19/10/2015 17:30Trends in Optical Fiber SensorsTrends in Optical Fiber Sensors

Eagle Photonics Solutions

Philip B. Kassey Philip B. Kassey

philip.kassey@eaglephotonics.com

Head, R&D

Brief HistoryBrief HistoryThe first attempts at guiding light on the basis of total internal reflection in

a medium dates to1841 by Daniel Colladon. He attempted to couple light from an arc lamp

into a stream of water

The well-known scientists A.C.S. van Heel, Kapany and

H.H.Hopkins produced the first fiber optic endoscope on the basis of fiber

cladding in 1954.

In 1930 the medical studentHeinrich Lamm of Munich produced

the first image transmitting fiberbundle.

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What is Fiber ?What is Fiber ?

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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION ((TIRTIR))

Major Applications Of Fiber OpticsMajor Applications Of Fiber Optics

Fiber Optics in Medical- Endoscopy

Fiber Optics in Communication

Fiber Optics in Sensors

Typical Optical Fiber Measurement Typical Optical Fiber Measurement SystemSystem

Light source Focus lens

Sensing element

Photo-detector

How they workHow they work

Fiber optic sensors measure properties of their environment.

They can measure anything which changes the way light travels through the fiber, or alters the light’s properties.

What can they measure?What can they measure?

Temperature Pressure Strain Displacement Acceleration Flow rate Vibration Chemical concentrations Electrical and Magnetic Fields Rotation rate

Sensor TypesSensor TypesChemical Sensors Remote SpectroscopyTemperature Sensors Largest Commercially Available Sensors Range -40 Deg C To 1000 Deg CStrain Sensors Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) Technology Long Period Gratings (LPGs) Extrensic Fabry Perot Interferometric (EFPI)

Biomedical Sensors Spectroscopic Biomedical Sensors CO 2, O 2 and pH Can Be Measured Simultaneously

Electrical And Magnetic Sensors Appealing- Inherent Dielectric Nature Less Sensitive To Electromagnetic Interference

Rotation Sensor Based On The Sagnac Effect Two Types Ring Laser Gyroscope (Rlg) And Fiber

Optic Gyroscope (Fog)

Pressure Sensors Earlier Based On Piezoresistive Technique

Displacement And Position Sensors Simple Sensors Rely On The Change In

Retroreflectance Due To A Proximal Mirror Surface Also Referred As Liquid Level Sensors

Methods of MeasurementMethods of Measurement

Amplitude and Intensity-Based Sensors

Frequency and Wavelength-Varying Sensors

Polarization and Phase-Modulating Fiber-Optic

Sensing

IntensityIntensity--Based SensorsBased Sensors

Detect changes in light intensity, correlate change to change in pressure, or temperature, etc.

• These systems have a poor ability to screen noise, leading to lower precision, but are

simple and inexpensive systems.

FrequencyFrequency-- and Wavelengthand Wavelength--Varying Varying SensorsSensors

Light changes in frequency or wavelength to parameter of interest.

Low alteration of signal outside of sensing area. Wavelength measurement is very sensitive; not

strongly affected by light loss in connections, or source intensity fluctuations.

WavelengthWavelength--Varying SensorsVarying Sensors…… Fiber Bragg Grating: most common type. Characteristic reflected light wavelength

dependent on grating spacing. Stress applied to fiber changes spacing.

Polarization and PhasePolarization and Phase--Modulating FiberModulating Fiber--Optic SensingOptic Sensing

Polarization modulation sensors are the most complicated and delicate instruments.

Use Faraday Effect to measure magnetic fields, by measuring polarization rotation.

Polarization unintentionally altered by other processes: bending, stretching, and twisting causes problems.

Advantages of Fiber Sensors Advantages of Fiber Sensors Large Bandwidth

Efficient Transmission (Low Loss)

Immunity To EMI/ RFI

Security Of Information

Both Point And Distributed Sensing

Corrosive environments- silica fiber

Small Size And Lightweight

Flexibility

Resistant To Hostile Environments

Freedom From Cross-talks

No Sparking And Fire Hazards

Single Fiber Serves Both As Sensor And Data Comm..

Multiplexing & Spatially Distributed Sensing

High Performance16

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New Trend of Optical FibersNew Trend of Optical Fibersin Musical Instrumentsin Musical Instruments

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Optical Fiber GuitarOptical Fiber GuitarDeveloped at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada with the

supervision of Prof.Raman Kashyap

COMMERCIALISED APPLICATIONSCOMMERCIALISED APPLICATIONS

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Fencing FiberFencing Fiber--based Intrusion based Intrusion DetectionDetection

The FIDS System Provides:

Highly reliable and sensitive system Virtually 100% Detection Rate Negligible False Alarm rate Negligible Nuisance Alarms Highest Performance-to-Cost Ratio Alarm Activation only by Direct Assault Low sensitivity to climatic conditions Immunity from electrical interference Environmentally Esthetic Appearance Long-life Guarantee Uniform performance over long distances Completely safe Easy and fast to install

Fencing Based Intrusion Detection SystemFencing Based Intrusion Detection System

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Buried Multi-mode Fiber

Laser CCD Camera

Speckle Image

Buried Fiber Optic Buried Fiber Optic Intrusion Detection SystemIntrusion Detection System

BELOW GROUND SENSOR CABLES CAN BE LAID INSTEAD PERIMETER FENCES IF DETECTION IS THE PRIME OBJECTIVE

Speckle pattern is formed due to interference of various modes of propagating light rays in multimode optical fiber cable which shifts if the cable is perturbed. This shift in speckle pattern is analysed to detect intrusion

PRINCIPLE

LANDSLIDE MONITORING USING FIBER OPTICS SENSORSLANDSLIDE MONITORING USING FIBER OPTICS SENSORS

Detection of Initiation & Early Warning Fiber Optic Microbend Sensors Hydrogel Fiber Optic Cable

Remote Real Time Monitoring early stages of Landslides Photonic Techniques

of OTDR based sensing

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Micro bend based Landslide Monitoring & Micro bend based Landslide Monitoring & Early Warning System Near Haridwar Mansa Early Warning System Near Haridwar Mansa

DeviDevi

DigitalDataLink

RemoteMonitoringand Control

Principle of OTDRPrinciple of OTDR

Distance z = tV / 2 t : two-way propagation delay time

V : velocity of light in the fiber

Transmitted light

Incident light (Pulse)

scattering lightBack scattering

light

Laser

DetectorFiber core

z

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Strain DistributionStrain Distribution

Deformation

SandGravel

-0.20

0.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.6

43m 42m 41m 40m 39m 38m 37m 36m 35m 34m

Distance from instrument (m)

Stra

in (%

)

20mm40mm60mm80mm100mm120mm140mm160mm180mm200mm

Deformation

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FBG Sensors In Smart Skin FBG Sensors In Smart Skin ApplicationsApplications

FBG SENSOR

EMBEDDED FBG SENSORS IN AIRCRAFT

Optical Fiber Sensor Systems based on Optical Fiber Sensor Systems based on Fiber Bragg Gratings :Fiber Bragg Gratings :

The SOFO displacement center shown here monitoring crack development in the 17th century Gandria Church in

Switzerland.28

EU project SMITS(Smart Monitoring in Train Systems):

High speed train on the French National Railway instrumented with fiber optic contact force measurement (Paris, Vendome).

Sensors require no electrical power and are immune to electrical

interference andintrinsically safe

Multiple measurands (Strain, Temperature,Pressure) on a single

fiber are possible.

Optical Fiber Sensors in Power Optical Fiber Sensors in Power Plants, Oil and Gas Pipe LinesPlants, Oil and Gas Pipe Lines

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Fiber Optic Tail Rotor Control System for ALHs

EFPI SENSORS FOR HEALTH MONITORING OF PROPELLER BLADES OF AN ICEBREAKER

USCGS POLART STAR ICE BREAKER FIBER OPTIC EFPI STRAIN GAGE

Fire Detection and Warning System for Aircraft

µ controller Based Modular Configuration

SMA/Bimetal Sensor Fast Response Low Hysterisis

Rugged & Compact Precise Hazardous Zone Isolation

Actuation Temp. 3000c

Features

Various Other ApplicationsVarious Other Applications

On Chain Fences

On Walls Securing pictures in galleries

Surveillance of areasOn Palisade Fences

Boarder Security

Future Fiber to Home, all controlled by Fiber Optics

Optical CommunicationsOptical Communications

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE

36Questions?

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