52503444 Optical Fiber

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Amity School of Engineering

Optical Communication

Presented By:

Rupal Bahal

ECE-2

Roll No- 26 1

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Optical communication is any form of

telecommunication that uses light as the

transmission medium.

Optical communication is the transmission

and/or reception of information using optical

signals.

Optical communication may use optical

waveguides (e.g. fiber optic lines) or free space

transmission to transfer optical signals .

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OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

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HISTORY Communications using light is not a new science.

Old Roman records indicate that polished metalplates were sometimes used as mirrors to reflect

sunlight for long range signaling.

The U.S. military used similar sunlight powereddevices to send telegraph information from

mountain top to mountain top in the early 1800s.

For centuries the navies of the world have beenusing and still use blinking lights to send messages

from one ship to another.

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Components of Optical CommunicationSystem

Optical communication consists of:

1) Transmitter

2) Channel

3) Receiver

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A transmitter is an electronic device which,

usually with the aid of an antenna, propagates

an electromagnetic signal such as radio,television, or other telecommunications.

A transmitter is any object (source) which sendsinformation to an observer (receiver).

Ex: Vocal chords may also be considered an

example of a transmitter.

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Channel, in communications ( sometimes called

communications channel), refers to the medium used to

convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a

receiver.

A connection between initiating and terminating nodes of

a circuit.

In a communications system, the part that connects a

data source to a data sink.

A single path provided by a transmission medium

physical separation, such as by multipair cable .

All of these communication channels share the property

that they transfer information. The information is carried

through the channel by a signal.

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Receiver is an electronic device that is used to

generate the signal that comes from the

transmitter. A receiver is a device which reproduces the

message from the received output signal.

The main component of an receiver is aphotodetector, which converts light into

electricity using the photoelectric effect. The

photodetector is typically a semiconductor-

based photodiode.

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How light is Transmitted through OpticalFibre?

Light is transmitted along the core by total

internal reflection mechanism at the boundary

with the cladding layer.

N=1.46

N=1.48

cladding

core

Light Ray Entering

Core from Air

Light is propagated by Total internal reflection

CROSS SECTION

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10

critical angle

c

medium 2

medium 1

ic

ic

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Contents

Forms of Optical communication

Optical communication Free-space Optical Communication

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Forms of optical communication

There are many forms of non-technological

optical communication, including body languageand sign language.

Optical fiber is the most common medium for

modern digital optical communication.

Free-space optical communication is also usedtoday in a variety of applications.

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Fiber-optic communication is a method of

transmitting information from one place to another by

sending pulses of light through an Optical Fiber.The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is

modulated to carry information. First developed in the

1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have

revolutionized the telecommunications industry andhave played a major role in the advent of the

Information Age.

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Structure of Fiber

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In telecommunications, Free Space Optics (FSO) is an

optical communication technology that uses light

propagating in free space to transmit data between two

points.

Free Space Optics (FSO) is a line-of-sight technology that

uses lasers to provide optical bandwidth connections.

Currently, Free Space Optics are capable of up to 2.5 Gbps

of data, voice and video communications through the air,allowing optical connectivity without requiring fiber-optic

cable or securing spectrum licenses.

Free Space Optics require light, which can be focused by

using either light emitting diodes (LEDs) or Lasers.

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Advantages of Optical Communication

First, the high frequency of the optical carrier (typically of the

order of 300,000 GHz) permits much more information to be

transmitted over a single channel than is possible with a

conventional radio or microwave system.

Second, the very short wavelength of the optical carrier (typicallyof the order of 1 micrometer) permits the realization of very small,

compact components.

Third, the highest transparency for electromagnetic radiation yet

achieved in any solid material is that of silica glass in the

wavelength region 11.5 m. This transparency is orders ofmagnitude higher than that of any other solid material in any other

part of the spectrum.

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Thank you..

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