Post on 17-Dec-2015
Desublimation
EvaporationFr
eezing o
r Solid
ifica
tion
Melting or L
iquefacti
on
Sublimation
Condensation
Physical properties....
Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be measured and observed.
Properties help identify a substance and help determine the uses of a material.
Properties of liquids:
Viscosity is a measurement of resistance to flowing.
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow.
In everyday terms (and for fluids only), viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction".
Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity.
Put simply, the less viscous the fluid is, the greater its ease of movement (fluidity).
The substance above has
lower viscosity than the
substance below.
Surface tension is the tendency of a liquid to form a skin at the surface.
Adhesion is similar to cohesion, but it is the attraction between particles of different substances.
Cohesion is the attraction between particles of the same substance. Cohesion is what causes surface tension.
Properties of solids:
Malleable is the ability to be shaped.
Elasticity is the amount of "stretch" an item has.
Brittleness is how easily something will break when being shaped.
Hardness is the resistance to being scratched.
Tensile strength describes how well a solid resists breaking under tension forces (pulling forces).
Conductivity is the ability to conduct electricity.
Luster-the state or quality of shining by reflecting light; glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss, dull, flat.
Ductile-capable of being drawn out into wire or threads capable of being hammered out thin, as certain metals; malleable.
Translucent
Opaque
Allowing light, but not detailed images, to pass through; semitransparent.
Not transparent or translucent; impenetrable to light; not allowing light to pass through.
Physical properties of matter often vary with three things:
temperature, pressure and state.
Chemical vs. Physical Properties
Chemical properties are properties of an element or compound in chemical reactions. For example, the fact that sodium reacts with water is a chemical property.
Physical properties are properties of an element or compound that can be observed without a chemical reaction of the substance. A substance's color and density are physical properties.
Density is a measure of how closely the particles of a substance are packed into a given space.
Density is found by measuring mass and volume and then dividing the mass by the volume. The formula
for density is:
D = M/V
D stands for density, M stands for mass, and V stands for volume.
Gluep Background info.....
What is the density of a rock that has a mass of 32.5 g and a volume of 12.8 mL?
Use the 3-step method to solve this problem:
1) Write the formula.
D = M/V
2) Plug in the numbers and units.
3) Complete the calculation and show the correct unit for density.
What is the density of a rock that has a mass of 32.5 g and a volume of 12.8 mL?
How do you determine volume?
GLUEP LAB
Physical properties of matter are characteristics that can be measured and observed, without changing the make-up of the substance.
Examples of measurable properties:
Examples of observable properties:
On the other hand, chemical properties describe the way a material will behave chemically. Will it react slowly with oxygen, decompose in light, combine explosively with sodium, etc.?
MATERIALS: Triple-beam balance Food coloring Graduated cylinder Borax Two beakers White glue Stick for stirring
PROCEDURE:1. Find the mass of the small beaker (answer = ____________). 2. Add 3.7 g to that mass (answer = ____________) and adjust the pointers on the balance to this new number. Carefully add Borax to the beaker until it balances out again.3. Add 50 ml of water to the Borax in the beaker. Stir to mix until all or most of the Borax is dissolved.4. In the larger beaker, measure 25 ml of glue.5. Measure and add 25 ml of water to the glue and mix well.6. Add 2 drops of food coloring to the glue mixture and stir.7. Pour the Borax solution into the glue mixture and stir.8. Drain the extra liquid down the sink drain. Be careful not to lose the new material you have just made.9. Knead the remaining material in your hands until it firms like putty.10. Clean your beakers, then place the gluep in one. Observe.
Do not remove ANY materials from this classroom without permission.
This includes the Gluep you made. (Sorry!)
In detail, describe the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of the gluep you made. Include the color, odor, texture, viscosity (compared to water), volume, and mass.________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Based on your observations, does gluep behave more like a solid, liquid, or gas? Defend your answer ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thoroughly clean all lab equipment, including beakers, sinks, counters, etc. Return all lab supplies where they belong.DO NOT TAKE ANY GLUEP OUT OF THE CLASSROOM!
In detail, describe the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of the gluep you made. Include the color, odor, texture, viscosity (compared to water), volume, and mass.________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Based on your observations, does gluep behave more like a solid, liquid, or gas? Defend your answer .
Thoroughly clean all lab equipment, including beakers, sinks, counters, etc. Return all lab supplies where they belong.DO NOT TAKE ANY GLUEP OUT OF THE CLASSROOM!
No, it's neither solid nor liquid, it's a hydrocolloidal gel - a "colloid". Solids are held in suspension within a liquid by molecular action.
Conservation Speaking ContestThis year the speaking contest will be held on Tuesday January 21, 2014 at
Pittsville High School in Pittsville, WI. The contest starts at 6:00pm.
Students can pick a topic that deals with conservation and deliver a speech.
Gift cards and trophies will be awarded to the top speeches. Top speeches will move on to area level, then state.
Entry forms need to be mailed by Friday January 17, 2014.
Robotic snow shoveler
Follow-up questions: What other materials have you seen that have similar properties as gluep?
How would you rate the attraction between gluep particles, on a scale of 1 to 10? Circle one, then explain your answer.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 WEAK VERY STRONG (GAS (CRYSTALLINE PARTICLES) SOLIDS)
The gluep’s mass is ___________.
The volume of the gluep is about ____________.
The density is _____________________.
The color is ________________.
The viscosity is ______________.
Based on gluep’s properties, think of a practical use for it.
Why is Graphite soft and Diamond hard if both are pure carbon?
Carbon alone forms the familiar substances graphite and diamond. Both graphite and diamond are made only of carbon atoms.
Graphite is very soft and slippery. Diamond is the hardest substance known to man. If both are made only of carbon what gives them different properties? The answer lies in the way the carbon atoms form bonds with each other.
Notice that graphite is layered. While there are strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms in each layer, there are only weak forces between layers.
This allows layers of carbon to slide over each other in graphite.
On the other hand, in diamond each carbon atom is the same distance to each of its neighboring carbon atoms.
In this rigid network atoms cannot move.
This explains why diamonds are so hard and have such a high melting point.
SPECIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MALLEABILITY ELASTICITY COHESION TENSILE STRENGTH BRITTLENESS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY HARDNESS VISCOSITY SURFACE TENSION ADHESION DUCTILE
The ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheets ___________
Can be stretched, but will retain its normal shape _____________
The particles of a liquid “stick” to each other ________________
Describes how strong something is when pulled ______________
A liquid’s surface forms a “skin” due to cohesion between molecules _________________ ___________________
The ability to move electrons through the substance_____________
The property of breaking apart when struck or bent ____________
The resistance to being scratched __________
The resistance of a liquid to flowing or being poured ___________
The liquid particles “stick” to the side of a container ______________
SPECIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MALLEABILITY ELASTICITY COHESION TENSILE STRENGTH BRITTLENESS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY HARDNESS VISCOSITY SURFACE TENSION ADHESION DUCTILE
The ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheets _ductile____
Can be stretched, but will retain its normal shape ____elastiscity____
The particles of a liquid “stick” to each other _____cohesion____
Describes how strong something is when pulled __tensile strength____
A liquid’s surface forms a “skin” due to cohesion between molecules _____surface__ _____tension_______
The ability to move electrons through the substance__conductivity____
The property of breaking apart when struck or bent __brittle__________
The resistance to being scratched ___hardness_______
The resistance of a liquid to flowing or being poured __viscosity_____
The liquid particles “stick” to the side of a container __adhesion______
Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be measured and observed.
Properties help identify a substance and help determine the uses of a material.
Properties L
ab
Wax chunkconditioner in vialplastic bouncy balllead sinkerlead foilmineral oil
copper stripiron cylinderwater in vialchalklead foilrubber bandcorn syrup (green)purple latex band
silicon lump
muscovite crystal
basalt rock
Uses for Muscovite (mica)Muscovite is a valuable mineral, but it is not known for its aesthetic beauty and will never been seen as a gem.
Its first known use was in Old Russia as a glass. This glass was termed muscovy glass. Muscovite was used in this purpose due to its transparent crystals and its ability to cleave into thin sheets. Sheet muscovite is used as an insulating material in electrical apparatuses due to its dielectric and heat resistant properties (Hurbut & Klein Pg. 517).
It was also used in this fashion as furnace doors, but its use in this capacity is not as common today because of modern technology alternatives.
Muscovite can be ground up and used in many products. The ground muscovite is used in wallpaper to give it a shiny luster. It can also be used as a glitter and in makeup in a similar fashion, as well as, a fireproofing agent, fillers, and a lubricant in oil.
http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go336/pepper/#uses
Back
Uses for Basalt RockRock Type: igneous (extrusive/volcanic) Distinguishing Characteristics: red-brown to black, frothy with small visible holes where gas escaped while the lava cooled.
Origin of your Samples: Sault Ste. Marie, OntarioUses: Basalt is crushed and used as crushed stone, concrete aggregate and railroad ballast. Basalt fibres are used in the production of high quality textile fibres, floor tiles, basalt plastic reinforcement bars, basalt fibre roofing felt and glass wool (fibre glass).
http://www.pdac.ca/miningmatters/teachers/resources-rock.html
Back
Uses for Silicondoped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic, etc. to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other electronic solid-state devices
silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, a material with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties
Uses:computer chips lubricants used to make concrete and bricks used in medicine for silicone implants
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/scholar/elements/silicon/uses.html
Back
Concepts and key terms to explore: Malleable MassDensity (D=M/V) Elasticity Volume Surface tension (cohesion) Ductile Viscosity (high or low resistance to flowing)
Electrical conductivity Brittle
Soft or hard (resistance to being scratched or dented)
Luster (metallic, dull, shiny, waxy)
Translucent, transparent, opaque Magnetic
Solid Metalscopper examplesiron sampleslead foillead sinkerpaper clip
Solid Nonmetals(Crystalline)ChalkBasaltMuscovite
Solid Nonmetals(Amorphous)WaxBouncy BallRubber bandSiliconPurple latex band
LiquidsWaterConditionerCorn syrup (green)Mineral oil
(clear w/ red)
Copper foil, pipe and wire
waxiron ball silicon lump
liquids:cleargreenclear w/redwhite
lead foil, lump
synthetic rubber
Solid Metals (strip, wire, pipe, raw)
copper samples-malleable, ductile, luster is shiny, can be scratched, conductor
iron samples- dense, rusts easily in air, hard, resistant to scratching, conductor
lead samples- heavy and dense, hard, luster is shiny, conductor
Uses of copper
Uses of iron
Uses of lead
Solid Nonmetals(Crystalline)
Chalk- soft, brittle, white, non-conductor
Basalt-hard, resists scratching, dark, dense, non-conductor
Muscovite-brittle, splits into layers, fairly translucent, non-conductor
Uses for chalk
uses of basalt rock
Uses of muscovite
Solid Nonmetals (Amorphous)
Wax- Opaque, brittle, soft (scratch able), non-conductor
Bouncy Ball- elastic, soft, non-conductor
Rubber band- elastic, stretchable, not malleable, non-conductor
Latex- soft, stretchy, elasticity, purple, low luster
Silicon- non conductor, luster is shiny, silky, lubricant feel
uses for wax
uses of rubber bands
Uses of silicon
LiquidsWater- low viscosity, high fluidity, clear, odorless
Conditioner- very high viscosity, very low fluidity, white, opaque
Mineral oil-medium viscosity, medium fluidity. Clear, "oily", odor
Corn syrup- thick viscosity, low fluidity, usually clear or dark colored (green in lab)
OutdoorObservationProjectdue a week from Monday!!
OutdoorObservationProjectdue a week from Monday!!
OutdoorObservationProjectdue a week from Monday!!