PLANTATION IN NEPAL AND IN THE TROPICS

Prakash Thapa

Roll No: 21

M.Sc. Forestry

Outline of the Presentation Introduction Methodology Result & Discussion

Plantation in NepalPlantation in TropicsPlantation Management Techniques

Conclusion

Introduction

A plantation is defined as ‘A forest crop or stand raised artificially, either by sowing or planting’ (Evans 1982).

Plantations are established for the following main objectives:

1. Industrial uses:

2. Domestic uses:

3. Environmental protection:

4. Amenity:

The global extent of plantation forests in 1990 was estimated at around 135 million ha ( Kanowski, 1997).

About 75% of these plantation forests were in temperate regions and about 25% in the tropics and subtropics;

Effective research and development based on appropriate genetic resources and good silviculture, are the foundations of successful plantation forestry production.

Methodology

The method of the extensive review of all the relevant literatures was followed for the preparation of this term paper.

The literatures were collected from various web searches and published books.

Result & Discussion

Plantation in Nepal Currently, community plantations have become

the major plantation in Nepal. No long plantation history of Nepal Started since first five year plan (2013-2017

B.S.). 153 acre of land planted in the 1st five year plan The plantation program focused in every five

year plans

Several plantation programs conducted in Nepal :Sagarnath forest development project/ program Ratuwamai plantation projectNepal Australia Forestry Project Nepalgunj forest development projectChautara forest development projectTamagadi Taungya PlantationHill forest development project

Plantation in the Tropics

a. Plantation before 1900 A.D.

• Bible records, Abraham planting a Tamarisk tree• Bodhi tree was recorded about 220 BC. • Teak was introduced in Srilanka as early as 1680 • Teak was success in Java, Indonesia (in 1829

A.D).• Teak planted in Bangladesh, in 1871.• In 1866, Changamanga plantation of Sisoo was

done in Pakistan

Plantation during 1900-1945 A.D. In Brazil, between 1920 and 1930, several

hundred thousand hectares of eucalyptus were planted

In South Africa, in 1920, about 1,15,000 ha of Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in the form of industrial plantation for tan bark were carried out.

By 1931, 25,500 ha were planted in Kenya. By 1945, in South Africa 180,000 ha

plantation of tropical pines

Plantation during 1945- 1965 A.D. By 1958, in Africa largest block plantation of

41,000 ha was done. In 1951, Papua New Guinea, Araucaria was

planted.

Program of planting up to 2000 A.D. Ethiopia (3.5 million ha), India (17 million ha) Brazil (12 million ha)

Plantation Management Methods Silvicultural approach

ThinningPruning Weeding Other Management Operations (Irrigation,

Fertilization) Protective approach

Protection of plantationApplication of Herbicides, Pesticides and

insecticides Socio-economic approach

Conclusion

People have been planting trees for thousands of years for food, shelter, ceremonial or religious purposes in the tropics.

Plantation has become important program after first five year plan in Nepal.

Plantation is contributing multiple benefits to the people from aesthetics to livelihood improvement.