Leadership Styles
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Transcript of Leadership Styles
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Leadership StylesGovernments around the world
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Totalitarianismabsolute control by a political party - often communist, socialist or fascist ideologyall economic activity is controlled by the partyTotalitarian governments are often led by a dictator who has complete power. These countries are often also aggressive and racist.
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Totalitarianismwhen a goal must be accomplished in a set time periodwhen all citizens agree to policies/goals set by the leader(s)if the leader abides by the same rules as the citizens
Totalitarian governments are effective:
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Totalitarianismif citizens do not agree to the rules/policies set by the leaderif the leader does not follow the same rules as the citizensif there is no time limit for a goal
Totalitarian governments are not effective:
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TotalitarianismU.S.S.R. 1922 - Joseph Stalin
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TotalitarianismItaly 1922 - Benito Mussolini
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TotalitarianismGermany 1933 - Adolf Hitler
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TotalitarianismSpain 1936 - Francisco Franco
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TotalitarianismNorth Korea 1948 - Kim Il-sung
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TotalitarianismChina 1949 - Mao Zedong
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TotalitarianismCuba 1959 - Fidel Castro
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Autocracyleader has absolute power, and tells others what to dolimited discussion on ideasleader can be elected into powerdecisions may be made by a monarch (hereditary leadership) or a dictator (non-hereditary leadership)only an absolute monarchy has total control. constitutional monarchies (Great Britain, Canada) do not, and are not considered autocratic
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AutocracyYes, they can and most often do. Totalitarianism is the presence of total government control, whereas an autocracy indicates the presence of a dictator or a monarch
Can a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader?
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Autocracywhen time is limited in decision makingindividuals/groups lack skill and knowledgecitizens do not get along or are unable to co-operatecitizens and government staff do not respond to leadership styles
Autocracies are effective:
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Autocracywhen developing a strong sense of teamwork is a goalcitizens have some degree of skill or knowledgewhen citizens want their opinion to be heard
Autocracies are not effective:
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Autocratic LeadersKing Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years
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Autocratic LeadersJoseph Stalin - U.S.S.R. 30 years in power
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Autocratic LeadersAdolf Hitler - Germany 12 years in power
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Autocratic LeadersMuammar Gaddafi - Libya 32 years in power
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Autocratic LeadersBashar al-Assad - Syria in power since 2000
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Oligarchyan oligarchy is similar to an autocratic government except that power rests in a small group rather than one person
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Democracydecisions are made by the majoritypower rests in the body of citizens, and the head of government is not a monarchsome democratic countries have a monarch, but still elect a government to make decisions. The monarch has little power. This situation is called a constitutional monarchy.
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Democracywhen there is a high degree of skill and/or motivation among citizensa sense of teamwork existsroutines are familiar to citizens
Democratic governments are effective:
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Democracywhen there is a low degree of skill or knowledge among citizenswhen a low sense of teamwork/interdependence existscitizens expect to be told what to do
Democratic governments are not effective:
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DemocracyCanada
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DemocracyUnited States of America
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DemocracyJapan
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DemocracyIndia
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DemocracyEngland
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Laissez-Faireno group leader or system of governmenta state of social disorder due to lack of governmentlaissez-faire is also known as anarchy
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Laissez-Fairewhen time is availablegroup is motivated and/or a sense of team existsmembers of the group have some degree of skill or knowledge
Laissez-faire is effective:
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Laissez-Fairehigh degree of conflict is presentgroup is unmotivatedmembers of the group have little skill or knowledge
Laissez-faire is not effective:
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Laissez-Fairehigh degree of conflict is presentgroup is unmotivatedmembers of the group have little skill or knowledge
Laissez-faire is not effective:
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Laissez-FaireSomalia
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Theocracyleadership by religion
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Theocracywhen all citizens possess the same understanding of the religionwhen values/morals/ethics are the same for all citizens
Theocracy is effective:
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Theocracywhen religious rules are interpreted differently among citizenswhen values/morals/ethics are different among citizens
Theocracy is not effective:
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TheocracyVatican City - Pope Benedict XVI
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TheocracyIran - Sayyed Ali Khamenei
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Aristocracydecisions made by those considered to be superior through wealth or educationpeople in charge considered naturally better or high born
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Aristocracywhen the aristocracy is interested in the welfare well-being of the citizens
Aristocracy is effective:when the aristocracy becomes self-interested and greedy
Aristocracy is not effective:
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French Estates SystemFirst Estate (Clergy)Bishops - 139Monks - 25 000Nuns - 40 000Lower Clergy - 50 000Second Estate(Nobility)350 000Third Estate(Everyone else)24 500 000