6 peloponnesian war alexander the great
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Transcript of 6 peloponnesian war alexander the great
Peloponnesian WarAthens-Sparta Conflict
Despite the grandeur that was Athens under Pericles, other city-states did exist.
Many of them resented the domination of Athens.
The most powerful rival Athens had was its Peloponnesian rival to the south, Sparta
Peloponnesian War
Athens
Sparta
Sparta - Lifestyles Government
Oligarchy Ruled by a small group
Rigid social structure Militaristic and aggressive society
Sparta was a very militaristic society who sent their sons off to the army at the age of 7.
Citizens were soldiers. Conquered people became state-owned
slaves (helots) who worked the fields to feed the society.
AthensAthens SpartaSparta
SharedShared`
AthensAthens SpartaSparta•Limited direct Limited direct
democracydemocracy•Outlawed debt Outlawed debt
slaveryslavery•Granted Granted
citizenship to citizenship to some foreignerssome foreigners•Merchants & Merchants &
farmersfarmers•Traded with other Traded with other
city statescity states•Boys educated if Boys educated if
affordableaffordable•Broad education Broad education
in many topicsin many topics
• Monarchy with Monarchy with two kings - two kings - oligarchyoligarchy• Military societyMilitary society
• Boys trained to be Boys trained to be soldierssoldiers• Women could Women could
inherit propertyinherit property• Conquered Conquered
peoples became peoples became state owned state owned slavesslaves• Only native-born Only native-born
could be Spartan could be Spartan citizenscitizens
• Disdained tradeDisdained trade• Isolated from Isolated from
other city states in other city states in GreeceGreece
• Common Common languagelanguage
• Common religionCommon religion• Sense of Sense of
superiority over superiority over non-Greeksnon-Greeks
SharedShared
Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.)
Cause: Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greek world
Athens dominance of the Greek city-states in the Delian League v. Sparta in the Peloponnesian League
Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.E.) War lasted 27 yearsPitted Greek against Greek
Athens, a great naval power, located on the sea
Sparta, located inland, immune to naval attack
Peloponnesian WarSparta invaded AthensPericles pulled all people inside the city
walls, causing overcrowded conditionsPlague broke out killing 1/4 to 1/3 of the
total population of Athens, including Pericles
Sparta even enlisted the help of the hated Persians
Results of the Peloponnesian War
Sparta, with the help of the Persian navy, defeated Athens in 404 BCE.
All Athenian ships were burnedIts navy destroyed.
Ended Athenian political domination of the Greek world.
Results of the Peloponnesian War
Cultural advances slowed and the Greeks were politically weaker.Athens remained the cultural center
of the Greek world
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Rise of Macedonia
Land north of the Greek city-statesConsidered to be only “half
civilized” and populated by barbarians to most Greeks
M a c e d o n i aM a c e d o n i a
Philip II of Macedonia
Became king of the Macedonians in 359 B .C. E.
He dreamt of an empire and wanted to control all of Greece
His biggest goal was to take over the Persian Empire as well!
Alliances Through threats, bribery, and
diplomacy, he formed alliances with many of the Greek city- states.
The rest he simply conquered.
Phillip II - Alliances & Conquest 338 BCE - Victory at the Battle of Chaeronea
was against Athens and Thebes which meant that he brought the rest of Greece under his control
Conquered most of Greece However, Phillip was assassinated before he
could conquer the Persian Empire, which was his greatest plan.
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great Son of Phillip II 20 yrs old when his father was
assassinated Became the leader of the Macedonians. Even though he was so young, he had
trained as a soldier in his father’s military and shared his father’s dream of Persian conquest.
Alexander the Great
He was tutored by the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle
Conquest of Persia
He began to build an army and navy in order to attack the Persians
By 334 BCE, he had enough ships to challenge Persian dominance over the Dardanelles.
Persia was not the powerful empire it was in earlier times.
Darius III was weak Persia had internal conflict.
Conquest of Persia
Alexander’s first victory over the Persians came at Granicus
He then conquered all of Asia Minor, Palestine, and Egypt.
In 331 BCE, he took Babylon and other Persian capitals
Alexander’s conquests
Onward to India Alexander and his army
continued to move east, over the Hindu Kush mountains, and into Northern India.
There he met armored elephants and decided he should stop for a while.
Sudden Death
Died in Babylon suddenly without leaving an heir. His empire was eventually divided into three areas
under three generals: Macedonia & Greece Egypt Persia
Legacy of Alexander
Created 70 new cities, 40 of them bore his name.
Examples Alexandria in Egypt Alexandroupolis in
Greece
Legacy of Alexander
Greek soldiers, traders, and artisans settled in cities conquered by Alexander.
Extended Greek cultural influences
Built Greek temples Held Greek festivals Erected Greek art and
architecture.
Legacy of Alexander Established an empire that stretched from Greece to
Egypt and the margins of India
Legacy of Alexander Gradually, a new culture
emerged out of this blending of Greek, Egyptian and Persian (oriental influences)
This new culture was called Hellenistic that lasted until the rise of the Roman Empire
This Hellenistic culture was spread through trade.