Post on 18-Jan-2016
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Montgomery County Schools attended Family Pre-Teaching Life Post Teaching: MYOB
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Your favorite Your TV Show favorite
food
Your Full NamePreferred Name
Your favorite Your favoritebook musician
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Three questions I have for Mr. Hoffman
1.
2.
3.
Separate 3-ring Binder/Notebook with Lined filler paper
2 pens2 pencils
Pack of 100 3x5 index cardsAssignment book
If cost is an issue – “Suggestion Box”
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1. Courtesy & Timeliness2. Preparation3. This is our “home” – please treat it well
4. It IS a benevolent autocracy NOT a democracy 5. “Suggestion Box”
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Interactive or Boring
Multi-dimensional or straight lecture
Easy or Difficult
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… and it will be so.
1. NO PEJORATIVES – EVER! (INSTANT REFERRAL!)
2. Slang – verbal/written3. Jargon
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Mr. HoffmanSpringbrook High School
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Many things that happen to Many things that happen to us leave no record in memoryus leave no record in memory
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True True oror FalseFalse??
TrueTrue: : Most of the information Most of the information around us never reaches around us never reaches memory, and what does memory, and what does reach memory often gets reach memory often gets
distorteddistorted
You are born with all the brain You are born with all the brain cells you will ever havecells you will ever have
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FalseFalse: : Recent research shows that Recent research shows that
some parts of the brain some parts of the brain continue producing new continue producing new
cells throughout lifecells throughout life
True True oror FalseFalse??
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True True oror FalseFalse??
Both center patches are the same shade of gray
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
True: The patch on the right appeared darker due to perceptual contrast with its background
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True: The patch on the right appeared
darker due to perceptual contrast with its background
Intelligence is a purely genetic Intelligence is a purely genetic trait that does not change trait that does not change throughout a person’s lifethroughout a person’s life
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True True oror FalseFalse??
FalseFalse: :
Intelligence is the result of both Intelligence is the result of both heredity and environment, and heredity and environment, and
may change throughout your lifemay change throughout your life
The most common form of The most common form of mental disorder occurs in mental disorder occurs in
30% of the population30% of the population
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TrueTrue::
Depression, the single most Depression, the single most common disorder, may affect up common disorder, may affect up
to a third of the population at to a third of the population at some point in their livessome point in their lives
True True oror FalseFalse??
Repeated exposure to the same Repeated exposure to the same face leads us to like it lessface leads us to like it less
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FalseFalse: :
Familiar people (and their faces) Familiar people (and their faces) are generally liked more than less are generally liked more than less
familiar peoplefamiliar people
True True oror FalseFalse??
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Psychology is a broad field, with many specialties, but fundamentally,
psychology is the science of behavior and
mental processes
Psychology is – The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Psychology is not◦ Mere speculation about human nature◦ A body of folk wisdom about people that
“everybody knows” to be true
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Psychology disputes unfounded claims from pseudopsychology
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Pseudopsychology –Erroneous assertions of practices set forth as being scientific psychology
Paranormal abilities, like Extra Sensory
Perception (ESP) or mind reading
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Psychology is a broad field with many specialties, grouped in three major
categories: experimental psychology, teaching of psychology and applied
psychology
Experimental psychologists• Conduct most research across
psychological spectrum• May work in private industry or for the
government • Often teach at college or university
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Applied psychologists
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I/OI/O SportsSports
School School
CounselingCounseling
EngineeringEngineering
RehabilitationRehabilitation
Use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems
ClinicalClinical
I/O Psychology was Mr. Hoffman’s major
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Modern psychology developed from several conflicting traditions,
including structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt
psychology, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis
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Devoted to uncovering Devoted to uncovering basic structures that basic structures that make up mind and make up mind and
thoughtthought
TraditionTradition
StructuralismStructuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Gestalt psychology
Behaviorism
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Believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose
and function
TraditionTradition
Structuralism
Functionalism Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Gestalt psychology
Behaviorism
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Interested in how we construct “perceptual
wholes”
TraditionTradition
Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Gestalt Gestalt psychologypsychology
Behaviorism
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Argued psychology should deal solely with
observable events
TraditionTradition
Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Gestalt psychology
BehaviorismBehaviorism
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Asserted mental disorders arise from
conflicts in the unconscious mind
TraditionTradition
Structuralism
Functionalism
PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis
Gestalt psychology
Behaviorism
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Seven main perspectives characterize modern
psychology: the biological, developmental, cognitive,
clinical, behavioral, trait, and socio-cultural views
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BiologicalBiological
DevelopmentalDevelopmental
PsychodynamicPsychodynamic
SocioculturalSociocultural
CognitiveCognitive
BehavioralBehavioral
TraitTrait
HumanisticHumanistic
Evolutionary/Evolutionary/SociobiologicalSociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
We are complex systems that We are complex systems that respond to hereditary and respond to hereditary and environmental influencesenvironmental influences
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Neural structures, Neural structures, biochemistry, and inborn biochemistry, and inborn
responses to external cuesresponses to external cues
Question for Study:Question for Study:
How do heredity, the nervous How do heredity, the nervous system, and the endocrine system, and the endocrine
system produce behavior and system produce behavior and mental processes?mental processes?
PerspectivePerspective
BiologicalBiological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
We undergo predictable patterns We undergo predictable patterns of change throughout our livesof change throughout our lives
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Interaction between Interaction between heredity heredity and and environmentenvironment
Questions for Study:Questions for Study:
What are the patterns that What are the patterns that characterize developmental characterize developmental
change?change?
What are the genetic and What are the genetic and environmental influences environmental influences
underlying these patterns?underlying these patterns?
PerspectivePerspective
Biological
DevelopmentalDevelopmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
People are information-People are information-processing systemsprocessing systems
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Mental interpretation of our Mental interpretation of our experienceexperience
Question for Study:Question for Study:
How do mental processes, How do mental processes, including sensation, perception, including sensation, perception,
learning, memory, and language, learning, memory, and language, influence behavior?influence behavior?
PerspectivePerspective
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
CognitiveCognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
We are driven by dark forces of We are driven by dark forces of the unconsciousthe unconscious
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Unconscious needs, conflicts, Unconscious needs, conflicts, repressed memories, and repressed memories, and
childhood experienceschildhood experiences
Question for Study:Question for Study:
How does the energy generated in How does the energy generated in the unconscious mind motivate the unconscious mind motivate
our actions and account for our actions and account for mental disorders?mental disorders?
Biological
Developmental
PsychodynamicPsychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Emphasizes human growth and Emphasizes human growth and potentialpotential
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
The influence of self-concept, The influence of self-concept, perceptions, and interpersonal perceptions, and interpersonal relationships, and on need for relationships, and on need for
personal growthpersonal growth
Question for Study:Question for Study:
How can humanistic theory be How can humanistic theory be applied to enhance mental health applied to enhance mental health through counseling and therapy?through counseling and therapy?
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
HumanisticHumanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Behavior is primarily shaped by Behavior is primarily shaped by learninglearning
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Stimulus cues and our history of Stimulus cues and our history of rewards and punishmentsrewards and punishments
Questions for Study:Questions for Study:
What are the “laws” that associate What are the “laws” that associate our responses with stimulus our responses with stimulus
conditions?conditions?
How can they be applied to How can they be applied to improve the human condition?improve the human condition?
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
BehavioralBehavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
People are social animals, so People are social animals, so human behavior must be human behavior must be
interpreted in social contextinterpreted in social context
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Cultures, social norms and Cultures, social norms and expectations, social learning expectations, social learning
Questions for Study:Questions for Study:
Under what conditions is the Under what conditions is the social and cultural situation social and cultural situation
predictive of behavior?predictive of behavior?
How are social influences different How are social influences different across cultures?across cultures?
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
SocioculturalSociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Behavior is developed and Behavior is developed and adapted over timeadapted over time
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Natural selection Natural selection
Question for Study:Question for Study:
How do behavior and individual How do behavior and individual differences develop and change?differences develop and change?
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
Trait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Evolutionary/SociobiologicalSociobiological
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View of Human Nature:View of Human Nature:
Individual differences result from Individual differences result from differences in our underlying differences in our underlying
patterns of stable characteristicspatterns of stable characteristics
PerspectivePerspective
What Determines Behavior:What Determines Behavior:
Each person’s unique combination Each person’s unique combination of traits of traits
Question for Study:Question for Study:
How many fundamental traits are How many fundamental traits are there?there?
How can we use trait patterns to How can we use trait patterns to predict behavior?predict behavior?
Biological
Developmental
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
Cognitive
Behavioral
TraitTrait
Humanistic
Evolutionary/Sociobiological
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