SubsistenceAGRICULTURE AND PASTORALISM

Learning Objectives: Subsistence Unit

1. Identify the subsistence patterns found in human

societies

2. Identify the cultural characteristics of a society that

might be inferred from knowing the society’s

subsistence patterns

3. Identify the changes brought about by the transition

to food production.

Adaptive Strategies Means of making a living

1) Foraging2) Horticulture3) Agriculture4) Pastoralism 5) Industrialism

Will discuss at the end of the quarter

Agriculture Cultivation using land and labor

continuously and intensively

Focus of our discussion:1.2.3.

Agriculture: Domesticated Animals Means of production

1.2.3.4.

Agriculture: Irrigation

Benefits 1.2.3.

Example: Ifugao Rice Fields

Agriculture: Terracing Terrace – piece of sloped plane

that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces

Why? Effective farming

Inca - Peru

Agriculture: Irrigation & Terracing

Cultivation Continuum

Horticulture: ____________________

Agriculture: ____________

Labor increases, permanent pot usage increases

Key Difference between H & A: ______________vs. _________________

Pastoralism Subsistence strategy

____________________

Adaptation to one’s environment _________________ Only in

___________except Andean region

Pastoralism Degree of sedentism depends on animals

Camels, cows, goats: __________Pigs: _______________

Types of MobilityPastoral Nomadism: _________________Transhumance: _____________________

Video 1

Video 2

Maasai of Kenya & Tanzania ‘Cattle People’ ‘Warrior

People’

Well known for their red clothing

Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania Influenced by

local government & international activities

Land rights Possession of

cattle Eco-tourism