PRESIDENTIAL POLITICS 1789-1841

GEORGE WASHINGTON Whiskey Rebellion- frontier farmers

refused to pay tax on manufacture and sale of whiskey 1st time federal troops used to stop dissent

in the U.S.

JOHN ADAM Alien and Sedition Acts- measures

passed by Congress which raised residency requirements for citizenship and allowed deportation or jail of undesirables

XYZ Affair- French officials demanded bribe of $250,000 from U.S. in order to meet with French foreign minister

ELECTION OF 1800 John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson

Adam lost by 8 votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running mates)

tied Constitution says: House of Reps breaks tie

Blank votes cast by Adams supporters Jefferson won by two votes

Importance Showed flaw in Constitution 12th Amendment- electors cast separate

ballots for President and Vice President

JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM 1st Peaceful transfer of power from one

political party to another Philosophy

People should control Government Small and simple best for people Smaller Military and Government Cut government Costs Eliminated Taxes

THOMAS JEFFERSON Marbury v. Madison- Court case that

created the idea of a strong judicial branch with the power of judicial review

Louisiana Purchase Doubled size of U.S.

Cost $15,000,000 or $.03 per acre Sent Louis and Clark to explore

JAMES MADISON War of 1812

Reasons for War France and Britain blockades U.S. sailors being draft into British Navy by

force Canadians giving Native Americans guns

Consequences End of Federalist Party- opposed to war Growth of American Industrialization Proved U.S. was free and Independent nation

JAMES MONROE Nationalism- Belief that national interest should be

placed ahead of regional interests 1818 Northern Boundary

49th Parallel Joint occupation of Oregon with Britain

1819 Western Boundary Sabine River North to Arkansas River North to Pacific Ocean

Monroe Doctrine- Warned all European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere U.S. would consider any power in West as a

threat to peace and safety of U.S. Promised U.S. would stay out of European affairs

JAMES MONROE Regional differences led to controversy over

slavery in new western lands Missouri Compromise- deal made to keep

equal balance of power between slave and free states Missouri Slave State Maine Free State Louisiana Purchase divided at 36 30 N

Lat. South Slavery Legal North Slavery Banned

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS Corrupt Bargain Eased property ownership

requirement to vote Enlarged voting population

Erie Canal finished- 363 mile canal system linking Hudson River to Lake Erie

George Harvey: Pittsford on the Erie Canal, 1837 ... courtesy: Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester

ANDREW JACKSON Jacksonian Democracy

Political Power for all classes Common people should participate

Jackson gave political jobs to friends and allies Spoils System- new administrations hire

their own supporters to replace supporters of previous administration

ANDREW JACKSON Indian Removal Act- Federal funds to

negotiate treaties with Native Americans to move west Ruled unconstitutional

Nullification- idea that states had the right to consider void any act of Congress they deemed to be unconstitutional

The Bank War- re-charter national bank Jackson killed power of Federal bank by

withdrawing all federal money Deposited in democratic friendly banks

MARTIN VAN BUREN Banking Issues

Printing money without gold or silver to back it

Doomed banks to failure when withdrawals occurred

Panic of 1837 Banks wouldn’t accept paper money Businesses bankrupt 1/3 people lost jobs