1026201131754_1PPTNamingCompoundsHonors

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Naming Compounds and

Writing Formulas



Key Question:

Why Do Atoms Combine I n Certain Ratios?



Review of Oxidation Numbers



Chemical Compound Quiz

Sodium chloride is a flavorful addition to many

foods. What is the common name?

Salt



Review of Oxidation Numbers

All compounds have an electrical charge of zero

(they are neutral).An oxidation number indicates the charge on the

atom (or ion) when electrons are lost, gained, or shared in chemical bonds.



Oxidation Numbers

A sodium atom always ionizesto become Na+ (a charge of

+1) when it combines withother atoms to make acompound.

Therefore, we say that sodium

has an oxidation number of 1+

.

What is chlorine’s oxidation number?



HHe

Li Be B C N

O F NeNa Mg Al Si PThe Number Of Electrons In The

Outside Energy Level.



You Might Be a Redneck if…

You take your dog for a walk and

both use the same tree.

You burn your yard rather than mow

it.



Ionic Bonds

On the periodic table, strong electron donors are on the

left side (alkali metals).

Strong electron acceptors are on the right side(halogens).

The further apart two elements are on the periodic table,

the more likely they are to form an ionic compound.



Covalent Bonds

Covalent compounds form when elements have roughly

equal tendencies to accept electrons.

Elements that are both nonmetals and therefore closetogether on the periodic table tend to form covalent

compounds.



Oxidation Numbers, Lewis Structures And

Chemical Formulas

Remember, the oxidation numbers for all the atoms in a

compound must add up to zero.



Multiple Oxidation Numbers

Some periodic tables list

multiple oxidation numbersfor most elements.

This is because more

complex bonding is possible.




Writing Formulas



Naming Binary Ionic Compounds:

At the conclusion of our time together, youshould be able to:

1. Name a binary ionic compound with a metalthat has one oxidation number using

standard naming procedures

2. Name a binary ionic compound with a metal

that has multiple oxidation numbers usingthe Roman system

3. Write the formula of a binary ionic compound

if given the name



6 Types Of Chemical Compounds

•Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion

•Binary molecular - two nonmetals

•Ternary ionic - at least one ion is apolyatomic ion

•Binary acid - H – nonmetal

•

Ternary acid - H–

Polyatomic ion•Base - metal ion – OH



Naming Compounds with Ionic Bonds



Tips To Keep In Mind When Naming And WritingFormulas:

•Always keep your Periodic Table handy – You shouldhave it in front of you ALWAYS when you are naming andwriting formulas.

•Remember that metals (except Hydrogen) are found to theleft of the stairstep on the Periodic Table.

•Nonmetals are found on the right side of the stairstep of

the Periodic Table.•Metalloids are the 6 elements on or below the stairstepexcept Al, Po and At. For naming purposes they will tendto behave like nonmetals.



Naming Binary Compounds

A binary ionic compound is held together by ionic

bonds. Binary molecular compounds consist of covalently

bonded atoms.

Each type of compound has its own naming rules.



How Do You Name Binary Ionic Compounds?

(Composed Of Two Elements – A Metal And ANonmetal)

• Name the first ion

•From groups 1, 2, 3, 13, zinc, cadmium, or silver.(You must use a Roman Numeral with the name for

the other metals – we’ll discuss this later.) • Name the second ion changing the suffix to – ide.



Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

MgBr 2 is magnesium (nameof first element) + brom (root

name of second element) +

ide suffix = magnesium

bromide



Examples

NaCl

Name the metal ionSodium

Name the nonmetal ion,

changing the suffix to – ide .

Chloride

CaO

Calcium Oxide

Al2S3

Aluminum Sulfide

MgI2

Magnesium Iodide



Redneck Hotel!



Examples

BaNa2 You should recognize a problem with this

one

This is two metals – not a binary ionic

compoundThe name of this is Banana (haha!!)

What is the name of this

compound:

HIJKLMNO?

WATER – “H” to “O”

You have to admit – that was

funny!



Exit Quiz

LiCl

Name the metal ionLithium

Name the nonmetal ion, changing

the suffix to – ide.

Chloride

CaSe

Calcium Selenide

Ga2S3

Gallium Sulfide

MgF2

Magnesium Fluoride



What About The Transition Metals And Using Roman

Numerals? How Does That Work?

Let’s See.

FeO Notice – metal and nonmetal.

Name the first ion. Since the first ion is a transition

element , you must use a Roman Numeral to

represent the charge.How do you know the charge?

Deductive reasoning.

•All compounds are neutral.

•Oxygen has a -2 charge (group 16)

•Therefore, iron must have a +2 charge since there

is one iron and one oxygen. Iron gets a Roman

Numeral (II).

Iron (II)Oxide

Isn’t this easy

and FUN!!!



Cu2S Name the first ion. Since it is a transition metal, you

must use a Roman Numeral.

Which Roman Numeral? The Roman Numeral is the

same as the charge of the ion.

How do you find the charge?

Deductive reasoning!

•All compounds are neutral

•Sulfur has a -2 charge (group 16)

•There are two coppers

•Therefore each copper must have a +1 charge for the

compound to be neutral

Copper (I)

Sulfide



MnO2 Name the first ion. Since it is a transition metal,

you must use a Roman Numeral.How do you determine the Roman Numeral?

It is the same as the charge.

What is the charge of Mn?

•Oxygen (group 16) has a -2 charge and a totalof -4 charge.

•There are two oxygens with one manganese.

•Therefore Mn must have a +4 charge for thiscompound to be neutral.

Manganese (IV)

oxide



Things You Can Learn

From Your Dog!!

• When it is hot outside, drink lots of water.

• Take naps.



Cu2O and CuO ____

Copper (II) oxide

Copper is +2

_____

Copper (I ) oxide

Copper is +1

So Why Must We Use Roman Numerals With

Transition Elements?

•The metals in groups 1, 2, 3, and 13 have single, definite charges.

•Group 1 metals have a +1 charge.

•Group 2 metals have a +2 charge.

•Groups 3 and 13 metals have a +3 charge.

•Transition metals may have multiple charges – usually two different positive charges.

For example, there are two copper oxide compounds:

We can’t just say Copper oxide . Which one of

these is Copper oxide ? We must distinguish these

by using a Roman Numeral



And Remember, There Are Three Transition Elements

Which Do Not Require A Roman Numeral Because They Have Single Definite Charges. These Are:

Zinc – Zn2+ Cadmium – Cd2+ Silver – Ag+

You need to remember the charges for these.

Ag2O Name the first ion.

Silver Name the second ion changing the

suffix to – ide.oxide

ZnCl2 Name the first ion.

Name the second ion changing the

suffix to –

ide.

Zinc chloride

No Roman Numerals needed

for these.



How Do You Write Formulas For Binary I onic Compounds

Given The Name?Two Simple Steps:

1. Write the symbol and charge of each ion

2. Balance the charges by providing subscripts

Magnesium

chloride Write the symbol and charge of each ion

Mg2+

Cl-

Balance the charges by supplyingsubscripts. Subscripts tell how many of

each atom is present.You need a second Cl-1 to balance the

charges

Cl-

MgCl2



Iron (III) bromide

Write the symbol and charge of each ion.

The charge of the iron is provided by the

Roman Numeral.

Fe3+ Br -

Balance the charges by supplying

subscripts. The subscripts tell how many

of each ion is needed to balance the

compound.

You’ll need three bromine ions to balance

the one iron.

Br -

Br -

FeBr 3



Aluminum Sulfide Write the symbol and charge of each ion.

Al3+ S2- Balance the charges by supplying subscripts.

In this case the charges do not evenly divide

into each other. You must find the leastcommon multiple. SIX

How many aluminums are needed to arrive at

a +6 charge?

How many sulfurs are needed to arrive at a -6

charge?

2

3

Al3+S2-

S

2-

Al2S3



Jobs you get with a Chemistry Major



Writing Formulas a Little Quicker

Iron and oxygen combine to form a compound. Iron (Fe)has an oxidation number of 3+. Oxygen (O) has anoxidation number of 2 – .

Predict the chemical formula of this compound.



Fe

3+

O

2-

32

Writing Formulas a Little Quicker

Simply cross the oxidation numbers

and make them positive



Mn4+

P3-

43

Let’s Try Another One:

Manganese (IV) phosphide



Mn4+

O2-

42

Let’s Try One More:

Manganese (IV) oxide

MnO2

Cross but in

this case they

must be

dropped!



Naming Binary Ionic Compounds:

Let’s see if you can:


that has one oxidation number using

standard naming procedures


that has multiple oxidation numbers usingthe Roman system

3. Write the formula of a binary ionic compound

if given the name



Exit Quiz – Formula for magnesium chloride?

MgCl2

2+ 1-



Exit Quiz – Formula for sodium oxide?

Na2O

1+ 2-



Exit Quiz – Name for:

Fe2O3

3+ 2-

Iron (III) oxide

6-6+



Exit Quiz: Formula for Chromium (IV) oxide

CrO2

4+ 2-

2 4Cr O



Murphy's Laws

of Science and Technology

Logic is a systematic method of coming to the wrong

conclusion with confidence.




Writing Formulas II



6 Types Of Chemical Compounds

•Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion

•Binary molecular - two nonmetals

•

Ternary ionic - at least one ion is apolyatomic ion

•Binary acid - H – nonmetal

•Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion

•Base - metal ion – OH



Naming Binary Molecular and Ternary

Ionic Compounds:At the conclusion of our time together, you

should be able to:

1. Name a binary molecular compound

2. Name a ternary ionic compound with a metal

that has one and multiple oxidation

numbers using the appropriate system

3. Write the formula of a binary molecular andternary ionic compound if given the name



The Second Category of Compounds –

Binary Molecular What are Binary Molecular Compounds?

These compounds contain two elements (binary).

•The term “molecular” indicates that these elements are

joined by a covalent bond.

•They must therefore be nonmetals.

•Bottom line – 2 elements – both nonmetals

•To name and write formulas for these, you must know

some numerical prefixes.



Naming – You Must Use Prefixes.

1 = mono 3 = tri 5 = penta 7 = hepta 9 = nona

2 = di 4 = tetra 6 = hexa 8 = octa 10 = deca

Steps

1. The first nonmetal only gets a numeric prefix when there

is more than one . No prefix if there is only one.

2. The second element always gets a numeric prefix andalways has a suffix of -ide



Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

As with binary ionic compounds, the ending of the name of

the second element in the compound is modified by addingthe suffix – ide.



Familiar Saying

Socially orientated individuals tend to congregate ingregariously homogenous groupings.

Birds of a feather flock together!!



CO2

Carbon dioxide

CO

Carbon monoxide

N2O4

Dinitrogen tetroxide

H2O

Dihydrogen monoxide

CCl4

Carbon tetrachloride

Name the first element. Since there is

only one, no prefix is needed.

The second element always gets a prefix

and a suffix of – ide.

Name the first element. Since

there are two present, the prefix

“di” is needed. The second

element always gets a prefix anda suffix of – ide.



AlCl3

What do you think about this one???

Be careful. This is a metal and nonmetal.

Always keep your Periodic Table in front of you for reference.

You may have been tempted to say“aluminum trichloride”. This isINCORRECT!

This is a binary IONIC compound. Noprefixes are used. Simply name italuminum chloride.



Given The Names Of Binary Molecular

Compounds, How Do You Write The Formulas?

Very easily done!!! The prefixes tell you how to write

the formulas. DO NOT CONSIDER CHARGES.NONMETALS ARE ALL NEGATIVE SO TO USE

CHARGES DOES NOT WORK!



Silicon dioxide

Diphosphorous pentachloride

Silicon and oxygen are both nonmetals.

The lack of a prefix on silicon means

that there is only ONE silicon.

The prefix “di” in front of oxide means

that there are TWO oxygens.

SiO2

Phosphorous and chloride are both

nonmetals.

The prefix “di” means that there are TWO

phosphorouses (Is that a word?)

The prefix “penta” before chlorine means

that there are five chlorines.

P2Cl5



NO

Nitrogen monoxide

Nitrogen and oxygen are both

nonmetals.

The lack of a prefix on nitrogen

means only ONE nitrogen.

The prefix “mono” on oxygen

indicates ONE oxygen.

Is this not sooooooo easy!??



A Flow Chart For Naming Binary Compounds



Redneck Innovations

Mr. T

My Students



Third Category Of Compounds –

Ternary Ionic Compounds.

These Compounds Contain At Least One

Polyatomic Ion.

What is a polyatomic ion?

Let’s look at the name to try to understand.

•It is an ion – that means it has a charge.

•It is polyatomic – that means it is made of more than one

atom.

Let’s look at some examples of polyatomic ions.



CO32- carbonate

This ion is composed of one carbon

and three oxygens and the entire group

has a charge of -2.

Polyatomic ion – Group of atoms that act as a unit and

carry a charge.

You have been given a list of other polyatomic ions

You need to learn these!!!



How Do You Recognize Ternary Ionic Compounds?

Composed of two ions in which at least one is a

polyatomic ion.

There is only one positive polyatomic ion (NH4+1)

Three possible types of Ternary Ionic Compounds:

• Ammonium + negative ion (nonmetal)

•Metal (positive ion) + negative polyatomic ion

• Ammonium + negative polyatomic ion

Polyatomic Ion



Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions as

Cations

NH4Cl is ammonium (the

name of the ion from chart) +

chlor (root name of the

second element) + ide suffix

= ammonium chloride.




Anions

1. Name the first ion.

2. Name the second ion. Isn’t that simple??!!

Examples:

Na2CO3When you look at this compound you shouldrecognize that this is NOT binary. There are

THREE elements present. When you see this,

immediately look for a polyatomic ion.

Carbonate is present here.

Name the first ion.

Sodium

Name the second ion.

carbonate

Notice that you do NOT

change the suffix – just

name the polyatomic

ion



Fe(OH)3 Name the first ion.

Iron Remember that iron requires a Roman

Numeral since it is a transition element.

What Roman Numeral should be used?

The Roman Numeral comes from thecharge of the ion. How do you find thecharge of the iron?

You know two things:

•All compounds are neutral.

•You know the charge of OH (-1)

Since there

are 3 OH

groups, eachwith a -1

charge, the

charge of the

iron must be

+3 for the

compound to

be neutral

(III)

Name the polyatomic ion.

hydroxide



NH4Cl Name the first ion.

Ammonium Name the second ion.chloride

Notice that since the second ion is a nonmetal that, like

binary ionic compounds, the suffix of the nonmetal

changes to – ide.

Looks like a monster, but it’s really a pussycat.



( NH4)3PO4 Name the first ion.

Name the second ion.Ammonium phosphate


Cations and Anions



Cu2SO4 Name the first ion.

Copper You should realize that you

need a Roman Numeral since

copper is a transition metal.

The Roman Numeral is the sameas the charge.

What is the charge?

The charge of sulfate is -2.

Since there are two coppers, the

charge of the copper must be +1.

(I) sulfate

Name the second ion.



Euphemisms in ScienceWe all know that some politicians and government spokesmen

use certain euphemistic phrases to give an aura of respectability

to descriptions of events or actions which would be offensive

when expressed in plain English. The following is a list of

Euphemisms in Science and their translations into plain English.

“It has long been known...”

I haven't bothered to look up any references!



How Do You Write Formulas For Ternary Ionic

Compounds?

Very Much Like Writing Formulas For Binary Ionic

Compounds.

Three Steps:

1. Write the formulas/symbols of each ion.

2. Balance the charges by supplying subscripts.

3. If a subscript is needed for a polyatomic ion, it must be put in parentheses with the subscript on the outside.

Let’s do some!!



Aluminum nitrate First, you can tell from the name

that there is a polyatomic ion

present (nitrate). All binary ioniccompounds have suffixes of – ide.

Write the formula/symbol and charge of each ion.

Al3+ NO3-

Balance the charges by supplying subscripts.

Since Al is +3 and NO3 is -1, you need a total of 3NO3-

to balance one Al3+

Since you will need a subscript of 3 for NO3-, you need

to put this in parentheses with the 3 outside.

Al(NO3)3



Lead (IV) acetate Write the formula/symbol and charge of

each ion.Pb4+ C

2

H3

O2

-


subscripts. Since Pb is +4 and C2H3O2 is -

1, you will need 4 C2H3O2-1 to balance

1Pb+4

Pb(C2H3O2)4

Calcium phosphateWrite the formula/symbol and charge of

each ion.


subscripts. Since Ca is +2 and PO4 is -3,

you will need 3 Ca+2 to balance 2 PO4-3

Ca2+ PO43-

Ca3(PO4)2



Strategy For Naming Ternary IonicCompounds.



What Do You Call A Detective Crossed With

A Inner Transition Metal?

Sherlock Holmium



Naming Binary Molecular and Ternary

Ionic Compounds:Let’s see if you can:

1. Name a binary molecular compound

2. Name a ternary ionic compound with a metal

that has one and multiple oxidation

numbers using the appropriate system

3. Write the formula of a binary molecular andternary ionic compound if given the name



CO2

Carbon dioxide

SOSulfur monoxide

N2O5

Dinitrogen pentoxide

CF4

Carbon tetrafluoride

SO3

Sulfur trioxide

COCarbon monoxide

B2O3

Diboron trioxide

NF5

Nitrogen pentafluoride

Exit Quiz



Exit Quiz

Al3+ combines with sulfate (SO4)2 – to make aluminumsulfate.

Write the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate.



Al

3+

(SO4)

2-

32

Exit Quiz Answer



Mn4+

(PO4)

3-

43

Let’s Try Another One:

Manganese (IV) phosphate



Mn4+

(CO3)2-

42

Let’s Try One More:

Manganese (IV) carbonate

Mn(CO3)2

F ili i



Familiar Saying

It is fruitless to attempt to indoctrinate a superannuatedcanine with innovative maneuvers.

You can’t teach an old dog new tricks!

1026201131754_1PPTNamingCompoundsHonors

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