Ancient Greece II 449 BC to 300 BC Pericles Peloponnesian War Alexander the Great.
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Transcript of Ancient Greece II 449 BC to 300 BC Pericles Peloponnesian War Alexander the Great.
Ancient Greece II• 449 BC to 300 BC
Pericles
Peloponnesian WarAlexander the Great
SOL Standards Essential Questions
• Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of Greek culture?
• Why was leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?
• What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization?
• How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellinistic culture?
Results of the Persian Wars• Greece wins and preserves its
independence• Greeks control trade on the
Aegean Sea• Athens experiences a Golden
Age and continues innovations in government and culture
Athenian Golden AgeArchitecture, drama, poetry, sculpture, philosophy
and science all reached new heights
Pericles
• He extended democracy; most adult males had an equal voice in government
Father of democracy
Funeral Oration 431 B.C.-Famous speech
Golden Age of Pericles• Pericles had
Athens rebuilt after its destruction in the Persian Wars
• The Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction
Parthenon• Temple to the goddess Athena
• Conveys a sense of perfect balance• Doric columns
Greek ColumnsA. Doric
B. Ionic
C. Corinthian
A. B. C.
A. B. C.
Dorky, I , Crown
Phidias• Greek Sculptor
• He sculpted much of the work on the Parthenon
• His figures were graceful, strong, and perfectly formed
“His work was not hideous”
Greek Philosophers
• “Lovers of wisdom”
• Used logic and reason to understand the universe
• Questioned accepted ideas
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
“SPA”
Socrates• Questioned beliefs and moral standards
• Put to death for corrupting the city’s youth and neglecting the gods
Plato and Aristotle
• Wrote The Republic, his idea of a perfect society
• Student of Socrates
Plato
• His work forms the basis for the scientific method
• Student of Plato
Aristotle
Greek Tragedies• Plays which told of human suffering
• Playwrights: Aeschylus and Sophocles
Aeschylus• Wrote The Orestria –tales of murder and revenge
during the Trojan Wars• Shows how pride can bring misfortune, and how
the gods can bring down even the greatest heroes
“Ashes from a fire can be tragic”
Sophocles• Antigone tells of a
princess who sacrifices her own life to honor her slain brother
• Explores the conflict between love and duty, honor and the law
“It will be a tragedy if I don’t get to be a sophomore”
Wrote Antigone and Oedipus
Greek Historians
• Stressed the importance of research
• Showed the need to avoid bias when recording history
Herodotus and Thucydides
Herodotus• Traveled extensively
and visited many lands to collect information
• Wrote about the Persian Wars
Father of History
“This is ….presented so that things done by men not lose their color in time, nor deeds great and marvelous, some bought forth by Greeks and some by foreigners, lose their renown”
Thucydides• Greek historian
“I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time"
• Wrote about the Peloponnesian War
• Tried to be fair to both sides
The Peloponnesian War• 431BC to 404 BC
Athens and the Delian League
Sparta and the Peloponnesian League
vs.
Results of the Peloponnesian War
• Sparta wins• Athens loses
political power• Cultural advance
is slowed• Greek defenses
are weakened
Phillip II of Macedonia• Conquered Greece (Greek defenses had been
weakened by the Peloponnesian wars)• Father of Alexander the Great
Alexander• Son of Phillip II
• Adopted Greek Culture
Aristotle tutoring Alexander
Alexander the Great• Conquered the Persians
and established an Empire extending from Egypt to India
• Spread Greek culture
Alexander’s Empire• Included Greece and Macedonia and extended
farther into India than the Persian Empire
Alexander’s Death• After 11 years of fighting, Alexander died due to an
illness with fever• Three of his generals established dynasties which
lasted until the rise of the Roman Empire
Hellenistic Age• Years of Greek influence following Alexander’s death and ending with the
Roman conquest.
Hellenistic Culture• Blending of Greek (Hellenic) culture with
Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences
Hellenistic Trade• Hellenistic culture spread through trade
Hellenistic Trade Routes
Hellenistic Achievements• Advances continued in Greek art, architecture,
philosophy, mathematics and science
Greek Mathematicians• Pythagoras and Euclid
“Pythagoras and Euclid thought math was not stupid”
PythagorasPythagorean Theorem: formula used to calculate the relationship between the sides
of a right triangle
Euclid• The Father of Geometry
•Wrote The Elements•His work is still the basis for modern courses in geometry
Greek ScientistsHippocrates and Archimedes
Physics and geometryMedicine
Hippocrates• The Father of Medicine
•Refused to use the gods to explain illness
•Stressed the importance of observation, diagnosis and treatment
•Wrote the “Hippocratic Oath,” which is still used by doctors today.
Archimedes• Invented many practical devices including the
lever and pulley, the screw, and the catapult
“Give me a lever long enough and a place to stand and I will move the earth."