Bird’s Eyeview of the Living World

The Six Kingdom of Classifiction

The History of Classification

• In the 1700’s, Linnaeus separated all life into 2 Kingdoms: Plants and Animals.

• More kingdoms added as knowledge of the diversity of organisms increased.

• We currently have 6 Kingdoms. • Remember: Kingdoms are the broadest taxon:

KPCOFGS

Six Kingdoms in Taxonomy

organized according to type of cells, ability to make food, number of cells in body

1. Archaebacteria2. Eubacteria3. Protists4. Fungi5. Plants6. Animals

Terminology

Getting foodautotrophs – make own foodhetertrophs – get food from other sources

Type of cellsprokaryotic – no nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA is circular (plasmid), do contain ribosomes, smallereukaryotic – with a nucleus and organelles, DNA in chromosomes, larger

Terminology Continued

Body typeunicellular – made of only one cellmulticellular – made of more than one cell;

-have cells with special functions Reproduction

sexual – need male and female parentsasexual – need only one parent

Kingdom Archaebacteria

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Cell Type Prokaryote

Number of Cells Unicellular

Nutrition Autotroph or Heterotroph

Location Extreme Environments Volcanoes, Deep Sea Vents, Yellowstone Hot Springs

Examples Methanogens Thermophiles

-”ancient bacteria”-existed before dinosaurs

Extreme Environments

Kingdom Eubacteria

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E. coli

Streptococcus

Cell Type Prokaryote

Number of Cells Unicellular

Nutrition Autotroph or Heterotroph

Examples Streptococcus, Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Chemical makeup is different from that of archaebacteria.

A Typical Bacteria Cell

Kingdom Protista

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Paramecium

Green algae

Amoeba

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Most Unicellular, some multicellular

Nutrition Autotroph or Heterotroph

Examples Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena,

-“odds and ends” kingdom because its organisms are pretty different from one another

Protozoa

A Typical Protist

Kingdom Fungi

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Mildew on Leaf

Mushroom

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Most multicelluar, some unicelluar

Nutrition Heterotroph

Example Mushroom, yeast, mildew, mold

Most Fungi are DECOMPOSERS

FUNGI

FUNGI includes:Unicellular Yeast

A Typical Fungal Cell

Fungal Cells HAVE CELL WALLS !!!!

Kingdom Plantae

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Ferns : seedless vascular

Sunflowers: seeds in flowers

Douglas fir: seeds in cones

Mosses growing on trees

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Multicellular

Nutrition Autotroph

Examples Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

Typical Plant Cell

Kingdom Animalia

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Sage grouse

Poison dart frog

Bumble bee

Sponge

Jellyfish

Hydra

Cell Type Eukaryote

Number of Cells Multicellular

Nutrition Heterotroph

Examples Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals

Typical Animal Cell

The Six Kingdoms Review

• Eubacteria- “true” bacteria (prokaryotic)• Archaebacteria – “ancient” bacteria (prokaryotic”• Protista – WEIRD organisms!!!! (eukaryotic)• Fungi – digest dead or decaying matter (eukaryotic)• Plantae - stationary, photosynthetic (eukaryotic)• Animalia – mobile heterotrophs (eukaryotic)