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GROUPIIIINFORMATICS

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

AND

NETWORKING

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Presented by:-

Shraddha Patil

Vijayata Pawar

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WIRELESS

Any type of electrical or electronic operation

accomplished without use of wires

Wireless connections use air to connect sendingand receiving devices

Channel is a division in transmission medium

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COMMUNICATION It is transmission of signals i.e. sending of

electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters

se

Sending

devicemessage

Connection

device

Communication

channelsConnection

device message

Receiving

device

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WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Communication networks are generallyimplemented with some type of remoteinformation transmission system that useselectromagnetic waves

Wireless communication may be via:

Radio frequency communication

Microwave communication Infrared short range communication

Wireless modem: It is a modulator-demodulatorwhich enables communication at fastest speeds,

typically in bits per second

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EARLY WIRELESS WORK

Since World War II, wireless network has beenproved to be a boon for globalization

Early inventors

Alexander Graham Bell,Gaglielmo Marconi and John Logie Baird

In 1878, David E Hughes induced electromagneticwaves

In 1885, Thomas Alva Edison used a vibratormagnet for induction transmission

In 1888, Edison gave system of signals

In 1891, Edison attained wireless patent

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WIRELESS NETWORKS

Collection of transmitters, receivers ortransceivers that communicate with each other isknown as wireless network.

Types:-

Digital networks

consists routers that route data

Analog networks consists switches establishing

connections

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GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

PCS Personal Communication Services

Wi-Fi Wireless FidelityGPRS General Packet Radio Service

AMPS- Advanced Mobile Phone System

D-AMPS-Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System

Canopy- Wide area broadband wireless solution

OTHERS:LAN Local Area Network

MAN

Metropolitan Area NetworkWAN Wide Area Network

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WIRELESS NETWORK

SECURITY

STEPS IN SECURING A WIRELESS NETWORK

Change default password, SSID, accessing devices

Disable print and file sharing

Access points should be arranged which minimizesignal leakage

Implement and overlay Wireless intrusion preventionsystem to monitor the wireless spectrum 24*7 against

active attacks

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WIRELESS TRANSMISSIONS

Electromagnetic Spectrum:

more data can be sent per second

e.g.,2.4 giga Hz i.e.2.4 billion cycles per

second

Spectrum span for wireless

communication:

9 kHz to 300 GHz

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Wireless Signal Extraction

Pulls or extracts data from a wireless carriers network,

after the data has been anonymised

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APPLICATIONS1. CORDLESS TELEPHONE

2. BLUETOOTH

3. Wi-Fi

4. BROADCASTING

5. SECURITY SYSTEMS

6. CELLULAR TELEPHONES

7. TELEVISION REMOTE CONTROLS

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CORDLESS TELEPHONES Communicates via radio waves with a base station

Recently frequency allocated is 1.9GHz band

Modern digital technology increases its tolerance

to noise and some even encrypt the digital signal formore security

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BLUETOOTH It is a radio standard and communications protocol

primarily designed for low power consumption, with

a short range

class Maximum permitted

power range

Approximate

Class 1 100 mw (20 dbm ) ~ 100 m

Class 2 2.5 mw ( 4 dbm) ~ 10 m

Class 3 mw (0 dbm) ~ 1 m

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DISADVANTAGES

Blue jacking

Blue bugging

May lead to disclosure of personal dataSecurity flaw makes it possible to crack conversations

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GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING

SYSTEM)

Enables GPS receiver to determine its location, speed

and direction.

GPS receiver calculates its position by measuring

distance between itself and three or more GPS satellites,using Trilateration.

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BROADCASTING

Term coined by early radio engineers

Broadcasting is distribution of audio, video signals

Narrowcasting: broadcasting to a very narrowrange of audience

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Distribution

MEANS

Airchain to transmitters

Antenna to tower or through communication satellites

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MethodsAudio broadcasting

Broadcast of audio signal

Can be done by AM, FM etc.

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Audio-Video broadcasting

Audio as well as video signals aretransmitted

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WiFi

WIRELESS FIEDELITY Analogous to traditional ethernet network

Enables faster connections

Better range Better security

More spatial capacity i.e. bits per second per

square metre

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CELLULAR PHONES

Use radiowaves to enable the operator to make phone

calls from many locations worldwide.

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/wiki/Image:Celulares.JPG

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

AND

HEALTH HAZARDS Radiation cause

Poor concentration

Memory loss Nausea

Premature senility

Cancer

Malignant tumour

Meningeoma

Thermal effects

Non thermal effects

Genotoxical effects

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FUTURE

Major role in development of technology

High speed data transfer

Data transfer over large area or distance

Eco friendly and non-hazardous ways have to be found

outHas to be made more secured