Bio-Signal Electrodes Having Electro-Chemical Power Generation Capability Aimed for

Operating Power of Intra-Corporeal Capsule-Telemeter Transmitter

Matsumoto S, Takeuchi Y, Kakizaki H

Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan y.takeuchi@ieee.org

ISOB2014 session 3-3 2014.5.20@Kyoto Univ.

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どんな高邁な電子機器も実は狐狸同様に -----

Let me eat power!!

May have battery here or there --------

“ どこかに電池があれば良いのではないか”

本件研究者は独断と偏見をもって

「そうは思わない」 --------- のです。

“May have battery here or there --------”

Unfortunately the authors DO NOT support this idea, at our OWN philosophy

Water Inlet

Water-based Battery

シンパをつのるには日本一であれば十分、あえて世界一である必要はないそうで ----

Come fight with me!!

最近はドラエモンがくれるキビ団子の方が人気があり、国際的知名度も高く ------

Come fight with me ------ Doraemon

サルと犬には同時にきびだんごをくれてはいけないのだそうで -----

同時にくれるとその場でお互いに焼き餅を焼いて喧嘩になり、桃太郎は以後ずっと仲裁に追われっぱなしでとても鬼が島攻めどころではなくなり ------- ( 以下省略 )

最近は地球温暖化が進んでいるようで ----

Everywhere warming up globally

とにかく食べない事には ----

ただし、エサの配り方が下手だと ----

Sometimes mistaking the feeding method

多すぎる！

TOO many eaters / clients

Too Many Battery Researchers/Manufcturers

Where we are ??

電気化 ( バケ ) 学、ないしガルバニズム (= 非常にご利益のある新興宗教 ) の一般形式

Galvanism (a religious movement)

何とか電池・総集編

レモン電池、ポテト電池、ぶた電池、昆虫電池、その他無数

ANYTHING-battery!!

マグネシウム・海水 (or 体液 = 生理食塩水 ) ・銀塩化銀

という構成の１次電池

アノード（正極）：　銀塩化銀複合体（不分極電極）

電解液：　塩水、塩度 0.9( 生理食塩水 = 体液 ) ~ 4.0 ( 紅海の海水 )

カソード：　金属マグネシウム（またはその合金）

貴卑落差＝大略 1.5V 強（実験実測 1.55V ）

Magnesium-SeaWater-Ag+AgCl primary battery

Anode(+): Ag+AgCl compound (unploarizing electrode)

Electrolyte: Salt water or equivalent (salinity 0.9%(body fluid) - 4%(red sea))

Cathode(-): Magnesium (pure metal or alloy)

Ionization Potential Difference

etwa.1.5 volt (1.55 volt as measured)

海に落っこちた時初めて、しかし絶対確実に動き始めてくれる筈の電子装置 ------- “EPURB” （動かなかった悲劇もあり）

前途洋々＝前途多難＝武運長久を祈るのみ

Bionic (Glucose) Battery (workable inside body tissue)

Tohoku University, profs. Nishizawa and Kaji)

東日本大震災を機に売れに売れて悲鳴朗々とか

Water Activating Magnesium Battery

(sold greatly on earthquake incidence)

How to Use NoPoPo Mg-Water Battery

Japanese Notorious Mg-AgCl-Seawater Battery. Has decades of years of history.

海水電池の実際的な構造の例 Example of structure of seawater battery for real use

カソード物質

アノ ド物質−

電解液（海水）の流路）

分離（分画）手段

集電手段（箔 or網）

集電手段（箔 or 網）

負荷

マグネシウム - 銀間の貴卑電位差は

大略 1.5V

Mg to Ag =~1.5V

Mg to Cu =~1.2V

Zn to Ag =~0.9V

Mg to Graphite =~1.8V

etc.

こういう構成で 1.5V の電源が得られる筈である

This arrangement makes dc1.5V power source across body tissue (or body fluid)

その 1.5V で送信機を動かせないか

Can this power the telemeter transmitter??

　

単純な電極ごとのバッファアンプには十分

Could be sufficient for per-electrode buffer amplifiers

この思想に合わせた極低電力テレメーター送信機の一案

Possible arrangement for mostly simple ECG transmitter

Active (power on) when placed on body surface

Inactive (power off) when off from body surface

How much is the SAFETY limit ??

100μA Extracorporeally ?? (10μA Intracorporeally ???)

NGConductive gel at center and surrounding adhesive on foam is “conductive”, it always make generating mode even at off-skin situation. No way to stop.

OKCentral gel-foam on AgAgCl disc is insulated by plastic ring against outer ring of adhesive foam. The AgAgCl disc and Magnesium ring are

insulated when off from skin, to stop generating.

hp14445A modified Mg-AgAgCl dual part generating electrode

(1) place on dry skin (foot)

(2) change position to wet/sweaty skin (chest)

(3) move to fully saline soaked bank of tissue paper

(4) move to fully urea soaked bank of tissue paper

vertical full scale: 2V, horizontal pace: 10 minutes/cm. Disturbances are seen with electrochemical instability (1-2) and lead wire electrical contact instability (2-3-4).

hp14445A modified Mg-AgAgCl dual part generating electrode, life time history of in-operation electrical output.

hp14445A modified Mg-AgAgCl dual part generating electrode, life time history of in-operation electrical output.

Amplifier operation limit

RF osc operation limit

hp14445A modified Mg-AgAgCl dual part generating electrode, life time history of electrical output in detail. Electrolyte = 0.9% saline water, load resistance = 100Kohm.

One hour

10 min.

start

Renewing electrolyte after about 24 hours.

Final moment of life, at about 60 hours.

speculation

From experimental behavior, it is suggested that the life of this primary battery system is determined by fatigue or ceasing of the cathode side material Ag-AgC

l, not by that of the anode side material Mg.

The cathode side material Ag-AgCl compound seems to lose the nature of unpolarizing electrode, at end of the system life. The balanced or buffered situation

in between Ag and AgCl seems to be lost.

Which of Ag or AgCl “looses” is not well known, or to be determined by anoth

er experiment.

Fighting of cathode material at end-of-life-phase

Dead spot of Ag-AgCl evokes backing material (Cu or Fe?) where another competing local battery system appears for another voltage 1.2V. When the competing local battery spots are all oxidized and looses, system backs to remaining Ag-AgCl anode for 1.55V. Repeating this fighting time by time, sy

stem ends the life when all the available AgAgCl is gone.

Bio-Protech T716 (lowest price) 　 lifetime =~16 hours

hp14445A(Philips M2022A) lifetime =~30 hours

Ag-AgCl sintered pellet disc, (8mm dia. X 2mm thickness) lifetime =~70~100

hours

ある実施例における部品定数、各部の電流など

Design Example for Electrode-Powered ECG Transmitter

1st aid reception of ECG

optimization & calibration TBD

(1) dark grey in beginning, by & by gets more dark or black.

(2) micro-bubble raises up to surface continuously. =Hydrogen??

(3) metallic shine smooth surface lost to make grey rough surface

(4) fine white powder come down to vessel bottom. =MgO or Mg(OH)2

Intra-Corporeal (intra bladder) Capsule-Telemeter Transmitter, In design, for Pressure and Phono. 6

mm dia. x 10mm length.

Our early days experimental data, using battery built-in capsule telemeter transmitter.

Issues remaining

Electrical Safety -------- may be OK

Biochemical Safety ---- maybe-maybe OK

DC current (or gross charge) durable AgAgCl (or other) electrode ------- TBD/TBBI

Ultra-Low-Power Xmitter ------ TBD/almost OK

一次電池としての発電機能を併せ持つ生体電極とその応用の試み

中間結論

　基礎技術開発においては「独断と偏見による個人的な第一印象やインスピレーション」が非常に大切ですので、それのみ述べます。

面白い、使えそうだ、やっちまえ !!

故にこの研究はさらに継続発展させます。本日は雑駁な発表にご静聴ありがとうございました。

一次電池としての発電機能を併せ持つ生体電極とその応用の試み

Bio-Signal Electrodes Having Electro-Chemical Power Generation Capability

面白い、使えそうだ、やっちまえ !!

(please say)

THAT’S INTERESTING!!

Continued to Next ISOB Meeting

Thanks for your Attention