02_ENV
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Dr. Serdar KALE IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02 1 The Environment of Organization International and Global Environment The general Environment Cultural sector Historical background, ideologies values and norms of society Social sector Class structure, mobility patterns, life styles and demographics Legal sector Constitutional considerations, nature of legal system, specific laws Political sector General political climate Economic sector General economic framework, private vs. public ownership, banking system Technological sector The level of scientific and technological advancement in society Physical sector The nature, quantity and quality of natural resources, climate
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ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET
Transcript of 02_ENV
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
1
The Environment of Organization
International and Global Environment
The general Environment
Cultural sector Historical background, ideologies values and norms of society
Social sector Class structure, mobility patterns, life styles and demographics
Legal sector Constitutional considerations, nature of legal system, specific laws
Political sector General political climate
Economic sector General economic framework, private vs. public ownership, banking system
Technological sector The level of scientific and technological advancement in society
Physical sector The nature, quantity and quality of natural resources, climate
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
2
Interorganizational Network (Task Environment)
Unions Suppliers Special interest groups Competitors Partners Customers Regulatory agencies
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
3
Theories of organization – environment relations Contingency Theory (Burns and Stalker, 1961; Lawrence & Lorsch, 1967)
Mechanistic vs. Organic Organizations Differentiation vs. Integration
Resource Dependence Theory (Pfeffer & Salacik, 1978)
Power and dependence relationships Inputs (capital, raw material, labor, customers, knowledge and equipment) Criticality Scarcity Buffer Boundary spanning
Population Ecology (Hannan and Freeman, 1974)
Darwin’s survival of the fittest principle Generalist vs. Specialist Variation – the birth of an organization Selection – environment selects organizations on basis of fitness Retention – survival of an organization
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
4
Institutional Theory (Selznick, 1957; Meyer and Rowan, 1977; DiMaggio and Powell, 1983)
Institutionalization – ‘the process by which actions are repeated and given similar
by self and others ‘ Rationalized myths Isomorphism Coercive institutional pressures - Legal Political Influences Normative institutional pressures - Cultural Influences Mimetic institutional pressures - Social Influences
Social Legitimacy
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
5
ECONOMY D
ECONOMY C
ECONOMY F
ECONOMY B
ECONOMY A
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
6
ECONOMY A
GENERAL ENVIRONMENT
NETWORK
ORG
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
7
ORG
NETWORK
CULTURAL
FACTORS POLITICAL FACTORS
SOCIAL FACTORS
ECONOMIC FACTORS
LEGAL
FACTORS
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
PHYSICAL FACTORS
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
8
A
B
E
ORG
D
F
C
INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
9
OUTPUTS
TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
INPUTS
FEEDBACK / CONTROL
Dr. Serdar KALE
IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMET 02
10
KEY CONCEPTS OF SYSTEMS THEORY
Sub systems or components Holism, synergism, organicism and gestalt Open systems vs. closed systems Input - Transformation - Output Model System boundaries Steady state, dynamic equilibrium and homeostasis Feedback Hierarchy Internal elaboration Multiple goal seeking Equifinality of open systems
