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The Origins ofSoftware
2008 by Prentice Hall
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Learning Objectives
Explain outsourcing.
Describe six different sources of software.
Discuss how to evaluate offtheshelfsoftware.
Explain reuse and its role in software
develop!ent.
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System Acquisition: Outsourcing
"urning over responsibility of so!e or all of anorgani#ation$s infor!ation syste!s applications andoperations to an outside fir!
%easons to outsource &osteffective "a'e advantage of econo!ies of scale (ree up internal resources %educe ti!e to !ar'et )ncrease process efficiencies *yste! develop!ent is a noncore activity for the
organi#ation
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Systems Acquisition: Outsourcing
+utsourcing Exa!ples, co!pany that runs payroll applications
for clients., co!pany that runs your applications at
your site.
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Various Levels of Outsourcing
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2008 by Prentice Hall 6&hapter 2
Information Technology (IT
Services !irms Help co!panies develop custo! infor!ation
syste!s for internal use.
Develop- host- and run applications forcusto!ers.
Provide other services.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 7&hapter 2
"ac#age$ Software
"ro$ucers *erve !any !ar'et seg!ents. *oftware ranges fro! broadbased
pac'ages i.e. general ledger/ toniche pac'ages i.e. day care!anage!ent/.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 8&hapter 2
"ac#age$ Software
"ro$ucers *oftware runs on !icroco!puters to
large !ainfra!es. Prepac'aged software is offtheshelf
software.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 9&hapter 2
"ac#age$ Software "ro$ucers
(%ont& Prepac'aged software is turn'ey
software i.e. not custo!i#able/. +fftheshelf software at best !eets
0 percent of organi#ation1s needs.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 10&hapter 2
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2008 by Prentice Hall 11&hapter 2
"re'ac#age$ Software
(igure 22 icrosoft Pro3ect
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2008 by Prentice Hall 12&hapter 2
nter'rise Solutions
Software Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) syste!s
that integrate individual traditional business
functions into !odules enabling a singlesea!less transaction to cut across functionalboundaries.
*,P ,4 is the leading vendor of E%P syste!s.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 13&hapter 2
nter'rise Solutions Software
(%ont&
(igure 25 (unctional areas supported by +racle1s 6usiness *uitefor s!all to !ediu! businesses
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2008 by Prentice Hall 14&hapter 2
A''lication Service "rovi$er
(AS",n organi#ation that re!otely
hosts and runs co!puterapplications for other co!panies-typically on a peruse or licensebasis.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 15&hapter 2
A''lication Service "rovi$er
(AS" (%ont&,pplication service providers ,*Ps/
buy- install- !aintain- and upgrade the
applications.,pplication service providers ,*Ps/
purchase or license applications fro!
other software vendors.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 16&hapter 2
)anage$ Service "rovi$er
()S",n organi#ation that re!otely
provides custo!i#ed co!puter
applications and networ'basedservices for other co!panies for a!onthly or peruse fee.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 17&hapter 2
)anage$ Service "rovi$er
()S" (%ont& *Ps provide the ability to gain
access to large and co!plex syste!s
without the expense and ti!econsu!ing i!ple!entation.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 18&hapter 2
O'en Source Software
(reely available including source code. Developed by a co!!unity of interested
people. Perfor!s the sa!e functions as co!!ercial
software.
Exa!ples7 inux- !y*9- (irefox.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 19&hapter 2
In*+ouse ,evelo'ment
)f sufficient syste! develop!ent expertise withthe chosen platfor! exists inhouse- then so!e
or all of the syste! can be developed by theorgani#ation1s own staff. Hybrid solutions involving so!e purchased and
so!e inhouse co!ponents are co!!on.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 20&hapter 2
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O-*the*Shelf Software
ost co!!on criteria for selecting7 Cost7 co!paring the cost of
developing the sa!e syste! inhousewith the cost of purchasing orlicensing the software pac'age.
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O-*the*Shelf Software
Functionality7 the tas's that thesoftware can perfor! and the
!andatory- essential- and desiredsyste! features.
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O-*the*Shelf Software
(%ont&Vendor support7 whether or how
!uch support the vendor canprovide and at what cost.
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O-*the*Shelf Software
(%ont&Viability of vendor7 can the
software adapt to changes insyste!s software and hardware.
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O-*the*Shelf Software
(%ont& Flexibility7 how easy it is to
custo!i#e the software. Documentation7 is the user1s !anual
and technical docu!entationunderstandable and uptodate.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 26&hapter 2
O-*the*Shelf Software
(%ont& Response time7 how long it ta'es the
software pac'age to respond to the
user1s re:uests in an interactivesession.
Ease of installation7 a !easure of
the difficulty of loading the softwareand !a'ing it operational.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 27&hapter 2
Vali$ating "urchase$ Software
Information ;se a variety of infor!ation sources7 &ollect infor!ation fro! vendor.
*oftware docu!entation. "echnical !ar'eting literature.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 28&hapter 2
.equest !or "ro'osal (.!"
Request for proposal RFP/ is adocu!ent provided to vendors to as'
the! to propose hardware andsyste! software that will !eet there:uire!ents of a new syste!.
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.equest !or "ro'osal (.!"
(%ont& *o!eti!es called a Request For
QuoteRFQ/. 6ased on vendor bids- analyst selects
best candidates. ;se a variety of infor!ation sources.
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Information Sources !or .!"
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.euse
"he use of previously written softwareresources- especially ob3ects and
co!ponents- in new applications. &o!!only applied to two different
develop!ent technologies7 +b3ectoriented develop!ent &o!ponentbased develop!ent
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2008 by Prentice Hall 32&hapter 2
.euse (%ont&
Objectoriented development +b3ect class encapsulates data and behavior of
co!!on organi#ational entities e.g. e!ployees/ Componentbased development
&o!ponents can be as s!all as ob3ects or aslarge as pieces of software that handle single
business functions.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 33&hapter 2
.euse (%ont&
+b3ectoriented develop!entreuse is using ob3ect classes in!ore than one application e.g.E!ployee/.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 34&hapter 2
.euse (%ont&
&o!ponentbased develop!entreuse is the asse!bly of anapplication fro! !any differentco!ponents at !any differentlevels of co!plexity and si#e e.g.&urrency conversion/.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 35&hapter 2
%osts an$ /ene0ts of .euse
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A''roaches to .euse
!d"oc7 individuals are free to find ordevelop reusable assets on their own.
Facilitated7 developers are encouraged topractice reuse.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 37&hapter 2
A''roaches to .euse (%ont&
#ana$ed7 the develop!ent- sharing- andadoption of reusable assets is !andated.
Desi$ned7 !andating assets be designed forreuse as they are being designed for specificapplications.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 38&hapter 2
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2008 b P ti H ll 39
Summary
)n this chapter you learned how to7Explain outsourcing.
Describe six different sources of software.
Discuss how to evaluate offtheshelf software.
Explain reuse and its role in softwaredevelop!ent.
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