Chapter 6: Skeletal System

Support Storage (in particular Calcium) Blood cell production in red marrow Protection Leverage

Functions

Bones: AKA Osseous Tissue Long Bone Longer than wide Ex: Limb Bones

Shapes of Bones

Figure 6.1a

Short Bone Length = width Ex: Wrist/Ankle

Shapes cont…

Figure 6.1b

Flat bones Thin and broad Ex: Skull, Ribs

Shapes cont…

Figure 6.1c

Irregular bone Complex shapes Ex: Vertebrae

Shapes cont…

Figure 6.1d

Diaphysis—central shaft of long bone Contains bone marrow Epiphysis—ends of long bone Covered with cartilage Forms joints with other bones

Parts to the long bone

Figure 6.2

Compact bone—solid Forms diaphysis Spongy bone—has many spaces Forms epiphysis Periosteum—outer covering of the bone Endosteum—lines the inside of the bone

Types of Long Bones

Figure 6.2

Osteon—basic unit of compact bone Central canal—contains blood vessels Perforating canal—passageways between

central canal and rest of bone

Microscopic Parts of Bone

Figure 6.3

Osteocytes—mature bone cells Maintain bone structure Assist in repairs Osteoclasts—giant cells Release enzymes to dissolve bone Regulates calcium in body Osteoblasts—produce new bone

Cells in Bone