Classifying Living Things

The Six Kingdoms

Let us name the six kingdoms:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

The Six Kingdoms

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

What six characteristics do all of these organisms have in common?

They all have DNA.

They are all made of cells.

They all reproduce.

They all grow and develop

They all use energy.

They all sense and respond to change.

The Six Kingdoms

If all living things have certain characteristics in common, how do they differ?

Archaebacteria

Cellular Structure:

Reproduction:

- Single cell- Cell has no nucleus = Prokaryote

- Some have a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, but not all

-Most reproduce by cell division known as binary fission- the division of a cell into 2 equal halves (asexual).

Environment--Most Archaebacteria live in one of three places, swamps, extremely salty environments or extremely hot environments.Decompose wasteDecompose wasteProduce nitrogen Produce nitrogen

Energy-Archaebacteria get energy by consuming other organisms or by producing their own food through photosynthesis.

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EubacteriaCellular Structure:

Reproduction:

- Single cell

- Cell has no nucleus = Prokaryote

- Most have a cell membrane and a rigid cell wall, which determines the shape of the bacterium.

- Most are shaped like a rod (bacilli), sphere (cocci) or spiral (spirilla)

- Most reproduce by cell division known as binary fission (asexual)

Environmental Role:

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EubacteriaEnergy:

-Eubacteria get energy by consuming other organisms or by producing their own food through photosynthesis.

- Some Eubacteria process nitrogen so plants can use it.

- Decomposers help to break down dead or decaying organisms.

- Escherichia coli in your intestines aid in digestion and provide you with Vitamin K and Vitamin B-complex.

ProtistaCellular Structure:

- Some are single celled and some are multi-celled

- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote

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Reproduction:- Some protists reproduce asexually through binary fission. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.

- Some protists reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction involves two parents.

Conjugation in a Paramecium

Fission in Euglena

Energy:

- Protists are classified by how they obtain energy

- Protists that obtain energy through decomposition are fungus-like protists.

- Protists that obtain energy by consuming other organisms are animal-like protists.

- Protists that obtain energy by converting the sun’s energy into sugar through photosynthesis are plant-like protists (producers).

Protista

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Environmental RoleEnvironmental RoleProduce oxygenProduce oxygenEnergy source in both land and ocean food chainsEnergy source in both land and ocean food chains

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FungiCellular Structure:

Reproduction:

-Most fungi are multi-celled

-Yeast are single celled

- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote

- Some fungi can reproduce asexually while other fungi reproduce sexually

Energy:

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Fungi

- All fungi are consumers.

- Most fungi are decomposers.

- Some fungi live in a symbiotic relationship with other organisms. For example, lichen is a combination of a fungus and an algae living together.

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Environmental RoleDecompose wasteProduce antibioticsHelp make bread ( yeast)Used in fermentation process

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Plants

Cellular Structure:- Plants are multi-cellular.

- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote

- Cell has a cell wall. This helps give plants strength.

Reproduction:

- Many plants have chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and give them a green color.

- At some point in their life, plants produce sexually.

Energy:- Plants produce their own food from the sun’s energy through the process of photosynthesis.

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Plants

Environmental Role:-Plants take in CO2 from the atmosphere

and release O2 into the air. Other organisms

need O2 for cellular respiration.

-Important part of the food chain

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AnimalsCellular Structure:

Reproduction:

- Animals are multi-cellular.

- Cell has a nucleus = Eukaryote

- Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

- Animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane only.

- Animals usually reproduce through sexual reproduction.

- Animals develop in an embryo.

Energy:- All animals are consumers

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Animals

- All animals move during some portion of their life. Most animals have the ability to move during their entire life.

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Environmental Role• All animals are consumers• Most of the known species are insects