CMS at CERNFundamental Physics

1903

Marie Curie awarded Nobel Prize in Physics for work on radioactivity

The birth of CERN

`50s

Top quark discoveredat Fermilab

`20sQuantum mechanics comes into its own

2012

Higgs boson discovered by CMS and ATLAS at CERN

New physics phenomena

“Fundamental research is a crucial component of human development. Exploring the unknown and understanding the mysteries around us is what makes humans unique. Particle physicists have approached these challenges systematically and how to work together efficiently and succesfully. CERN and the LHC represent the quintessence of a social endeavour where thousands of scientists work together on a common goal: to understanding of the laws of the Universe itself. The pursuit of knowledge is our unifying driving force.

The discovery of the Higgs boson was only the first step in this journey and many other secrets of Nature are just waiting to be revealed. What is dark matter and dark energy? What role do they play in our existence? How does gravity fit into our understanding of the laws of physics? No-one knows what we will find, but with the CMS experiment we are eager to explore.”Luca Malgeri, CMS Physics Coordinator 2014-2015

RESEARCH AND OUR FUTURE

`80s`90s

Discovery of the W and Z bosons

As of August 2015

www.cern.ch/cmscms.secretariat@cern.ch

FACTS

2840 scientists (including over 940 PhD students)970 engineers191 research institutes, universities and laboratories: 43 countries4.4 x 1015 proton-proton collisions64 petabytes (or over 64,000 terabytes) of data collectedOver 430 scientific publications since 2010

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PHYSICS CHALLENGES

LINKS TO OTHER PHYSICS DOMAINS

ELECTROWEAK PHYSICS

BROUT-ENGLERT-HIGGS MECHANISM

NEW PHYSICS PHENOMENA

EXTRA DIMENSIONS

HIERARCHYBETWEEN FORCES

NEW PARTICLES

DARKMATTER

ENERGY FRONTIER

HIGGS BOSONPROPERTIES

SUPERSYMMETRYTOP QUARK

STANDARD MODEL

EXPLORATION

A THEORY OF EVERYTHING

THE ORIGIN OF MASS

“Dizzying progress in science as well as new insights over the last decades coupled the physics of the cosmos and that of elementary particles into a unified field of research. Poles apart like the CMS experiment at the LHC and IceCube joined in the hunt for the particle nature of dark matter.”Prof. Francis Halzen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Principal Investigator for IceCube.

THE MISSION OF CMS: PHYSICS

Giuseppe Cerati Tracking Convener, 2013-2014

Each collision produces thousands of charged particles that traverse CMS, leaving “footprints” in the form of energy deposits in sensitive layers. Tracking algorithms follow the footprints of each particle from the innermost detector layers to the outermost ones, allowing us to measure each particle’s momentum with a very high precision.

Lindsey Gray Electron-Photon Group Convener,

2014-2015

To get a complete picture of each collision, CMS must determine the type, momentum and energy of all the particles the collision produces. The high-precision calorimeters of CMS measure the energy of electrons, photons and composite particles called hadrons by absorbing nearly all the energy they carry.

Silvia Goy Lopez Detector Performance Group Coordinator, 2014-2015

The rarer the phenomenon we are searching for, the more proton collisions we need to find it. The energy of the proton beams must also be high enough to produce new particles of large masses. Most particles produced in the collisions decay almost instantaneously to particles we already know very well. By measuring the properties of the decay products, the characteristics of the initial particle can be determined.

The CMS Collaboration brings together scientists from across the globe in a quest to advance humanity’s knowledge of the very basic laws of our Universe.

The collaboration is named after the Compact Muon Solenoid, one of the general-purpose particle detectors at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. By colliding protons as well as lead ions, the LHC can recreate conditions that have not existed since the birth of the Universe. Using the CMS detector to observe these collisions, particle physicists can peer back in time to better understand physics at its fundamentals. Having already discovered a Higgs boson –– the key to the origin of mass –– CMS will shed light on numerous other open questions. For example: What is 80% of all matter in the Universe, the so-called Dark Matter, made of? Is supersymmetry present in Nature? How does the newly discovered Higgs boson fit in the theory?

In keeping with CERN’s commitment to open access for high-energy physics, the scientific results from CMS are shared openly with the world.

CMS Collisions

CMS Tracking

CMS Calorimetry

Taejeong KimAnalysis Tool Convener, 2014-2015

The collision events selected by the trigger system must be analysed by thousands of physicists. CMS analysis software provides formats and algorithms needed for the physics analyses of the collaboration as well as common tools to facilitate a quick start to analysis.

Andrea Bocci Deputy Trigger Coordinator, 2012-2014

Protons collide within CMS over thirty million times per second, often with twenty or thirty collisions at the same time. Every second, custom electronics and hundreds of computers select roughly one thousand “interesting” events. All the others are lost, forever.

CMS Triggering system

CMS Analysis software

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