Leadership StylesGovernments around the world
Totalitarianismabsolute control by a political party - often communist, socialist or fascist ideologyall economic activity is controlled by the partyTotalitarian governments are often led by a dictator who has complete power. These countries are often also aggressive and racist.
Totalitarianismwhen a goal must be accomplished in a set time periodwhen all citizens agree to policies/goals set by the leader(s)if the leader abides by the same rules as the citizens
Totalitarian governments are effective:
Totalitarianismif citizens do not agree to the rules/policies set by the leaderif the leader does not follow the same rules as the citizensif there is no time limit for a goal
Totalitarian governments are not effective:
TotalitarianismU.S.S.R. 1922 - Joseph Stalin
TotalitarianismItaly 1922 - Benito Mussolini
TotalitarianismGermany 1933 - Adolf Hitler
TotalitarianismSpain 1936 - Francisco Franco
TotalitarianismNorth Korea 1948 - Kim Il-sung
TotalitarianismChina 1949 - Mao Zedong
TotalitarianismCuba 1959 - Fidel Castro
Autocracyleader has absolute power, and tells others what to dolimited discussion on ideasleader can be elected into powerdecisions may be made by a monarch (hereditary leadership) or a dictator (non-hereditary leadership)only an absolute monarchy has total control. constitutional monarchies (Great Britain, Canada) do not, and are not considered autocratic
AutocracyYes, they can and most often do. Totalitarianism is the presence of total government control, whereas an autocracy indicates the presence of a dictator or a monarch
Can a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader?
Autocracywhen time is limited in decision makingindividuals/groups lack skill and knowledgecitizens do not get along or are unable to co-operatecitizens and government staff do not respond to leadership styles
Autocracies are effective:
Autocracywhen developing a strong sense of teamwork is a goalcitizens have some degree of skill or knowledgewhen citizens want their opinion to be heard
Autocracies are not effective:
Autocratic LeadersKing Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years
Autocratic LeadersJoseph Stalin - U.S.S.R. 30 years in power
Autocratic LeadersAdolf Hitler - Germany 12 years in power
Autocratic LeadersMuammar Gaddafi - Libya 32 years in power
Autocratic LeadersBashar al-Assad - Syria in power since 2000
Oligarchyan oligarchy is similar to an autocratic government except that power rests in a small group rather than one person
Democracydecisions are made by the majoritypower rests in the body of citizens, and the head of government is not a monarchsome democratic countries have a monarch, but still elect a government to make decisions. The monarch has little power. This situation is called a constitutional monarchy.
Democracywhen there is a high degree of skill and/or motivation among citizensa sense of teamwork existsroutines are familiar to citizens
Democratic governments are effective:
Democracywhen there is a low degree of skill or knowledge among citizenswhen a low sense of teamwork/interdependence existscitizens expect to be told what to do
Democratic governments are not effective:
DemocracyCanada
DemocracyUnited States of America
DemocracyJapan
DemocracyIndia
DemocracyEngland
Laissez-Faireno group leader or system of governmenta state of social disorder due to lack of governmentlaissez-faire is also known as anarchy
Laissez-Fairewhen time is availablegroup is motivated and/or a sense of team existsmembers of the group have some degree of skill or knowledge
Laissez-faire is effective:
Laissez-Fairehigh degree of conflict is presentgroup is unmotivatedmembers of the group have little skill or knowledge
Laissez-faire is not effective:
Laissez-Fairehigh degree of conflict is presentgroup is unmotivatedmembers of the group have little skill or knowledge
Laissez-faire is not effective:
Laissez-FaireSomalia
Theocracyleadership by religion
Theocracywhen all citizens possess the same understanding of the religionwhen values/morals/ethics are the same for all citizens
Theocracy is effective:
Theocracywhen religious rules are interpreted differently among citizenswhen values/morals/ethics are different among citizens
Theocracy is not effective:
TheocracyVatican City - Pope Benedict XVI
TheocracyIran - Sayyed Ali Khamenei
Aristocracydecisions made by those considered to be superior through wealth or educationpeople in charge considered naturally better or high born
Aristocracywhen the aristocracy is interested in the welfare well-being of the citizens
Aristocracy is effective:when the aristocracy becomes self-interested and greedy
Aristocracy is not effective:
French Estates SystemFirst Estate (Clergy)Bishops - 139Monks - 25 000Nuns - 40 000Lower Clergy - 50 000Second Estate(Nobility)350 000Third Estate(Everyone else)24 500 000
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