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HUMAN EYE AND VISION
Geethika MuralidharanB10 ISP
CUSAT
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Eye
Eye is a living camera
Essential cntri!utin t "aciale#$ressin
Brain $rcesses the in"rmatin
INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH
TISSUES Thrugh a!sr$tin
Scattering
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%ight induced $rcess intissues
Aut &urescence
Phtchemical $rcesses
Thermal e'ects Pht a!latin
Plasma(induced a!latin
Phtdisru$tin
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Pht$rcesses in !i$lymers
)ighly e*cient
Series " cm$le# ste$s +ith num!er" intermediates
Intermediates "rmed in the dark,-ark reactin.
Pht$rcesses is cyclic ,$htcycle.
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ST/UCTU/E )UMA2 E3E
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/ETI2A
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/MATI2 /)-PSI2
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P)3SICA% A2- C)EMICA%
P/CESSES
Stimulus$erce$tin
/ece$tin Transductin
Cding
/etinal ismeri4atin under light $ressu
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P)3SICA% C)A2GES I2/ETI2A%
rmatin " all(trans(retinal activates its $sin5
Activated rhd$sin6 activates many mlecules "a $rtein cm$le# called transducin5
Transducin activates an en4yme that !reaksd+n cyclic GMP
The dr$ in the cyclic GMP cncentratin clses2a7 and Ca87 channels in the $lasma mem!rane" the rd5
The electrical signal thrugh a series " cm$le#$rcesses is 9nally
Transmitted !y the $tical nerve5
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P)T I2-UCE-I2TE/ME-IATES
/hd$sin ,:;0nm.
Bathrhd$sin ,=:?nm.
%umirhd$sin ,:;>nm.
Metarhd$sin I ,:>
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Disual Cycle
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Eye -e"ects
My$ia
)y$er$ia
Astigmatism Cataracts
Glaucma
Clur !lindness Pres!y$ia
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M3PIA
2ear(sightedness
Pr!lem seeing!ects "ar a+ay
-istance !et+een lensand retina t large
%ight "cused in "rnt
" retina Crrect +ith diverging
lenses
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My$ia
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)3PE/PIA
ar(sightedness
Pr!lem seeing clse!ects
-istance !et+een lensand retina t small
%ight "cused !ehind
retina Crrected +ith
cnverging lenses
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ASTIGMATISM
Eye cannt "cusan !ectFs imagen a single $int
n retina
Crnea is valinstead "
s$herical Causes !lurred
visin
Sme ty$es can
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P/ESB3PIA
rm " "ar(sightedness
)arder "r $e$le tread as they age
%ens lses elasticity
Crrected !y
glasses +ithcnverging lenses
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CATA/ACTS
Cluding "rms in lensdue t denaturing "lens $rtein
!structs $assage "light
Caused !y age6
chrnic e#$sure tUD6 r due t trauma
/emved !y surgery
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Clur !lindness
Una!le t "ullysee red6 green r!lue light5
The mstcmmn "rm(red green clur
!lindness
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/EE/E2CES
Bi$htnics H Paras 2 $rasad
)and!k " a$$lied $htmetry( C-ecusatis
+++5Chm5!ris5ac5uk htt$+++5meritnatin5cmaskans+erJu
estine#$lainstructure"humaneyehuman
eyeandclur"ul+rld
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