U P V C W I N D O W & D O O R

M A N U F A C T U R E R S A S S O C I A T I O N

“All That’s White Is Not A RIGHT uPVC Window “

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PVC Tio2 Stabilizer

PVC75-80%

PVC

Tio2

Stabilizer (CaZn)

Impact Modifier

Processing Aid

Filler

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PVC : Suspension Grade PVC resin with good mechanical properties is used for uPVC profile Extrusion.

TiO₂ : Dosed to enhance UV stability for the product to have durability over years of usage, it also

imparts natural white color.

STABILIZER (CaZn) : Required to prevent degradation of base material during processing since

PVC is heat sensitive.

IM – ACRYLIC BASED IMPACT MODIFIER : Used to retain impact strength since typically

polymers tend to become brittle once subjected to low temperature or exposed to UV radiation

PROCESSING AID : Enhances the melt strength during fusion stage of extrusion

FILLER : Usage of filler has effect on mechanical properties, shrinkage and cost.

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Material is added in a special

sequence to the blender

Calibrated scales are used to

weigh each ingredient

The MIX is then cooled in a

cooler

1 2 3 4 5 6

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The MOLTEN MIX is pushed through dies of the desired cross-section at an appropriate

temperature and the desired profile are formed on cooling down .

MIXEXTRUDED

PROFILE

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• Design of the profile is very important as it is the

foundation of the effectiveness of windows and doors

• Different profile design for different style of window

and door

• State of the art machineries are the basis of efficient

profile extrusion

• Technological advance machineries ensure high

output and excellent product quality

EXTRUDER

CALIBRATION &

COOLING UNIT DIE

UWDMA is working closely with BIS (Bureau Of Indian Standards ) and the PROFILE STANDARDS

are under final stages……

`Mass (EN 12608)

DEFINITION : Mass is the quantitative measurement of weight(gm) per meter length of Upvc

Profiles.

MASS = WEIGHT (GM)

PER METER LENGTH

RESULT : Shall not be < 95 % of the nominal mass per m length.

COLOUR TEST (ISO 7724-3)`

DEFINITION : Colour test is the measurement of uPVC Profile colour values (L *, a*, b*)by using Spectrophotometer.

RESULT : Profiles colour range : L* ≥ 82,

-2.5 ≤ a* ≤5

-5≤ b* ≤15

` APPEARANCE (EN ISO 105-A:1995)

The color of the profiles shall be the same and uniform when viewed by normal vision or corrected vision at a

range of 1m and 45° north sky light viewing perpendicular to the surface in accordance with an equivalent

artificial source of light.

The surfaces of the profiles shall be :

• SMOOTH

• FLAT

• FREE FROM PITTING

• FREE FROM IMPURITIES

• FREE FROM CAVITIES

• FREE FROM ANY OTHER SURFACE DEFECT

The edges of the profiles shall be clean and burr-free.

` DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY (EN 12608)

DEFINITION : It is the measurement of uPVC Profiles nominal shape, Wall thickness, Profile face flatness and

straightness by using Profile Projector/Scanner.

External Dimension (mm) Tolerance (mm)

Depth (D)≤80 ±0.3

Depth (D) ˃80 ±0.5

Overall width(W) ±0.5

` STRAIGHTNESS TEST (EN 12608)

DEFINITION : Measurement of straightness of uPVC Profiles using Surface table.

RESULT: Deviation of straightness shall not be ˃ 1 mm/Mtr

` Impact Resistance by falling Mass (BS EN 477:1999)

DEFINITION : uPVC Profile to withstand impact resistance by falling 1 KG mass @ 1 and 1.5 meter height

at -10°C .

Classification of Impact Resistance

Falling Class I Class II

Mass (gm) 1000 1000

Height (mm) 1000 1500

` HEAT REVERSION TEST (EN 12608) (BS EN 479:1999)

DEFINITION : Heat reversion is the behaviour of uPVC Profile to withstand the expansion or contraction at

elevated temperature(100OC at 60 minutes in hot air oven).

RESULT: The value shall not be >2% in the largest opposing sight surfaces.

Heat reversion difference shall not be > 0.4% of two visual surfaces.

CONSEQUENCES :Window warpage issue .

` HEAT AGEING TEST (EN 12608) (BS EN 479:1999)

DEFINITION : Heat Ageing is the behaviour of uPVC Profile specimen to

withstand against the surface crack, surface peel off and blisters when simulated

at elevated temperature (150OC at 30 minutes in hot air oven).

CONSEQUENCE: Cracks and rupture on the Window Profile surface due to

entrapped gases.

` ARTIFICIAL WEATHERING TEST (DIN EN 513)

DEFINITION : Simulation of uPVC Profile against extreme tropical weather conditions. & measure of . ΔE value

through simulation of severe climatic zone ‘s’ at 8000 hours @16 Gj/m² of irradiation.

CHARPY IMPACT TEST: Reduction of charpy impact strength (Notched) shall not be 40% between unexposed and

exposed weathering samples.

Classification of Climatic Zone:

EnergyModerate Climate

(M)

Severe Climate

(S)Annual total solar energy* on horizontal surface ˂ 5 GJ/m2

˂ 22OC

≥ 5 GJ/m2

≥ 22OC

Average of the daily maximum temperature* of the warmest month per year

` SOLAR IRRADIATION ACROSS GLOBE

Moderate Climate – M Zone

Severe Climate – S Zone

` ANNUAL SOLAR IRRADIATION & DESIRED ACCELERATED WEATHERING TEST

Annual Solar

Irradiation

8 GJ/M²

Radiant Exposure

(GJ/m2 )

Exposure Time

(Hours)

wave length range

16 8,000 300 to 800 nm

Δ E shall not be > 5

Δ b not be > 3

` CHARPY IMPACT STRENGTH (EN ISO 179)

DEFINITION : Charpy V-notch test, is a standardized high strain-rate

test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by uPVC during fracture.

DUCTILE FRACTURE: Type of Fracture characterized by extensive

deformation of plastic .

BRITTLE FRACTURE : Type of Fracture characterized by rapid crack

propagation with low energy release and without significant plastic

deformation

` VICAT SOFTENING TEMPERATURE (EN ISO 306)

DEFINITION : The temperature at which the uPVC test specimen allows

maximum penetration of needle up to 1mm, while it is heated up in an oil bath with

simultaneous application of load (10N-50N) on the needle.

CONSEQUENCE: Lower VST indicates poor formulation strength and

deteriorate on early stages. Windows may deteriorate even at lower

temperature.

` TENSILE IMPACT STRENGTH (EN ISO 8256)

DEFINITION : The method of investigating the behaviour of the

brittleness and toughness of uPVC specimen under specified impact

velocities.

CONSEQUENCE: Poor mechanical strength is more vulnerable for impact

loads on Windows.

` FLEXURAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (EN ISO 178)

DEFINITION : Flexural modulus is the tendency of uPVC specimen to bend i.e.

Quantification of stress to strain ratio in Flexural deformation.

CONSEQUENCE: Poor Elasticity results into more brittleness and

vulnerability.

` WELDABILITY TEST (EN 514)

DEFINITION : The measure of the molecular bonding strength of fusion welding

i.e. The minimum failure load of welded corners.

RESULT :

Tensile Weld Strength Test:

Failure stress shall not be˂25 N/mm² (Mean value)

Failure stress shall not be˂20 N/mm² (Individual value)

Compression Weld Strength Test:

Failure stress shall not be˂35 N/mm² (Mean value)

Failure stress shall not be˂30 N/mm² (Individual value)

CONSEQUENCE: Low weld strength leads to weld cracks and panel cracks during

transit and installation of Windows.

` LAMINATION TECHNOLOGY

Lamination is a process of wrapping a high weather resistance foil on the uPVC profile by

using highly efficient and weather resistance adhesive through a foiling/ lamination

machine.

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