John B. Watson

behaviorism

“Little Albert”

Karen Horney

basic anxiety “womb envy”

L.L. Thurstone

opposed Spearman identified seven

clusters of “primary mental abilities”

Lawrence Kohlberg

basic levels of moral thinking

Lev Vygotsky

language (private speech vs. inner speech)

ZPD (zone of proximal development)

scaffolding

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler

Gestalt Psychology

Noam Chomsky

universal grammar

Philip Zimbardo

Stanford prison experiment

role-playing

Robert Sternberg

triarchic theory of intelligence

analytical creative practical

Sigmund Freud

repression psychoanalytic

personality perspective

free association, id, ego, superego

psychosexual stages (Oedipus complex) and defense mechanisms

psychoanalysis

Solomon Asch

conformity

Stanley Milgram

obedience to authority