Presidential Politics 1789 -1841
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Transcript of Presidential Politics 1789 -1841
PRESIDENTIAL POLITICS 1789-1841
GEORGE WASHINGTON Whiskey Rebellion- frontier farmers
refused to pay tax on manufacture and sale of whiskey 1st time federal troops used to stop dissent
in the U.S.
JOHN ADAM Alien and Sedition Acts- measures
passed by Congress which raised residency requirements for citizenship and allowed deportation or jail of undesirables
XYZ Affair- French officials demanded bribe of $250,000 from U.S. in order to meet with French foreign minister
ELECTION OF 1800 John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
Adam lost by 8 votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr (running mates)
tied Constitution says: House of Reps breaks tie
Blank votes cast by Adams supporters Jefferson won by two votes
Importance Showed flaw in Constitution 12th Amendment- electors cast separate
ballots for President and Vice President
JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM 1st Peaceful transfer of power from one
political party to another Philosophy
People should control Government Small and simple best for people Smaller Military and Government Cut government Costs Eliminated Taxes
THOMAS JEFFERSON Marbury v. Madison- Court case that
created the idea of a strong judicial branch with the power of judicial review
Louisiana Purchase Doubled size of U.S.
Cost $15,000,000 or $.03 per acre Sent Louis and Clark to explore
JAMES MADISON War of 1812
Reasons for War France and Britain blockades U.S. sailors being draft into British Navy by
force Canadians giving Native Americans guns
Consequences End of Federalist Party- opposed to war Growth of American Industrialization Proved U.S. was free and Independent nation
JAMES MONROE Nationalism- Belief that national interest should be
placed ahead of regional interests 1818 Northern Boundary
49th Parallel Joint occupation of Oregon with Britain
1819 Western Boundary Sabine River North to Arkansas River North to Pacific Ocean
Monroe Doctrine- Warned all European powers to stay out of Western Hemisphere U.S. would consider any power in West as a
threat to peace and safety of U.S. Promised U.S. would stay out of European affairs
JAMES MONROE Regional differences led to controversy over
slavery in new western lands Missouri Compromise- deal made to keep
equal balance of power between slave and free states Missouri Slave State Maine Free State Louisiana Purchase divided at 36 30 N
Lat. South Slavery Legal North Slavery Banned
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS Corrupt Bargain Eased property ownership
requirement to vote Enlarged voting population
Erie Canal finished- 363 mile canal system linking Hudson River to Lake Erie
George Harvey: Pittsford on the Erie Canal, 1837 ... courtesy: Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester
ANDREW JACKSON Jacksonian Democracy
Political Power for all classes Common people should participate
Jackson gave political jobs to friends and allies Spoils System- new administrations hire
their own supporters to replace supporters of previous administration
ANDREW JACKSON Indian Removal Act- Federal funds to
negotiate treaties with Native Americans to move west Ruled unconstitutional
Nullification- idea that states had the right to consider void any act of Congress they deemed to be unconstitutional
The Bank War- re-charter national bank Jackson killed power of Federal bank by
withdrawing all federal money Deposited in democratic friendly banks
MARTIN VAN BUREN Banking Issues
Printing money without gold or silver to back it
Doomed banks to failure when withdrawals occurred
Panic of 1837 Banks wouldn’t accept paper money Businesses bankrupt 1/3 people lost jobs