Learning Objectives: Subsistence Unit
1. Identify the subsistence patterns found in human
societies
2. Identify the cultural characteristics of a society that
might be inferred from knowing the society’s
subsistence patterns
3. Identify the changes brought about by the transition
to food production.
Adaptive Strategies Means of making a living
1) Foraging2) Horticulture3) Agriculture4) Pastoralism 5) Industrialism
Will discuss at the end of the quarter
Agriculture Cultivation using land and labor
continuously and intensively
Focus of our discussion:1.2.3.
Agriculture: Irrigation
Benefits 1.2.3.
Example: Ifugao Rice Fields
Agriculture: Terracing Terrace – piece of sloped plane
that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces
Why? Effective farming
Inca - Peru
Cultivation Continuum
Horticulture: ____________________
Agriculture: ____________
Labor increases, permanent pot usage increases
Key Difference between H & A: ______________vs. _________________
Pastoralism Subsistence strategy
____________________
Adaptation to one’s environment _________________ Only in
___________except Andean region
Pastoralism Degree of sedentism depends on animals
Camels, cows, goats: __________Pigs: _______________
Types of MobilityPastoral Nomadism: _________________Transhumance: _____________________
Video 1
Video 2
Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania Influenced by
local government & international activities
Land rights Possession of
cattle Eco-tourism
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