Post on 08-May-2015
PLANTATION IN NEPAL AND IN THE TROPICS
Prakash Thapa
Roll No: 21
M.Sc. Forestry
Outline of the Presentation Introduction Methodology Result & Discussion
Plantation in NepalPlantation in TropicsPlantation Management Techniques
Conclusion
Introduction
A plantation is defined as ‘A forest crop or stand raised artificially, either by sowing or planting’ (Evans 1982).
Plantations are established for the following main objectives:
1. Industrial uses:
2. Domestic uses:
3. Environmental protection:
4. Amenity:
The global extent of plantation forests in 1990 was estimated at around 135 million ha ( Kanowski, 1997).
About 75% of these plantation forests were in temperate regions and about 25% in the tropics and subtropics;
Effective research and development based on appropriate genetic resources and good silviculture, are the foundations of successful plantation forestry production.
Methodology
The method of the extensive review of all the relevant literatures was followed for the preparation of this term paper.
The literatures were collected from various web searches and published books.
Result & Discussion
Plantation in Nepal Currently, community plantations have become
the major plantation in Nepal. No long plantation history of Nepal Started since first five year plan (2013-2017
B.S.). 153 acre of land planted in the 1st five year plan The plantation program focused in every five
year plans
Several plantation programs conducted in Nepal :Sagarnath forest development project/ program Ratuwamai plantation projectNepal Australia Forestry Project Nepalgunj forest development projectChautara forest development projectTamagadi Taungya PlantationHill forest development project
Plantation in the Tropics
a. Plantation before 1900 A.D.
• Bible records, Abraham planting a Tamarisk tree• Bodhi tree was recorded about 220 BC. • Teak was introduced in Srilanka as early as 1680 • Teak was success in Java, Indonesia (in 1829
A.D).• Teak planted in Bangladesh, in 1871.• In 1866, Changamanga plantation of Sisoo was
done in Pakistan
Plantation during 1900-1945 A.D. In Brazil, between 1920 and 1930, several
hundred thousand hectares of eucalyptus were planted
In South Africa, in 1920, about 1,15,000 ha of Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in the form of industrial plantation for tan bark were carried out.
By 1931, 25,500 ha were planted in Kenya. By 1945, in South Africa 180,000 ha
plantation of tropical pines
Plantation during 1945- 1965 A.D. By 1958, in Africa largest block plantation of
41,000 ha was done. In 1951, Papua New Guinea, Araucaria was
planted.
Program of planting up to 2000 A.D. Ethiopia (3.5 million ha), India (17 million ha) Brazil (12 million ha)
Plantation Management Methods Silvicultural approach
ThinningPruning Weeding Other Management Operations (Irrigation,
Fertilization) Protective approach
Protection of plantationApplication of Herbicides, Pesticides and
insecticides Socio-economic approach
Conclusion
People have been planting trees for thousands of years for food, shelter, ceremonial or religious purposes in the tropics.
Plantation has become important program after first five year plan in Nepal.
Plantation is contributing multiple benefits to the people from aesthetics to livelihood improvement.