THE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSTHE SCIENTISTSMaría José Jiménez Mariano García FernándezMaría José Jiménez, Mariano García Fernández

CSICCSICInstitute of Geosciences (CSIC UCM) Madrid SpainInstitute of Geosciences (CSIC-UCM), Madrid, Spain

mj.jimenez@csic.es, mariano.garcia@csic.es

1 I d i1 I d i1. Introduction1. Introduction 3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge3. Scientists & Fragmentation of Knowledge

SCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSSCIENTISTSDATA, INFORMATION , KNOWLEDGE SCIENTISTSSCIENTISTS

SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL ASPECTS WHO?WHO?STRATEGY FRAMEWORKS for DRRDRR in integration toin integration to CCACCA

WHO?WHO?ff ff

STRATEGY FRAMEWORKS for DRR DRR in integration to in integration to CCACCAThose capable of delivering Those capable of delivering scientific scientific and technical data, and technical data, gg

information, andinformation, and knowledgeknowledge13 CASE STUDIES13 CASE STUDIES KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

information, and information, and knowledgeknowledge13 CASE STUDIES 13 CASE STUDIES

DIFFERENT TEMPORAL & SPATIAL SCALESKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

GAPS BARRIERS BRIDGESGAPS BARRIERS BRIDGES 1 2DIFFERENT TEMPORAL & SPATIAL SCALESSUDDEN ONSET & CREEPING EVENTS

GAPS, BARRIERS, BRIDGESGAPS, BARRIERS, BRIDGESi li l f ti lf ti l t t lt t l

1 2SUDDEN ONSET & CREEPING EVENTS5 HYDROMETEREOLOGICAL EVENTS

(socialsocial, , functionalfunctional, , structuralstructural )PHASES f DISASTER CYCLEPHASES f DISASTER CYCLE

EXPERTS & TECHNICAL STAFFEXPERTS & TECHNICAL STAFF PRACTICIONERSPRACTICIONERS5 HYDROMETEREOLOGICAL EVENTS PHASES of DISASTER CYCLEPHASES of DISASTER CYCLEBBodies in Public Sectorodies in Public Sector

PRACTICIONERSPRACTICIONERSPrivate SectorPrivate SectorBBodies in Public Sectorodies in Public Sector Private SectorPrivate Sector

2 Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA2 Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA 32. Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA2. Role of Scientists in DRR and CCA 3RESEARCH SCIENTISTS RESEARCH SCIENTISTS

Universities or Research Centres (Public or Private)INTERDISCIPLINARITYINTERDISCIPLINARITY

Universities or Research Centres (Public or Private)&INCREASINGINCREASING INCREASING INCREASING

INTERDISCIPLINARITYINTERDISCIPLINARITY &C lt i f P i t S tSPECIALISATIONSPECIALISATION FRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATION

powerful tool Consultancies for Private Sector FRAGMENTATIONFRAGMENTATIONaddressing most complex issues;

COMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONCOMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONCOMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION COMPLEX PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION Barriers on collectively thinkingDRR and CCADRR and CCA DisciplinesDisciplines NOT NECESSARILYNOT NECESSARILY make different groupsmake different groupsBarriers on collectively thinkingDRR and CCA DRR and CCA

‘SYSTEM PROBLEMS‘SYSTEM PROBLEMSDisciplinesDisciplines NOT NECESSARILY NOT NECESSARILY make different groupsmake different groups

SYSTEM PROBLEMS SYSTEM PROBLEMS

l i t ti FRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUESFRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUEScomplex interacting processes FRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUESFRAGMENTATION DISTINCT ISSUESdifferent temporal and spatial scales EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE

expertise from natural and social sciences INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

DETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATIONDETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATIONINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHINTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH DETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATIONDETAILED PRELIMINARY ORGANISATIONproblem formulation, data analysis and interpretation

simulation modelling, and sensitivity analysis

SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS POTENTIAL LEGAL LIABILITY of SCIENTISTSPOTENTIAL LEGAL LIABILITY of SCIENTISTSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS

LLack of understanding/awareness ack of understanding/awareness who who offer advice offer advice d d id d i

should should not be a main argument not be a main argument and recommend actions to governments.and recommend actions to governments.as as a basis for a basis for actionaction

ASSESMENT OF UNCERTAINTY ASSESMENT OF UNCERTAINTY

&&degree degree of truth of scientific of truth of scientific knowledge knowledge && credibility of the information/knowledge credibility of the information/knowledge gg gg y gy g

PreventionandmitigationPreventionandmitigation Recoveryandreconstruction Recoveryandreconstruction 

i l ti t t t d th b ti f th i ff t d i t Th i lK l d

i l ti t t t d th b ti f th i ff t d i t Th i lK l d  

 in relation to extreme events and the exacerbation of their effects and impacts. Their low Knowledge gapprobability and frequency might cause a functional bias

 in relation to extreme events and the exacerbation of their effects and impacts. Their low Knowledge gapprobability and frequency might cause a functional bias

More bridges than barriers: The event acting as a catalyst. More bridges than barriers: The event acting as a catalyst. probability and frequency might cause a   functional biasprobability and frequency might cause a   functional bias    

recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting withFunctional bridges 

recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting withFunctional bridgesMostly  . The event prioritising actions on e.g.: functional bridgesMostly  . The event prioritising actions on e.g.: functional bridges

 recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting with Functional bridgesthe public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures

 recently established for knowledge sharing among scientists and those interacting with Functional bridgesthe public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures need for changes in existing approaches regarding  need for changes in existing approaches regarding the public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures  the public sector, including joint work for improvement of procedures   o data, methods and communication o data, methods and communication 

Common barrier on data: Common barrier on data:  o interdisciplinary work to avoid fragmentation o interdisciplinary work to avoid fragmentation 

Availability (if existing or if scattered) Availability (if existing or if scattered)  o interlinks and joint development programmes among different stakeholders o interlinks and joint development programmes among different stakeholders 

Quality and resolution Quality and resolution  allocation of funds to dedicated programmes on risk management  allocation of funds to dedicated programmes on risk management Lack  of  resources  to  get  better  quality/higher  resolution  within  the  established  temporal/financialf kLack  of  resources  to  get  better  quality/higher  resolution  within  the  established  temporal/financialf k

triggering volunteering to work on establishing inter‐stakeholder partnerships  triggering volunteering to work on establishing inter‐stakeholder partnerships 

isis frameworks frameworks   l l d i i i i i h h i lS i l b id

 l l d i i i i i h h i lS i l b id

ysys

 related to the development of research on vulnerability mitigation and riskFunctional barriers

 related to the development of research on vulnerability mitigation and riskFunctional barriers

 local administrators – scientists, with the event acting as a catalyst Social bridge local administrators – scientists, with the event acting as a catalyst Social bridge

aly

aly   related  to  the  development  of  research  on  vulnerability,  mitigation  and  risk Functional  barriers

communication:  related  to  the  development  of  research  on  vulnerability,  mitigation  and  risk Functional  barriers

communication: M i l i l ti t d i i t ti dt t l b i M i l i l ti t d i i t ti dt t l b i

na

na communication: 

scientists’ advice was not taken into account

communication: 

scientists’ advice was not taken into accountMainly   in relation to administrative procedures:  structural barriers

L k f i l t ti f lt f d di t d t di

Mainly   in relation to administrative procedures:  structural barriers

L k f i l t ti f lt f d di t d t di

An

An scientists  advice was not taken into account 

available information only partly useful

scientists  advice was not taken into account 

available information only partly useful Lack of implementation of results of dedicated studies 

L d l th d ti f th i f ti

Lack of implementation of results of dedicated studies 

L d l th d ti f th i f ti

e A

e A available information only partly useful 

lack of a shared risk culture 

available information only partly useful 

lack of a shared risk culture  Long delays on the production of the information 

St iti t l l l l t f ll ib d i l di fi i l ti

Long delays on the production of the information 

St iti t l l l l t f ll ib d i l di fi i l ti

he

he

lack or failures in communicating the relevant information in a usable way  lack or failures in communicating the relevant information in a usable way  Strong opposition at local level to follow prescribed measures including financial compensations.  Strong opposition at local level to follow prescribed measures including financial compensations. 

fth

fth g y

main interest by local stakeholders limited to hazard issues 

g y

main interest by local stakeholders limited to hazard issues  

d t il bilit l d d if i ti t ll hi h b i t d ithK l d 

d t il bilit l d d if i ti t ll hi h b i t d ithK l d

of

of y

 y

  on data availability on  losses and damage  if existing at all, which can be associated with Knowledge gap

functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events on data availability on  losses and damage  if existing at all, which can be associated with Knowledge gap

functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events

y o

y o

 causing: Social barriers causing: Social barriers functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events. functional issues caused by little attention to these aspects in past events. 

ary

ary Local indigenous knowledge not considered useful by local scientists  Local indigenous knowledge not considered useful by local scientists 

GAPSGAPSma

ma Scientific data not accepted by local actors  Scientific data not accepted by local actors  GAPSGAPS

mm

mm GAPSGAPS

um

um Preparedness,planningandwarningPreparedness,planningandwarning

BARRIERS & BRIDGESBARRIERS & BRIDGESSu

Su  

F i h d ( SLR) h ib i f i i i i i h i h EU li i F i h d ( SLR) h ib i f i i i i i h i h EU li i BARRIERS & BRIDGESBARRIERS & BRIDGES S S For creeping hazards (e.g. SLR) the contribution of scientists in raising awareness together with EU policies 

t th h i f k l d ithi l b id ll ( i ti t ’f ti l tFor creeping hazards (e.g. SLR) the contribution of scientists in raising awareness together with EU policies 

t th h i f k l d ithi l b id ll ( i ti t ’f ti l tBARRIERS & BRIDGESBARRIERS & BRIDGES

4.4. represents a   on the sharing of knowledge with a social bridge  as well (scientists’ scope functional aspectand priorities in their research)represents a   on the sharing of knowledge with a social bridge  as well (scientists’ scope functional aspectand priorities in their research)and priorities in their research). and priorities in their research). 

Period after reconstructionPeriod after reconstruction For sudden‐onset hazards early warning due to insufficient capacities and equipmentstructural barriers For sudden‐onset hazards early warning due to insufficient capacities and equipmentstructural barriers

PeriodafterreconstructionPeriodafterreconstructionFor sudden onset hazards, early warning   due to  insufficient capacities and equipment structural barriersto transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations.For sudden onset hazards, early warning   due to  insufficient capacities and equipment structural barriersto transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations.

 Main bridges and on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in:functional structural Main bridges and on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in:functional structuralto transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations. 

 to transfer precise information well in advance. Often a consequence of laws and regulations.  

Main bridges   and   on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in: functional structural

Quantity and quality of the data

Main bridges   and   on recent advances in new ICT providing improvements in: functional structural

Quantity and quality of the dataFor creeping hazards   on: functional barriersFor creeping hazards   on: functional barriers

Quantity and quality of the data 

Diffusion of the information

Quantity and quality of the data 

Diffusion of the information Transfer of knowledge and information on well‐known vulnerabilities   Transfer of knowledge and information on well‐known vulnerabilities  

Diffusion of the information 

Establishment of programmes to increase knowledge and awareness on vulnerability and safe

Diffusion of the information 

Establishment of programmes to increase knowledge and awareness on vulnerability and safe Prediction and warning links to systematic observations are mainly scientific oriented  Prediction and warning links to systematic observations are mainly scientific oriented 

Establishment  of  programmes  to  increase  knowledge  and  awareness  on  vulnerability  and  safeconstruction

Establishment  of  programmes  to  increase  knowledge  and  awareness  on  vulnerability  and  safeconstructionconstruction construction 

ResponseResponse   

 l l b f h h

 l l b f h h

 on general background knowledge in society, as well as biases to mostly hazard‐Functional barriers

 on general background knowledge in society, as well as biases to mostly hazard‐Functional barriers

Very little or even no contributions of scientists in the response phase Very little or even no contributions of scientists in the response phase   on  general  background  knowledge  in  society,  as well  as  biases  to mostly  hazardFunctional  barriers

oriented work  on  general  background  knowledge  in  society,  as well  as  biases  to mostly  hazardFunctional  barriers

oriented work Not referred knowledge shared systems that would allow real time updates to deliver improved Not referred knowledge shared systems that would allow real time updates to deliver improved

oriented work oriented work 

Not  referred  knowledge  shared  systems  that  would  allow  real‐time  updates  to  deliver  improved information for quick decisions during response from traditional approaches where no fastFunctional biasNot  referred  knowledge  shared  systems  that  would  allow  real‐time  updates  to  deliver  improved information for quick decisions during response from traditional approaches where no fastFunctional bias

   when  a  lack  of  transfer  of  the  acquired  knowledge  on  risk  to  the  local  levels  occurs Social  barriers

   when  a  lack  of  transfer  of  the  acquired  knowledge  on  risk  to  the  local  levels  occurs Social  barriersinformation for quick decisions during response.   from traditional approaches where no fast Functional bias

observational techniques were available (e g (satellites Internet)information for quick decisions during response.   from traditional approaches where no fast Functional biasobservational techniques were available (e g (satellites Internet)

q g(administration and local stakeholders) 

q g(administration and local stakeholders) observational techniques were available (e.g. (satellites, Internet). observational techniques were available (e.g. (satellites, Internet).  ( )( )