Argument

The

Greeks

Rhetoric

Rhetoric

The ways we convince people to do, think, or say what we want

The Tree of Rhetoric

The Tree of Rhetoric

Logos

The Tree of Rhetoric

Logos

Pathos

The Tree of Rhetoric

Logos

Pathos

Ethos

Logical

Logos

Expert information: Finding expert opinions that are the same as ours

Dr. John Morgenstern, an expert on sleep and the brain at Brandeis University, notes that teenagers need 9.3 hours of sleep a day to function best.

Logos

Cause/Effect:

If we start school later, Students will learn more

Logos

Statistics:

45% of High school principals believe that school should start sooner

The Tree of RhetoricPathos

Emotional

EmotionalThe use of emotional argumentation to persuade and convince

EmotionalAppeals to Negative Emotions: Fear, Discrimination, Revenge

EmotionalAppeals to Negative Emotions: Fear, Discrimination, Revenge

Appeals to Positive Emotions: Love, Charity, Brotherhood

EmotionalAppeals to Negative Emotions: Fear, Discrimination, Revenge

Appeals to Positive Emotions: Love, Charity, Brotherhood

Use of Figurative Speech: metaphors, rhetorical questions, parallelism

Is Pathos more or lessEffective/Fair

than Logos in Argumenation?

The Tree of Rhetoric

Ethos

Credibility

Credibility

Persuading by convincing the audience that the speaker is worth listening to

Credibility

Trustworthiness

Credibility

Trustworthiness

Similarity

Credibility

Trustworthiness

Similarity

Special Knowledge

Credibility

Trustworthiness

Similarity

Special Knowledge

Expert Knowledge

Credibility

Trustworthiness

Similarity

Special Knowledge

Expert Knowledge:

Dr. Brainy von Braniac of Harvard University has recently written, “Schools that begin later have a much higher rate of college attendance and academic achievement.”

The Tree of Rhetoric

Emotional

Logical

Credibility

Classical GreekOratory

Classical Oration

Introduction (Exordium): beginning the web, draw interest

Narration (Narratio): factual info, define the problem

Confirmation (Confirmatio): detail about the arguments, the nuts and bolts of your case

Refutation (Refutatio): addresses counter-arguments, consider audience

Conclusion (Peroratio): satisfying close