T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

www.mgeups.com

Power Systems Solutions

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

POWER PROBLEMS Power Problems:

> External causes (utility outages)> Internal causes (CB trip, inrush, bus failure)

Power Problems:> Black-out, Brown -out, Sags, Swells, Surges, Transients, Waveform Distortion

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

UPS DEFINITION

Power Protection> Provides power back-up during power outage

Power Conditioning> Nominal output voltage with 1% regulation> Nominal output frequency with 0.1 Hz regulation> Output voltage distortion 5% maximum

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

ON-LINE UPS

Double conversion (AC to DC, and DC to AC)

Charger/Rectifier is ON (feeding the inverter and charging battery)

Inverter is ON (feeding the load)

Full Voltage, frequency regulation and waveform shaping

Static switch is OFF.

Static switch is solid state. No transfer time (no break on the output)

Inverter is sync’d to the bypass input.

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

On-Line UPS (Standard Features)

On-line

IGBT PWM inverters

Superior output performance

High-efficiency (up to 95%)

Maintenance bypass

Input current filter, high input PF

Modular construction

Battery monitoring

Computer-aided diagnostic

Advanced communications

Small footprint

Microprocessor controlled

Low acoustic noise

FCC Compliant

UL & CUL1778

ISO9001

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Rectifier/Charger Design

6 Pulse Rectifier> 6 SCR’s, fully controlled Rectification > ITHD is 27%-30%, with no filter> Input filter reduces ITHD to 7% max> Improves PF to 0.95

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

UPS Input Filter Technology (Trap Filter)

Tuned to 5th & 7th Harmonics on 6 Pulse

Reduced THDI to 5 - 7% @ 100% Load

Constant KVAR as % Load Decreases -- Resulting in leading power factor under low % of load.

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Rectifier/Charger design

12 Pulse Rectifier> 2 x 6 SCR’s, fully controlled Rectification > ITHD is 10%, with no filter> Input filter reduces ITHD to 5% > Isolation Transformer standard> Input Power walk-in assumes full power over a 10 second period

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

UPS BATTERY

Sealed Low> Low maintenance> No gassing, can be Installed in

office environment> LOI - 18 to 22 for electrical room, > LOI - 28 to 32 for computer room/office

(UL requirements) > Racks or cabinets

Flooded Wet Cells> Require maintenance> Gassing, Special installation> LOI - 18, optional 28> Racks only. Zone rated (basement or above grade)

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Operating temperature> Specified protection time @ 77 F (25 C)> Higher temperature > protection time> Lower temperature < protection time

Discharges> Number of discharges > Elevated cut-off voltage> Protection against deep discharge

Battery charging> Re-charge current - 0.1C10> Temperature compensation> DC ripple: less than 1%

BATTERY PARAMETERS

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Evolution & Paradigm Shiftto IGBT and HF PWM

SCR Bipolar

HF PWMw/ DPQ

IGBTSemiconductor types

Inverter Topologies

6 Step12 StepLF PWMHF PWM

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Digital Power Quality Management System

Creates a “perfect sinewave” (3.5% max THD) output under all conditions Eliminates harmonics and stabilizes voltage for “computer grade power”.

Inverter

Output

Compares to “perfect” sine wave and correct

Adjusts waveform to generate distortion free

“perfect” output

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Digital Power Quality Envelope

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

100% Step Load w/o Compromising Critical Loads

When heavy loads are placed on most UPSs the output voltage will often deviate, sometimes compromising the loads.

EPS 6000 maintains output voltage transients to within 5% even when load is instantly increased from 0-100%

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

High Efficiency even at lower loads means huge cost savings

Most manufacturers do not publish efficiencies under 50% where most UPSs operate MGE maintains high efficiency at lower loads resulting in substantial cost savings

Certified by an independent agency

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

100% Rated Continuos Duty Static Switch

Single, simple solid state switching process No added single mechanical point of failure Capable of switching on surge currents where contactors may destruct No deterioration with usage (contactors have a finite life)

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Generator Friendly Technology Causes of generator incompatibility: Leading power factor loads: loss of voltage regulation High ITHD: higher heat loss in alternator (de-rating of alternator) Notching on Voltage THD profile: loss of tracking Inability to regulate frequency: load sees frequency changes

ADVANTAGE MGE

                                                          

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UPS Input Filter Technology

Shunt Inductor > Compensates for leading power factor> No impact on THD> No mechanical component> Lower PF at full load

Input Walk-in : gradually increases load on input power source (over 10+ second period)

2nd step Input / 2 step Battery charge current limit: Reduces load on generator

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Data Center Power Sizing

Fire protection UPS Systems

Generators

Batteries

A/C-units

Raised floor

Communication equipment

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Data Centers- The Heart -

Concept: guarantee stable power, environment and bandwidth Design loads: 75-150 W per square foot (actual consumption today

40-120 W2’ max.) - next generation devices push loads densities to 200 W2’.

Many key regions short of power and can not guarantee stable supply in peak periods

Future large Data Centers may be limited by available power in region

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Power Sizing

Determine Total square footage of the data center - Gross Sq.Ft

Determine net or effective coverage area - net Sq.ft (typically 40 to 50% of Gross area.

Determine Watts/ Sq. ft. requirements - This varies per customer (from 50 W/Sq.ft to > 125 W/Sq.ft)

Differentiate Between Point loading & Overall or gross loading - Some equipment may have 300 W/Sq.ft point loading but when adding access/installation area, the overall w/Sq.ft will be reduced by 1/2)

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

UPS Power Sizing

Determine overall KW - Based on W/Sq.ft

Add % for future growth - Typically 20%. This determines the full kW of the UPS.

Add 10% for PF - This determines thew full kVA of the UPS.

PDU Sizing:> Determine the area and/or loads to be fed.> Consider distance to equipment - Reduce cable run, reduce cable loading.> Determine number of poles - Include 30% to 40% future expansion.

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Switchgear UPS Modules Output Distribution

Maintenance Bypass

Battery Banks

Power Distribution Units

Static Transfer Switches

Utility

High Reliability Data Center

Air Conditioning

Auto Transfer Switch

Generator(s)

Building Blocks of a Critical Power System

Power System / Site Monitoring

BatteryMonitoring

TVSS

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Mission Critical Requirements

7 x 24 x 365 UP TIME Maintaining UPS power 24 hours/day, 7 days/week, 365 days/year

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

UPS System Configurations

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

Single module

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Parallel for Capacity & or Redundancy

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IntegratedParallel

Parallel for redundancy with no system static switch cabinet

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Isolated Redundant System configuration: N+1, N+2 N+….

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Benefits of Isolated Redundant

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

100% Step Load with Low Transient Voltage

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Isolated Redundant Oversized Standby Static Bypass

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Isolated Redundant Primary Module Dual Bypass

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Isolated Redundant Primary Module Dual Bypass

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Distributed Redundant

PMM/STS

CBS

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Distributed Redundant Advantages

EXPANDABILITY!

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Critical Bus Synchronization Module

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Critical Bus Sync (CBS)

Synchronize two (or more) independent UPS systems to common signal when:

– Bypass sources are not available– Bypass sources are out of sync

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

SOURCE 1 SOURCE 2

LOAD

K K

N.C.

N.O. N.O.

N.C.

N.C.

K

N.C.

N.O.

KIRK-KEY INTERLOCK

NORMALLY CLOSED

NORMALLY OPEN

Digital Static Transfer SwitchRedundant Output Breaker Option

Parallel Output Breakers Output breaker failure detected

and alarmed All breakers are either plug-in or

draw-out type

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

DSTS

Preferred Source Alternate Source

SOURCES CAN BE :• TWO UPSs OR • ONE UPS AND A UTILITY• ONE UPS AND A GENERATOR

CRITICAL LOAD

CRITICAL LOAD

480V

208V

480V

480V

PMM PLUS

PMM STSAUX

FOOT PRINT

AUX

DistributionPanels

(up to 252 breakers)

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

DSTS

Preferred Source Alternate Source

SOURCES CAN BE :• TWO UPSs OR • ONE UPS AND A UTILITY• ONE UPS AND A GENERATOR

PMM ULTRA (208V DSTS)

CRITICAL LOAD

CRITICAL LOAD

480V 480V

208V208V

DistributionPanels(up to 252 breakers)

PMM STSAUX PMM

DUAL TRANSFORMERS = ULTRA RELIABILITY

FOOT PRINT

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

PMM ULTRA / PMM PLUS

DSTS

AUX. DISTRIBUTION

AUX. DISTRIBUTION PMM

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Central Monitoring

All branch circuits can be monitored from a central location Square D Power Logic software can provided as a turnkey

monitoring solution (can provide info safely over the Internet) Optional central monitoring of panel board main breaker and PMM

status on the same 4 wire network

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

TVSS Applications

switchgear

UPS Modules Output Distribution

Maintenance Bypass

Power Distribution Units

Static Transfer Switches

Service Entrance : 320KA surge Current- Protects against utility surges

UPS Input : 160-320KA; 2nd stage protection against bld’g disturbances

Power Distribution output: 80-100KA; 3rd stage protection against load dist.

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

High K-Factor TransformerDesigned for Non-Linear Loads

High Harmonic Currents

Low K-Factor Transformer

Thermal stress leading to

transformer failure

MGE High K-Factor Transformer

Non-Linear Loads

Fluorescent Lights

Computers

Electronics

High Harmonic Currents

Assured transformer performance

Non-Linear Loads

Fluorescent Lights

Computers

Electronics

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

Harmonics & Neutral Current

Only 3rd order harmonics adds in the neutral200% rated neutral

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

UPS GROUNDING

3 Phase, 4 wire System

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R

UPS GROUNDING

3 Phase, 3 wire system

T H E U N I N T E R R U P T I B L E P O W E R P R O V I D E R